Drugs & Diseases

7/24/2019 Drugs & Diseases

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Drug Name Type

Azidothymidine (AZT) thymidine analog

Didanosine adenosine analog

Acyclovir guanine analog

Tenofovir AMP analog lacks pentose ring

deoxycytidine analog

deoxyadenosine analog

cytidine analog

5azacytidine cytidine analog

5-fuorouracil - THYMINE !racil analog

azathioprine "#$A% purine analog

allopurinol - GOUT purine analog

adenosine & '" *+A#T purine (nucleoside slo,s heart rate

ciprofo!acin -!inolone inhi.its gyrase activity

nalidixic acid -!inolone

novo.iocin co!marin n/a

camptothecin n/a

etoposide n/a

actinomycin D 'treptomyces strain0 f!ng!s .inds tightly to dsD%A

gets phoshorylated ton!cleoside1 lacks 23 "*

gets phoshorylated ton!cleoside1 lacks 23 "*

open chain str!c instead of

pentose ring0 causing"ermina"ion o# DN$

rpln%converted to acyclovirtriphosphate .y thymidine

kinase

cytosine ara.inoside 4&y"ara'ine

!n!s!alplanarstr!cind!ces D%A damage

adenosine ara.inoside )idara'ine

!n!s!alplanarstr!cind!ces D%A damage

5aza3deoxycytidine 4Deci"a'ine

disr!pts epigenetic processof methylation1 has % atom

at 53 position of cytidine

disr!pts epigenetic processof methylation1 has % atom

at 53 position of cytidine

con*er"ed "o +dUM,%ini'i"s syn o# "ymine

nucleo"ides

meta.olized into 6

mercaptop!rine (a p!rine syninhi.itor)

lo,ers conversion of p!rinesto !ric acid end prod!cts(xanthine0 hypoxanthine)

.!ild!p of positive s!percoilsaro!nd rpln fork

prevents topoisomerase 7from religating D%A1 D%A

.reakage

prevents topoisomerase 77from religating D%A1

apoptosis


2/21

rifampin 'treptomyces strain0 f!ng!s

toxin .locks m#%A prod!ction

dip"eria "o!in .acterial exotoxin

s"rep"omycin - ./

macrolide s"ruc0 .inds to 89' ri.osome

n/a n/a

n/a .locks peptidyl transferase

p!romycin

#otenone :omplex 7 of +T:

Piericidin A :omplex 7 of +T:

Amytal :omplex 7 of +T:

Antimycin A :omplex 777 of +T:

:" :omplex 7; of +T: 7nhi.it :ytochrome "xidase

Azide :omplex 7; of +T: 7nhi.it :ytochrome "xidase

*ydrogen '!lphide :omplex 7; of +T: 7nhi.it :ytochrome "xidase

:yanide :omplex 7; of +T: 7nhi.it :ytochrome "xidase

"ligomycin :omplex ; of +T: 7nhi.its ATP 'ynthase

Atractyloside 7nhi.its ADP/ATP transport


3/21

D%P @nco!pler of ox phos Destroys Proton $radient

Aspirin @nco!pler of ox phos Destroys Proton $radient

Thermogenin (@:P) @nco!pler of ox phos Destroys Proton $radient

;alinomycin (ionophore) Destroys Proton $radient

$ramicidin (ionophore) Destroys Proton $radient

Mo.ile :arrier of B (polarinside0 nonpolar o!tside)

forms channel ,ithinmem.rane


4/21

Targe"s pro6eu7 Ini'i"ed En8yme Ini'i"ed &ell process

prok D%A rpln

prok D%A rpln

prok D%A rpln

prok D%A rpln

e!k DN$pol D%A rpln

e!k DN$pol D%A rpln

e!k D%A methyltransferase

e!k D%A methyltransferase

e!k "ymidyla"e inase D%A rpln

e!k p!rine syn enzymes D%A rpln

e!k !an"ine o!idase purine syn"esis

e!k n/a n/a

prok DN$ gyrase9 'ac D%A txn0 rpln

prok DN$ gyrase9 'ac D%A rpln

prok DN$ gyrase9 'ac D%A txn0 rpln

e!k topoisomerase 7 D%A txn0 rpln

e!k topoisomerase 77 D%A rpln

prok B e!k 2N$pol D%A txn0 rpln

reverse transcriptase0 #%Adependent D%Apol0 viral


DN$pol0 viral


D%A methylation0 geneexpression

D%A methylation0 geneexpression


5/21

prok 2N$pol D%A txn

e!k #%Apol 77 D%A txn

e!k $TPase #%A tln0 m#%A translocation

prok n/a #%A tln0 initiation

prok 89' ri.osome #%A tln0 elongation

prok 89' ri.osome #%A tln0 translocation

prok peptidyl transferase #%A tln0 elongation

e!k peptidyl transferase #%A tln0 elongation

prok B e!k aminoacylt#%A #%A tln0 elongation

insecticide

.acterial anti.iotic

anti.iotic

is a streptomyces anti.iotic

toxic glycoside from a plant has s!gar and noncar.

element

respiratory toxin prod!ced incocon!ts


6/21

is a streptomyces anti.iotic

protein in the mito of .ro,nadipose tiss!e in kids1

dissipation of *B gradientthat doesn3t go thro!gh ATPsynthase0 generates heat

activation of thermogenin d!eto hormone ind!ced release

of fatty acids fromtriglycerides in the .ro,n

tiss!e

make inner mem.ranepermea.le to compo!nds thatcant !s!ally cross increases

proton permea.ility

make inner mem.ranepermea.le to compo!nds thatcant !s!ally cross increases

proton permea.ility


7/21

$pplica"ions No"es

herpes (*';) treatment

treat *7; infection

an"i-cancer%

an"i-cancer

an"i-cancer

go!t treatment

an"i-cancer

anticancer

anticancer not !sed as an anti.iotic

targets retrovir!s replication(iCeC *7;)

=99299x anity for reversetranscriptase over D%Apol1minimal eEect on D%Apol

targets retrovir!s replication(iCeC *7;)

=99299x anity for reverse

transcriptase over D%Apol1minimal eEect on D%Apol

t!mor s!ppressor genesexpressed

t!mor s!ppressor genesexpressed

s!ppresses organtransplantation reFection

treat s!praventric!lartachycardia1 sleep reg!lation

(highG a,ake0 lo,G asleep)

!sed for respiratory0 @T70anthrax


8/21

t!.erc!losis treatment rifamycin family

from Death :ap m!shroom

anti.iotic

anti.iotic

anti.iotic

meningitis treatment

la. tool

no clinical !se

ca!sing intestinal pro.lemsinitially and later kidney andliver failt!re1 also contains

phalloidin .inds actin andinhi.its MT depolymerization

in liver cells

m#%A translocation .y$TPase .locked

not !sed .roadly1 may inhi.itmito ri.osomes

toxic to e!k1 prok andmitochondria not eEected

T"H7: to e!k I prok1 :Terminal p!romycin ca!sespeptide to fall o!t of Psite

Decrease ATP 'yn0 Decrease+T: I " cons!mption

Decrease ATP 'yn0 Decrease

+T: I " cons!mptionDecrease ATP 'yn0 Decrease

+T: I " cons!mption








9/21

Decrease ATP 'yn0 7ncrease+T: I " cons!mption



dissipates proton gradient Decrease ATP 'yn0 7ncrease

+T: I " cons!mption

dissipates proton gradient Decrease ATP 'yn0 7ncrease

+T: I " cons!mption


10/21

$lycogen 'torage Diseases

Type6Name En8yme $:ec"ed ,rimary Organ

Type 9 $lycogen 'ynthase iver

$6Phosphatase deJciency iver

skeletal I cardiac m!scle

liver0 m!scle

skeletal m!scle

liver

Type K liver0 m!scle

Type = ;an$ierkes3s

Type Pompe3sDisease

ysosomal L=0& I L=06gl!cosidase (acid matlase)deJciency

Type 2 :ori3s or?or.e3s (imitDextrinosis)

L=06 gl!cosidasede.ranching enzymedeJciency

liver0 skeletal I cardiacm!scle

Type & Andersen3sDisease

A.sence of .ranchingenzyme gl!cosyl &G6transferase

Type 5 McArdle3s'yndrome

A.sence of m!sclephosphorylase

Type 6 *er3sDisease

deJciency of liverphosphorylase

deJciency of liverphophorylase kinase


11/21

N

Mani#es"a"ions

like 6

hypoglycemia0 early death0hyperketonia

liver cells I renal t!.!le cells

loaded ,/glycogenC*ypoglycemia0 ketosis0hyperlipidemiaC idney fail!reI throm.ocyte dysf!nction

Acc!m!lation of glycogen inlysosomesC 7nfantile form Odeath .y 1 !venile form Omyopathy1 Ad!lt form Om!sc!lar dystrophyes-!e

Acc!m!lation of acharacteristic .ranchedpolysaccharideC 7nfanthepatomegaly0 myopathy

Acc!m!lation of apolysaccharide having fe,.ranch pointsC *epatomegaly0cirrhosisC Death d!e to cardiacor liver fail!re in =st year oflife

Diminshed exercise toleranceC

M!scles have high glycogencontent0 little or no lactate in.lood after exerciseC :ramps0pain0 myoglo.in!ria

*igh glycogen in liverC*epatomegaly0 mildhypooglycemia0hyperlipidemia0 ketosisC7mproves ,/age


12/21

Disease

:hagas

eishmaniasis

+diting $l!tamate #eceptor in


13/21

MO

#%A +diting via $!ide #%A/:omplex

#%A +diting via $!ide #%A/:omplex

$l!tamine to Arginine in m#%A altering :aB permea.ility via Adenosine Deaminase

Apo< $ene1 :ytidine Deaminase enters a stop codon (


14/21

Organism

Trypanosome

eishmania

T'+1 Transmissi.le 'pongiform +nephalopathy



massi*e li@uid secre"ion--


15/21

I glycogenolysisQhypoglycemia I Fa!ndice


16/21

Diseases

$!illain


17/21

MO

'ch,ann3s destroyed via large acc!m!lation of lymphocytes0 macrophages I plasma cells in Axon nerve

Myelin detached from axon and destroyed1 destr!ction of "ligodendrocytes

oss of Dopamine secreting cells in '!.stantia %igra I


18/21

O"er

Demyelinating1 loss of m!scle f!nction ascending motor paralysis

=C Myeling .reakdo,n1 C Proliferation of Astrocytes1 2C #ed!ced cell!larity

Treat ,/ Dopa

Arrest of ne!ral crest cell migration to = segment of distal colon0 +%' a.sent

Metaplastic cells are more prone to malignancy

can erode into peritoneal cavity Q peritonitis I if any .lood vessels near erosion site0 they3ll .e


19/21

Disease

Patent D!ct!s Arterios!s

:oarctation of Aorta

Ann!lar Pancreas

"mphacele

@m.ilical *ernia

$astroschisisMeckel3s Divertic!l!m

+r.3s Palsy :5/:6

l!mpke3s Palsy :K/T=

Acromioclavic!lar 'eparati

%!rsemaid3s +l.o,

Pott3s Disease

Ankylosing 'pondylitis


20/21

MO

?ail!re of T$?< ind!ction after .irthQdoesn3t closeQDo,n 'yndrome0 :oarctation o

+xtenions of D!ct!s Arterios!s m!scles into Aorta ca!sing pinchingQT!rner 'yndrome


21/21

1ide No"es

".stetrician/Motorcycle

".stetrician/:ervical #i.

fall on tip of sho!lder

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