DRY BEAN RESEARCH IN MICHIGAN-USA-WORLD

BY GREG VARNER

Goal: Develop Erect, High-Yielding, Disease Resistant Bean Varieties

Plant Structure of Black Bean Varieties

T-39 Condor

BEAN TRIALS SINCE 1975

NAVY LODGE RATING VARIETY 2007 2008 Vista 2 2 Seahawk 3.5 3.5 Medalist 2 2 Coop3019 2 1.5 T9905 2.5 2.5 GTS 544 2.5 3.5 Reliant 2.5 3

BLACK LODGE RATING VARIETY 2007 2008 Jaguar 1.5 1.5 Condor 2.5 2.5 Black Velvet 2 2 Shania 2.5 2 Loreto 2.5 2 Domino 2.5 3 Midnight 2.5 2.5

Since 1982, 35 New Bean Varieties From MSU

•! Merlot Small Red •! Condor Black •! Capri Bush Cranberry

Res. To BCMV •! Sedona Pink •! Zorro Black •! Santa Fe Pinto •! Fuji Tebo with Res. To

BCMV

POTATO LEAFHOPPER CONTROL

•  SPRAYS

•  SOIL INSECTICIDES •  SEED TREATMENTS

•  GENETIC RESISTANCE

•  BIOLOGICALS

•  SCOUTING

PLH Damage in Navy Beans

35% Damage in Check 4% Damage in Cruiser 50grm

Vista Navy Beans

Ratings done at 40 days after planting

Michigan Trials

Tarnished Plant Bug

Western bean cutworm in dry beans:

Chris DiFonzo MSU Entomology Department

Damage to commercial beans (from Greg Varner – Montcalm Co.)

Culls

Western Bean Cutworm •  2-4% damage, a $24-48 loss on 2200 Ac •  pheromone traps were low (76) •  700-1000 range before damage on beans •  Cranberry and Kidney beans •  Late planted fields had more damage •  Soil insecticides didn’t control WBC •  cost 2.4 million dollars to Michigan grower •  use insurance insecticide applications?

ZINC AND MANGANESE DEF. IN DRY BEANS

•  pH •  SOIL TEST

•  ORGANIC SOILS

•  HIGH P SOILS

•  GENETIC DIFFERENCES

ZINC DEFICIENT DRY BEANS

•  North Dakota State Showed Beans with low Zinc levels in dry

seed were Zinc Deficient during growing season. Albion and Avanti vs. Norstar

* Idaho Showed same research data in Zinc Deficient Trial

Breeding for Common Bacterial Blight (CBB) Resistance in Dry Beans

Breeding for Common Bacterial Blight (CBB) Resistance in Dry Beans

Challenges that must be considered:

*Adequate sources of resistance*Development of screening protocol that accurately distinguishes between resistant and susceptible genotypes

*Availability of polymorphic molecular markers*Combination of leaf and pod resistance

•  Good Seed •  Fungicides •  Bean Quality Problems

White Mold-No. 1 Bean Disease

National Sclerotinia Initiative •  2002--$ 960,000 •  2003– 1,451,000 •  2004-- 1,442,000 •  2005-- 1,430,000 •  2006-- 1,695,000 •  2007-- 1,711,000 •  2008-- 1,711,000

•  www.whitemoldresearch.com or org

WM PINTO BEAN AN37 ENTRY YIELD P07863 52.2 CWT Genetic Trial P07863 53.7 CWT National Trial P07757 50 + CWT P07751 50 + CWT

New Fungicides

•  Endura •  Omega

•  Contans-Biological

•  Switch

WHITE MOLD TRIAL

TREATMENT RATE %W MOLD YIELD CHECK 73 1663 TOPSIN M 30 oz 55 2254 TOPSIN M 70wdg 24 oz 59 2026 SWITCH 11 oz 53 2308 OMEGA 8 oz 42 2609 ENDURA 8 oz 39 2681 T-METHYL 30 oz 56 2088

2007 White Mold Trial YIELD RATE %W MOLD YIELD CHECK 73 2028 TOPSIN M 24 oz 62 2473 SWITCH 11 oz 52 2428 OMEGA 8 oz 37 3140 ENDURA 8 oz 38 2952 lsd=626 #

SOYBEAN RUST

SOYBEAN RUST LOW INFECTION-BLACK BEANS

-NAVY BEANS -MERLOT S. RED

SOUTH AFRICA

•  ADJACENT OR IN SOY FIELD

•  DEFOLIATION

•  MATURE LEAVES

•  LATE IN YEAR

•  QUARTER MILE

•  NO INFECTION

BRAZIL GMO OLATHE PINTO • Bar and BGMV RNAi-Gene • Field Tested since 2002 • Low Transfer Rate • Traditional Crossing will

take 10 Years for Commercial Variety

Fusarium Root Rot

SOIL COMPACTION AND DRAINAGE

With adequate and timely rainfall, soil compaction does not present a problem. Have to get Excess Water Away Restricted Root Growth Reduces Yields

•! Shallow roots

•! Root Rot Diseases

•! Poor Fertility Uptake

•! Poor Yields •! Herbicide Injury

•! Water Infiltration

B&B FARM WEBSITE

www.maes.emu.edu/ressta/ saginawvalley/bean1.html email-

varnerbean@hotmail.com

•! WEEDS •! INSECTS •! WHITE MOLD - DISEASES •! COLOR - SEED COAT •! CANNING QUALITY •! FLAVOR •! FLATULENCE

NEW DRY BEAN GENES

THE NEXT CHALLENGE

varnerbean@hotmail.com