Drugs and Consciousness Chapter 3, Lecture 5 “The urges you would feel if sober are the ones you...
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Transcript of Drugs and Consciousness Chapter 3, Lecture 5 “The urges you would feel if sober are the ones you...
![Page 1: Drugs and Consciousness Chapter 3, Lecture 5 “The urges you would feel if sober are the ones you will more likely act upon when intoxicated.” - David Myers.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f355503460f94c53b08/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Drugs and Drugs and ConsciousnessConsciousnessChapter 3, Lecture 5Chapter 3, Lecture 5
“The urges you would feel if sober are the onesyou will more likely act upon when intoxicated.”
- David Myers
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Drugs and Consciousness
Psychoactive Drug: A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood (affects
consciousness).
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Dependence & Addiction
Continued use of a psychoactive drug
produces tolerance. With repeated
exposure to a drug, the drug’s effect lessens. Thus it takes greater
quantities to get the desired effect.
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Withdrawal & Dependence1. Withdrawal: Upon stopping use of a
drug (after addiction), users may experience the undesirable effects of withdrawal.
2. Dependence: Absence of a drug may lead to a feeling of physical pain, intense cravings (physical dependence), and negative emotions (psychological dependence).“…behavior is often controlled more by its
immediate consequences than by its later ones.”- David Myers
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Misconceptions About Addiction
1. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt.
2. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily.
3. Addiction is no different than repetitive pleasure-seeking behaviors.
Addiction is a craving for a chemical substance, despite its adverse
consequences (physical & psychological).
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Psychoactive Drugs
Psychoactive drugs are divided into three groups.
1. Depressants 2. Stimulants3. Hallucinoge
ns
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Depressants
Depressants are drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. They include:
1. Alcohol 2. Barbiturat
es3. Opiates
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Depressants
1. Alcohol affects motor skills, judgment, and memory…and increases aggressiveness while reducing self awareness.
Drinking and Driving
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Depressants
2. Barbiturates: Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment. Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are some examples.
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Depressants
3. Opiates: Opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin) depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. They are highly addictive.
http://opioids.com/tim
eline
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StimulantsStimulants are drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. Examples of stimulants are:
1. Caffeine 2. Nicotine3. Cocaine4. Ecstasy5. Amphetamines6. Methamphetamines
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Caffeine & Nicotine
Caffeine and nicotine increase heart and breathing rates and other autonomic
functions to provide energy.
http://ww
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http://office.microsoft.com
/clipart
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Why Do People Smoke?
1. People smoke because it is socially rewarding.
2. Smoking is also a result of genetic factors.
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Why Do People Smoke?
3. Nicotine takes away unpleasant cravings (negative reinforcement) by triggering epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and endorphins.
4. Nicotine itself is rewarding (positive reinforcement).
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CocaineCocaine induces immediate euphoria followed by a
crash. Crack, a form of cocaine, can be smoked. Other forms of cocaine can be sniffed or injected.
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Ecstasy
Ecstasy or Methylenedioxymethamph
etamine (MDMA) is a stimulant and mild
hallucinogen. It produces a euphoric high and can
damage serotonin-producing neurons, which
results in a permanent deflation of mood and
impairment of memory.
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Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are psychedelic (mind-
manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory
input.
Ronald K
. Siegel
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Hallucinogens
1. LSD: (lysergic acid diethylamide) powerful hallucinogenic drug that is also known as acid.
2. THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol): is the major active ingredient in marijuana (hemp plant) that triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.
http://static.howstuffw
orks.comHemp Plant
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Drugs
Summary – p.123
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Influences on Drug UseThe graph below shows the percentage of US high- school seniors reporting their use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine from the
70s to the late 90s.
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Influences on Drug UseThe use of drugs is based on biological,
psychological, and social-cultural influences.
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Marijuana UseThe use of marijuana in teenagers is directly related to the “perceived risk” involved with
the drug.
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Influence for Drug Prevention and Treatment
1.Education about the long-term costs
2.Efforts to boost people’s self-esteem and purpose
3.Attempts to modify peer associations and teaching refusal skills
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After a close brush with death, many people report an
experience of moving through a dark tunnel with a light at the end. Under the influence of hallucinogens, others report bright lights at
the center of their field of vision.
Near-Death Experiences
(From “H
allucinations” by R.K
. Siegel. C
opyright ©
1977 Scientific A
merican, Inc. A
ll rights reserved.)
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Homework
“People rarely use drugs if they understand thephysical and psychological costs, feel goodabout themselves and the direction their livesare taking, and are in a peer group thatdisapproves of using drugs.”
- David Myers
AY Questions – p.107, 126(10 pts), Study!