DRUGS IN SPORT

BY:

PM. Dr. Anuar Suun

Dean Faculty of Sport Science & Recreation

UiTM Shah Alam

CONTENTS

1. What are drugs

2. Ethical Dilemma

3. Intern. Olympic Committee (IOC)

• Medical Commision

4. Definition of Doping

5. IOC Medical Commission List

I. Doping Classes

A. Stimulants

B. Narcotic Analgesic

C. Anabolic Agents

D. Diuretics

E. Peptide & Glycoprotein

Hormones & Analogues

II. Doping Methods

A. Blood Doping

B. Pharmacological

Chemical

Hormone

Physical Manipulation

III. Classes of Drugs

(Certain Restriction)

A. Alcohol

B. Marijuana

C. Local Anesthetics

D. Corticosteroids

E. Beta-Blockers

6. Drug Test Procedures

7. Reminders / Precautions

8. Conclusion

What Are Drugs

I. Pharmacologically

– Substances affect our body

– Physiological function (body trip)

– Psychological function (head trip)

II. Any substances used in medicine

– To cure

– Too alleviate disease

– Prevent

Note:

• Many ordinary products; coffee, tea, cocoa,

soft drinks, chocolate, alcohol contain chemical

subst.

Ethical Dilemma:

– Unfair advantage

– Clearly cheating

– Athletes at health risk

Why athlete take drugs?

–Pressure to win

–Huge financial reward

–Desire to be the best (world)

–Competitive character

–Psychological believe

Intern. Olympic Committee(Medical Commission)

I. Dop – a stimulant drink used in tribal

ceremonies in South Africa (18th

Century)

II. Dop – narcotic poison for racehorse ( English

Dictionary, 1889)

III. Dop – Maintenance of performance and

manipulation of the testing procedures

by the use of doping classes or method

I. Doping Classes

A. Stimulants

• Increase alertness

• Reduce Fatigue

• Increase competitiveness

• Increase hostility

• Loss of Judgement

i) Amphetamineii) Sympathomimetic amines.

ephedrine, pseudoephedrine.Phenyl propanolamine,

– Mental stimulation– Increase blood flow– Elevate BP.– Headache – Fast, irregular heart beat– Anxiety, Tremor

iii) Beta-2 agonist

(both stimulants & anabolic).

- Only salbutamol, formeterol and

salmeterol permitted

B. NarcoticsUsed to relieve pain

• Leads to respiratory depression• Physical & Psychological dependence

Example: Heroin (diamorphine) Morphine

Methadone Pethidine Pentazodine

Note

In some cough mixture:

CODEINE

Dextromethorphan are permitted

Diphenoxylat

Dihydrocodeine

C. Anabolic Agents

(i) Anababolic androgenic steroids (AAS)

• Testosterone & related, Nondrolone

• Increase muscle bulk & strength, stanozol

• Promote aggressiveness

• Affect : liver, skin, heart, kidney

• Can induce psychiatric problem

Male: testis size sperm count

Female: masculinization loss of breast tissue

diminished menser

Teenagers: stunt growth

(ii) Beta – 2 Agonist.

Powerful anabolic (muscle – building)• Salbutamatamol

• Terbutaline

D. DiureticsEliminates excess body Fluid & treatment of BPMisused by athletes.

• Quickly – reduce body weight• Diluting the Urine

Example : DiamoxLasixMannitolHydrochlorthiczib

E. Peptide & Glycoprotein

i. Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin – HCG increase androgenic steroids

ii. Corticotrophin (ACTH)iii. Growth Hormone: (Somatotrophic)

– Hypertension– Diabetes– Cardiomyopathy– Muscle Abnormalities– Acromegay

iv. Erythropoeitin (EPO)– Produce in kidney

II. Doping Methods

A. Blood Doping

Admin of blood, RBC & related.– Autologous transfusion

– Homologus transfusion

Risk – allergic reaction, fever, jaundice,transmission of infection circulation overload shock.

B. Pharmacological, Chemical and Physical

Manipulation

Used of substances and methods to change the integrity and validity of the Urine.

Example: Cathetherisation.

Urine substitution/ tampering– Inhibition of Urine

production Admin of Epitestosterone

III. Classes of Drugs (Subject to Certain Restriction)

A. Alcohol

B. Marijuana• Test for cannabonoids (Marijuana, Hashish)

C. Local Anaesthetics• Injection permitted:-

A. Bupivacaine, lignocaineprecsine (not cocaine)

B. Only local or intra – articular

C. Medically justified

D. Corticosteroids• Strong anti – inflammatory• Is banned except:

a. Topical used – ear, skin, eye. (but not rectal)

b. Inhalationc. Injection or Intraorticular

F. Beta – Blockers• Atenolol, Metoprolol, Proprandol

Permitted Drug in Sport

Asthma : Bricanyl, Ventolin (Inhaled)

Allergies/ cold: Clarityne, Hismanal,

Phenergan Polcramine

Pain : Aspirin, Feldene, Panadol,

Ponstan, Waprosyn, Orudis,

Synflex, Ubitaren, Cataflam

Muscle Relaxant : Beserol, Myonal,

Norgesic

Vomiting : Avormine, Maxolon

Cough/ Cold : Bisolvon, Benadryl,

Menthol inhalation

Drug Test Procedures

1. After an event, you will be notified

2. A chaperone will accompany – to drug control waiting room

3. Choose a sample collection fit

4. Need 80ml. Urine

5. Choose a pair of security transit container

6. Check & open the kits

7. Pour sample into A & B bottle

8. Close & reseal the kit

9. Drug control Officer will checks the Ph & specific gravity

10.Tag numbers on Drug Testing form

11.Declaration any medication

12.Check and sign the form

4 Important Principles

1. Be honest with athletes• Advantages

• Side effect of drugs

2. Health Education

3. Random, internationally verified, out – of –competition drug testing

4. Society’s attitude