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Drugs NCLEX

With antibiotics:Peak and Trough levels--each drug has their own peak/trough

therapeutic index to tell us whether the drugs are workingtherapeutically.

Peak: draw 45in to ! hr a"ter drug is adinistered -- highestpeakTrough: draw be"ore adinistering next dose -- lowest level

#idocaine is the drug o" choice "or reducing pvc$s.

%olchicine relieves in&aation and is used to treat gout.

'( (aliu and )ilantin are used to treat status epilepticus.

*olu-edrol is a !st line drug used to control edea a"terspinal cord traua.

Alprazolam ( Xanax )- antianxiety agent, usual dose is 0.25-

0.5 mg two to three times daily. Side ee!ts" drowsiness,

dizziness, lethargy, !onusion.

Amlodipine ( #or$as! )- %%& used or systemi! $asodilationand de!reased 'lood pressure. %oronary $asodilation and

de!reased reuen!y and se$erity o angina. %#*+A#%A*#

& /0mm1g.

osinopril ( 3onopril )- tx o hypertension and %14 dosage

is 5-0 mg on!e daily max dose in a day is 60mg

+osiglitazone ( A$andia )-tx type 2 dia'etes4 dosage is -6

mg as a single daily dose or in 2 di$ided doses ( use

!autiously i edema or %1 )

Drugs with these endings........ usually are in this class

-caine ;local anesthetics

-cillin; antibiotic

-dine ;anti-ulcer ( H2 blocker )

-done; opioid analgesic

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-ide; oral hypoglycemics

-lam; antianxiety

-mide ;diuretic

-mycin ;antibiotic

-nium; neuromuscular blocking-olol; beta blocker

-oxacin ;antibiotic

-pam ;antianxiety

-pril ;A! inhibitor

-sone ;steroids

-statin ;cholesterol

-"ir; anti"iral

-#ide; diuretic

Ativan is the treatment of choice for status epilepticus

When using a bronchodilator inhaler inconjuction with a glucocorticoidinhaler, administer the bronchodilator rst

!heoph"lline increases the ris# of digo$in to$icit" and decreases thee%ects of lithium and Dilantin

&ntal, an inhaler used to treat allerg" induced asthma ma" cause

bronchospasm

&sonia'id causes peripheral neuritis

A$id, (antac, )epcid, are *+ receptor antagonist used to treat activeulcer disease

!agamet, Ne$ium, )revacid, are proton pump inhibitors

)eptic ulcers caused b" *pylori are treated with -lag"l, )rilosec and.ia$in !his treatment #ills bacteria and stops production of stomach

acid, but does not heal ulcer

)atients in the acute care setting are often given proton$ to preventstress ulcers

Ethambutol, isona'id, streptom"cin, and rifampin are rst/line drugs inthe treatment of !.

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0l"cop"rrolate 1 2obinul 3/t$ preanethestic agent, adjunct in pepticulcer disease therap", reverse neuromuscular bloc#ade 4 has less CN5e%ects than atropine Do not mi$ with barbituates or al#aline drugs

Atropine sulfate causes dr" mouth 6 decreases secretions, which iswh" it is given as a preanethestic

Atropine can cause constipation7 high ber foods and 8uids should beencouraged

&nterferons are used to treat hair" cell leu#emis, chronic m"elogenousleu#emia, melanoma, and 9aposi:s sarcoma

Antidote for digo$in is digibind

antidote for opiod analgesic is narcan

antidote for loveno$ is protamin sulfate and N; labs re5E? peripheral neuropath" 1administer p"rido$ine @it.3, rash, urticaria, and swelling of the face, lips, and e"elids

Carbama'epine 1!egretol3>preventionof sei'ures and relief of pain in

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trigeminal neuralgia !rigeminal neuralgia 1!ic douloureu$3 is anagoni'ing pain that ma" result in severe depression and suicide

Clonidine 1Catapres/!!53>a centrall" acting alpha/adrenergic for *!N75E? drowsiness, sedation, orthostatic h"potension, heart failure &f

patch used be cautious around microwaves results in burns, dispose ofcarefull", and heat will increase medication absorption leading toto$icit"Autologous blood>ma" give blood B wee#s before surger"7 can give +to units of blood7 ma" have to ta#e iron pills

CarbidopaLevodopa 15inemet3>used to treat s"mptoms of )ar#insonsdisease !a#e immediatel" before meals and high/protein meals ma"impair e%ectiveness of medication 2educes rigidit" and brad"#inesisand facilitates clients mobilit"

Do$"c"cline 1@ibram"cin3>a tetrac"cline ta#en at regular intervals butnot within F hour of bedtime because it ma" cause esophagealirritation Gse another method of birth control, do not ta#e antacidswithin F/H hours of ta#ing medication, and ma" cause photosensitivit"

Albuterol 1)roventil3>a bronchodilator5E? tremors, headache,h"peractivit", tach"cardia Gse rst before steroid medication so opensup bronchioles for steroid to get in Wait one minute between pu%s ofthe inhalers for best e%ect

.eclomethasone 1@anceril3>a steroid 5E? fungal infections, dr"

mouth, throat infections

!opiramate 1!opama$3>an anticonvulsant 5hould drin# +III/HIIImlof 8uid dail" to prevent #idne" stones 5ide e%ects? orthostatich"potension, ocular s"mptoms, blindness, and decrease e%ects ofhormonal contraceptives

Gabapentin (Neurontin)may impair vision. Changes in vision, concentration, or coordi- nation

should be reported to the physician. Gabap- entin should not be stopped abruptly because of the

potential for status epilepticus; this is a medication that must be tapered off.

)ropranolol 1&nderal3>a beta/bloc#er ma" mas# s"mptoms ofh"pogl"cemia

)hena'op"ridine 1)"ridium3>acts on urinar" tractmucosa to produceanalgesic or local anesthetic e%ects 5E? bright orange urine, "ellowishdiscoloration of s#in or sclera indicates drug accumulation due to renal

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impairment

!rimethoprim/sulfametho$a'ole 1.actrim3>most common 5E ? mild tomoderate rash 1urticaria3Aminogl"cosidesare ototo$ic

.utorphanol !artrate 15tadol3>analgesic for moderate severe pain7 5E?change in .), brad"cardia, respirator" depression

*allmar# signs of digo$in to$icit" blurred and double vision

0uaifenesincan cause drowsiness, so ct should avoid drivingJthat

re

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occluded arter"

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.enadr"lD;N! G5E 5LEE)&N0 )&LL 1avoid CN5 depressants tocould increase sedation3

#i"e-threatening rxn to 3 3#067#'2 8 chest tightness9bronchoconstriction9 angioedea9 hypoT2 anaphylaxis

Nurse to appl" sulfam"lon to burn injur"?

o Administer the )2N analgesic HImins before appl"ing 1for pain, bc itis painful3o Appl" p dail" tubbing 1to remove old previousl" applied cream3

o =onitor f6e 6 acid base balance

o 5ched wound care at least Fhr before meals 1time to recover3

!hromboc"topenia K platelet count TFBI,IIImicroleter

C"closporine 1Neoral3 mi$ the drug with mil#juice to increase

tastepalatabilit"

*e$achlorophene 1phisohe$3harmful for breastfeeding

2eview )ED5 calculations 1with #g3

0old salt therap" on rheumatoid arthritis

slows progression ofdisease

Gric acid should be monitored prior to and periodicall" throughout

therap" with thia'ides and related diuretics 1h"peruricemia is one ormore common 5E of thia'ides3

5imvastatin 1(ocor3 re

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2ifampin and &N*, ta#e together on empt" stomach for ma$imumabsorption

Administer *aldol and anti/)ar#inson medications at same time to

decrease ris# of e$trap"ramidal e%ects of the *aldol

When instructing a pt on how to hold a cane, it should be at the level ofthe greater trochanter and femur, on the good side

When administering an enema, position the pt in a left 5ims positionDo not elevate the head of bed

!innitus, most common s"mptom pts e$perience with inner eardisorders

Administering ear drops in a child, pull down and bac# on ear lobe&n adult, pull up and bac# on auricle &nstruct pt to #eep head up for FI/FB min after administering drops

An isolated warmer area in the middle of a cast could be indicative ofinfection

)@C:s are concerning of there are greater than per min, if the" occurin pairs, are multifocal, or if the fall on the ! wave

Niacin, used to treat h"perlipidemia

Antipar#inson drugs, monitor for urinar" retention, h"potension

5"nthroid 1for h"poth"roidism3, should onl" be given in the morningbecause of it:s ris# of causing insomnia if given at bedtime

*"perth"roidism 10rave:s Disease3///things speed up, monitor fortach"cardia, nervousness, insomnia, weight loss, bulging e"es, diarrea,sensitive to heat

*"poth"roidism 1="e$edma3//things slow down, weight gain,

constipation, decreased activit" level, brad"cardia

aniticholinergic 5E?can:t seecan:t peecan:t spitcan:t sh4t

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CushingsK h"pernatremia, h"pertension, increased blood vol,h"po#alemia, h"pergl"cemiaF )ro'ac, (oloft, )a$il/ t$ of depression

+ sodium nitroprusside/ shield from light wrap in foil

H cephalosporins/ C*EC9 -;2 ALLE20&E5 !; )EN&C&LL&N5 pt could beh"persensitive

pts receiving Lasi$ should be assessed for tinnitus and hearing loss

B anticoagulants cant dissolve a formed thrombus but t)As canAK appearance 1color all pin#, pin# and blue, blue PpaleQ3)K pulse 1FII, T FII, absent30K grimace 1cough, grimace, no response3

AK activit" 18e$ed, 8accid, limp32K respirations 1strong cr", wea# cr", absent3

F cardiac meds? /pineKcalcium channel bloc#ers/ololKbeta bloc#ers/prilKACE inhibitors/artanKangiotensin && receptor bloc#ers

+ No pee no 9M

H .efore treating .)*, must restore urinar" 8ow

5ign of to$ic ammonia levels is asteri$is 1hands 8apping3

B Diuretics? Lasi$ and .ume$ are 9M wasting Aldacton is 9M sparing

The adverse eects o" nti psychotics can be reeberedusing this: *;2%