Dry Type Transformers-ideal for FPSO
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Transcript of Dry Type Transformers-ideal for FPSO
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8/11/2019 Dry Type Transformers-ideal for FPSO
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 1
Dry type transformers-ideal for FPSO
- Transformers for electrical and drivesystems
Ar ild Furnes,ATPA OGP/Petrobras workshop, 22.09.09
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 2
Transformers for Ships and Offshore - Standards
IEC 60092-303 Electrical installations in ships, Part303 equipment -
Transformers for power and l ighting IEC 61892-3 Mobile and fixed offshore units, Part 3
equipment -
Clause 5 -Transformers for power and lighting
Both refer to general transformer standards IEC 60076 (alltypes) and IEC
60726 (Dry type transformers) Preferably air cooled dry type
Liquid-immersed transformers preferably hermeticallysealed type, no spilling of liquid
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 3
Transformers for Ships and Offshore - Standards
Differences to be noticed to on shore applications
Environmental conditions
Air temperature higher (45 C or higher) = reduced temperature rise
Cooling water temperatures high = reduced temperature rise
Humidity and salt = degrees of enclosure
Inclinations, static and dynamic = mechanic requirements
Acceleration and vibrations = mechanic requirements, flexibleconnections
EX-classified zones = specifically designed transformers
Materials to be used
Self extinguishing
High tracking index
Halogen free
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 4
Classification often required /ABS, DnV, Rina, Loyds etc)
Type testing and special tests often required. Routine testsmandatory according to IEC.
Insulation between HV and LV systems
Normal practise to have earthed screen between HV and LVwindings
Reduces capacitively transferred overvoltages fro HV side toLV ITsystems
Reduces transferred EMC disturbance from drive systems toship distribution system
Screen is technically clear requirement, increased or
improved insulation of HV systems is not
Drive supply transformers should have the screen for EMCreduction, all high power drives make EMC-noise to supplynetwork
Screen inside transformer is economic way to block EMC
Transformers for Ships and Offshore - StandardsDifferences to be noticed to on shore applications
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 5
Transformers for Ships and Offshore - StandardsDry transformers-Technologies
Dry type transformers IEC 60726
Fire class F0,F1,F2
For ships only possibility F1 (self extinguishing), F2 should be able operate
under fire for limited time is not existing Impulse voltage level according to list 2 (higher alternative)
Vacuum breakers create switching over voltages, more margin
3,6 kV = LI 40 kV
7,2 kV = LI 60 kV
12 kV = LI 75 kV
transformers at end of short cables (100-200 m) critical
If the LI level is not mentioned, you may be getting the lower oneie list 1
Classification rules have no impulse voltage requirements Area to be improved
Dry type transformers cannot be installed without extensive measures onExplosion Hazard Zones at all, but must be installed on Safe Areas
Temperature hot spots on coils, Sparking and charging at switching on
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 6
Transformers for Ships and Offshore - StandardsDry transformers-Technologies
Dry type transformers IEC 60726
Encapsulated type = resin encapsulated (cast resin or filamentwound inside resin)
Non-encapsulated types =open wound (traditional, with limitation)
Environmental class E0, E1,E2
For ships minimum E1 ,can be energised while having moisture onthe transformer coils, but note that in the standard no switching
overvoltage is considered (known to be a problem with vacumbreakers of certain designs in small offshore networks)
E2 recommended (can operate while humidity is being sprayed onthe transformer, has more margin compared to E1)
E1 and E2 can be reached only with encapsulated designs
Climatic class C1,C2
For ships minimum C1 (-5 C) is sufficient
For scandinavian Yards C2 (-25 C) is necessary while buildingships
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 7
Most common variants of dry type transformersOther important considerations
Rectifier duty.
Derating approx. 20 % with
6 puls diode rectifier. Primary phase shift
removes possibility fortapping, no-load voltageneeds to be carefullyselected from system study
Several cooling alternatives
available for both dry type
AN, AN/AF, AF/AF, AF/WF
Ingress protection of enclosure
The higer number, biggerunit not to exceed thermal
limits
Two dry typetransformers incommon enclosurefor 24 pulse rectiferduty.
Petrobras requiresdedicated enclosureas per today.
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 8
Most common variants of dry type transformersOther important considerations
Both size and audible noisecan be reduced by materialselection and design.
High grade orientend core steel
High grade copper wire or foil
High impedance many turns,low impedance fewer turns
Influences the physical
dimensions
Vacum cast coil
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 9
Most common variants of dry type transformersDry VPI open wound with paper
Recommendations for offshore applications
Only for LV distribution
Below 500 kVA AN
Indoor in controlled environment
Salt laden air will degrade
paper insulation over time
Up to approx 12 MVA
15 kV
Several cooling options available
Both Cu and Al windings available
Cost efficient
Petrobrasspecifications ingeneral calls for resinencapsulated types
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 10
Most common variants of dry type transformersVacum Cast Coil
Classes: E2, C2, F1
Partial discharges:
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 11
Most common variants of dry type transformersResibloc
Classes: E2, C2, F1
Partial discharges close to zero
Insulation : 155C (F), 180C (H)
Design Temperature: 40 C
Design according to class up to 55 C
amb. or 38 C for cooling water.
Up to approx 40 MVA
45 kV
Several cooling options available
Both Cu and Al windings available
Glass-fiber reinforced, crack free
Wound resin impregnated coil
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 12
MTBF Resibloc Transformers433 years !
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 14
Why use dry type transformers on FPSO
Easy to install, simple foundation and enclosure
Very clean, no oil, pits etc.
Less fire load (energy) than oil filled
Epoxy has higher ignition temp than special synthetic ester
Can be assembled offshore by skilled service people
Easy to connect cables and/or bus-ducts
Easy access for inspection through bolted covers or hingeddoors
Easy to install fans later to increase power if provisions(Space under coils) are made. Approx. 30 40 % increase
Practically maintenance free
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 15
Why use dry type transformers on FPSOAreas to consider liquid filled transformers
Outdoor location in case of limited HVAC and indoor space
Highly corrosive offshore location. Tropical condition
worse than cold in this matter. Exposed parts of Liquidfilled are galvanized and painted.
Zone requirement
Dry type not suitable due to difficulties to ensure no
hotspots on coils and sparking during energizing. Very high power
Due to weight and size.
Multi winding transformers for drives (more than 3secondaries due to balance of impedance/flux) Liquid filledare more flexible with respect to phase shift.
If OLTC (on load tap changer/AVR) is needed
Very large OLTC for dry types.
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 16
Why use dry type transformers on FPSOLiquid filled application
Roof of FPSO E-house
Compact liquid filled
Corrugated tank design
Conservator type design
Zone 1 or 2 outdoor
FPSO outside WestAfrica.
Multi Phase PumpPower ControlModule with
drives inside
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 17
Why use dry type transformers on FPSOLiquid filled execution
OF/WF transformer forpropuplsion
Seawatercooled
Syntetic ester,biodegradeable
300 deg C flamepoint Most compact design
available,
Very beneficial on large
compressor drives etc.
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 18
Why use dry type transformers on FPSOLiquid filled on module outdoor
Single lift PowerControl Module forsubsea Multi PhasePump
Liquid filled
transformer installedoutdoor on frame toreduce need for largecooling units insidemodule
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 19
Dry type transformer with water cooling AF/WFIncreasing interest in the offshore and ship market
Reduces need for HVAC andducts
Reduces audible noise
Approx. 5 % of losses toambient, rest to water
Min. IP 44 design enclosure
Cooler for seawater available(double titanium tube)
Redundant blower and coolerarrangement available
No liquid carryingpipe allowed.
Clause 1.4 inPetrobras
I-ET-3000.00-5140-700-PCI-001ELECTRICALBASIC DESIGNGUIDELINES
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 20
Dry type transformers in a systemWhat can ABB do ?
Provide the best technologies available conforming withPetrobras specifications and applicable regulations.
Take responsibility for the integrity of the complete Drive systems
Electrical system
Load flow calculations and considerations( impedance,no-load/nominal voltage of the transformer and voltagedrop during DOL motor starts)
Harmonic calculations (THD)
Provide transformers which offers the best possiblecancellation configuration with the VFD
Provide and dimension pre-magnetizing system forreducing inrush current when energizing the transformers
Up to 1/18 reduction of inrush current !
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 21
Dry type transformers in a systemConfiguration of converter duty transformers
Distortion with 6 pulse
Distortion with 12 pulse
Distortion with 24 pulse
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 22
Dry type transformers in a systemSimple pre-magnetizing system
T1
C2
C1
C3
T2440 V
Simple and cost effective ifback up supply available
Integrated in transformerenclosure
In Switchgear
Separate assembly
Figure of pre-magnetizingsystem in a essential modedrilling transformer to 690 V
drilling drive system fromweak 440V emergencysupply network
D t t f i t
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 23
Dry type transformers in a systemPeregrino WHPs
Total 10 units for waterinjection, booster andproduction pumps
ACS 1000i
24 pulse integrated dry typetransformer
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ABB GroupSeptember 24, 2009 | Slide 24