Drugs 9 th grade Health. What are drugs? Drugs are substances that are used to treat or prevent...

Drugs9th grade Health

What are drugs? Drugs are substances that are used to treat

or prevent diseases. They are also used to relieve pains, to help control mental or physical ailments, and even to help diagnose illnesses.

Drug Vocab Tolerance

Body becomes accustomed to drug and causes the user to experience a need for more and more drug to achieve the desired effect or high.

Psychological Dependence A condition that occurs overtime and causes

user to believe that drug is needed in order to feel good or function normally.

Drug Vocab Physiological dependence

A user develops a chemical need for a drug. Symptoms of withdrawal occure when the effects of the drug wear off.

Symptoms can include nervousness, insomnia, headaches, vomiting, chills, and cramps.

Addiction A physiological or psychological dependence on

a drug.

Classification of Drugs Prescription Marijuana and THC Inhalants Steroids Psychoactive “Club Drugs” Stimulants Depressants

Marijuana and THC Marijuana is produced from the dried

leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant. The active ingredient is THC

(tetrahydrocannabinol) A fat-soluble drug Produces psychoactive effects of Marijuana Fat-soluble means that the drug will be

distributed to those areas of the body with high fat content.

Marijuana and THC THC stays in the body for several weeks

Why? Fat soluble areas of the body are:

Brain Lungs Reproductive System

A person who uses marijuana may be under itseffects several days later, even though the "hig

h” has worn off.

Marijuana and THC How it’s used

Smoked, Ingested or Taken as a Pill When smoked much more THC enters the bloodstream

It’s used to achieve a state of calmness or euphoria. Almost all users report a change in how they perceive

time. Larger doses may produce anxiety and feelings of

paranoia. Short term effects

Increase heart rate, reddening of eyes, talkativeness and giddiness

Some users may become quiet or reflective

Marijuana and THC Medical uses of THC

when made synthetically; Lessen nausea associated with Chemotherapy Help people with AIDS regain appetite Used to treat glaucoma

Glaucoma is the build up of pressure on the eyeball.

Marijuana and THC Effects on the Brain

Increases level of dopamine Dopamine produces a pleasurable feeling.

THC works by binding to specific receptors in the brain called "cannabinoid receptors," which are located throughout the following brain structures:

Cerebellum Hippocampus Cerebral Cortex Limbic System


Cerebellum By binding with the cannabinoid receptors THC interferes with the normal function of the

cerebellum, which controls balance, posture, and coordination.

Hippocampus THC activates cannibinoid receptors in the

hippocampus. effects memory by decreasing nerve cell activity in this area. Short-term

memory is the first to be affected.


Cerebral Cortex THC affects areas in the cerebral cortex that are responsible

for sensory perception. Sense of taste, sight, smell, hearing, and touch may be

altered. Limbic System

THC produces changes in the limbic system ( governs) our emotions.

These changes, which are most evident during withdrawal from THC, are similar to those observed after long-term use of cocaine, heroin, and alcohol.

Inhalants Are substances whose fumes are sniffed or

inhaled to give effect. Types of inhalants

Prescribed Inhalants Used to treat allergies, asthma, and other medical

conditions. Solvents, Aerosols, Glues, Paints, Gasolines

These if used can cause brain damage.

Inhalants Effects on the body

Depress the central nervous system Immediate effects

Glassy stare, Slurred Speech, Impaired Judgment, Nausea, Coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, and lack of coordination.

Can lead to permanent loss of Brain Damage Long Term effects

Liver and Kidney damage, Blindness, Brain damage, Paralysis, Cardiac Arrest and Death.

Inhalants All inhalants are extremely dangerous Many labeled as poisons Can be harmful even if you are not trying to abuse

them Can be accidentally inhaled when doing

household chores. When using inhalants work in well-ventilated room

and wear a mask when project requires long exposure to fumes.

Steroids Can be prescribed for medical purposes Anabolic- androgenic steroids

Synthetic substance similar to male sex hormones.

Anabolic refers to muscle building Androgenic refers to increased male

characteristics.

Steroids Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring male anabolic hormone (testosterone).

Anabolic means “to build” Androgenic means “masculinizing”

Steroids Testosterone is the primary male hormone

responsible for the development of masculine traits Androgenic effect triggers the maturing of the

male reproductive system. Anabolic effect helps body retain protein which

aids in development of muscles

ANABOLIC PROPERTY LURES ATHLETES!

Steroids How it’s used

Can be taken orally or injected. Injected steroids are broken down into additional

categories Long-Lasting Short-Lasting

Water-soluble injections

Steroids Who takes steroids?

Athletes, Men are stereotypically associated with steroids

Anyone who uses desires to look, perform or feel better regardless of danger

Steroids Health Hazards

Transmitting or contracting HIV and Hepatitis B through needles.

Side effects can occur long after you stop using Megadosing – using more than one type of

steroid at a time Effects can be irreversible body damage.

Steroids Physical Side effects

Male Feminization effect Decrease in normal sexual function Reduced sperm count Impotence Development of Breasts Shrinking of Testicles Difficulty or pain while urinating

Steroids Women

Experience Masculinization effect Facial Hair Growth Deepened Voice Breast Reduction Menstrual Cycle Change

Steroids Both Genders

Acne Bloated Appearance Rapid Weight Gain Clotting Disorders Liver Damage Premature Heart Attacks and Strokes Elevated Cholesterol levels Weakened Tendons

Steroids

Special Dangers to adolescents Steroids close growth centers in a kid’s bones Once growth plates are closed they cannot

reopen So adolescents may end up shorter than they

should have been

Steroids Addictive

Long-time steroid users may experience addiction through:

Cravings Difficulty in stopping Withdrawal Symptoms

STEROIDS DO NOT HELP IMPROVE SKILL, AGILITY OR CARDIOVASCULAR CAPACITY!

Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect the function of the

central nervous system and alter brain activity. Four main groups

Hallucinogens Opiates Stimulants Depressants

Psychoactive Drugs Some have medicinal value When misused and abused an individual’s

health is seriously affected. Effects on TEEN’s developing brain and body

especially damaging

Psychoactive Drugs Consequences of psychoactive drugs

Poor judgement and behaviors Unintentional injuries Violence STDs Unintended pregnancy Suicide

Psychoactive Drugs Hallucinogens

category of drugs that affect the brain in such a way that a person’s perceptions -- meaning their sights, sounds, feelings, and how they judge time -- become very different and unreal.

Can cause changes with emotions, memory and judgement.

Psychoactive Drugs LSD (Hallucinogen)

Also known as acid, doses, trips, tabs, hits, sunshine, window pane, sugar cubes, microdot

is a very powerful drug made with a chemical found in a fungus -- that grows on grains.


It was originally developed as a treatment for mental patients, but doctors soon learned that it was too unpredictable to be useful. In the 1960’s, many people took LSD because they believed the drug “expanded the mind.” LSD is usually found as pieces of thin paper sprayed with the drug, which are eaten, or in liquid or gelatin form.

Psychoactive Drugs - LSDSide Effects

Changes in personality and mood Mood swings Hallucinations Delusions Intense fear Confused senses, like “seeing sounds” and “hearing colors” Dilated pupils Increased body temperature Sweating Loss of appetite Sleeplessness Dry mouth Tremors


Health Risks Increased heart rate and blood pressure Long lasting mental problems, like schizophrenia

or depression


Problems with using Scary hallucinations can make people panic,

which can lead them into dangerous situations. LSD “flashbacks” are very common, with the

drug’s effects returning without warning from a few days to a year later.

Users develop tolerance, meaning that they eventually need more and more of the drug to get the same effect.

Psychoactive Drugs Opiates

which means that it comes from a flower called the opium poppy.

Opiates are used in hospitals as painkillers for patients in serious pain from injury, surgery, or illness; morphine is another opiate that you might see used for medical purposes.

Psychoactive Drugs Heroin (Opiate)

is a brown or white powder that is sometimes snorted or smoked. Most of the time, users turn it into a liquid and inject the drug into their veins with a needle.

Psychoactive Drugs Heroin (Opiates)

Side effects Euphoria, a “rush” of well-being Reduced pain Dry mouth Droopy eyelids and smaller pupils Flushed skin Heavy arms and legs Slow thinking and movement Slow and slurred speech Periods of sleepiness, sometimes called “the nod” Vomiting Constipation Considered to be the MOST ADDICTIVE DRUG

Psychoactive Drugs Heroin (Opiates)

Health Risks Collapsed veins Heart infections Pneumonia Death from overdose

Psychoactive Drugs Heroin (opiate)

Problems with Using Heroin is one of the most physically addictive drugs in the

world, and breaking the addiction can be very difficult. Users develop tolerance, meaning that they eventually need

more and more of the drug to get the same effect. Because heroin can be expensive, users often turn to crime

to get drug money. Sharing needles can lead to infectious diseases, including

hepatitis and AIDS.

Psychoactive Drugs Heroin (Opiate)

Problems with using Quitting the drug or “kicking the habit” can lead to

bad withdrawal symptoms, including pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, cold flashes, and an incredible craving to return to the drug.

Quitting suddenly, called “going cold turkey,” can lead to death in long-term addicts in bad health.

Psychoactive Drugs Stimulants

are a class of drugs that elevate mood, increase feelings of well-being, and increase energy and alertness.

often produce a feeling of euphoria in users. Examples are caffeine, amphetamines,

methamphetamines and cocaine.

Psychoactive Drugs Cocaine (Stimulants)

is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain

The pure chemical, cocaine hydrochloride, has been an abused substance for more than 100 years, and coca leaves, the source of cocaine, have been ingested for thousands of years

Effects Dopamine in your brain!

Psychoactive Drugs Cocaine (stimulant)

Pure cocaine was first extracted from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which grows primarily in Peru and Bolivia, in the mid-19th century. In the early 1900s, it became the main stimulant drug used in most of the tonics/elixirs that were developed to treat a wide variety of illnesses

Psychoactive Drugs Cocaine (stimulants)

How it’s used In powder form it can be snorted or dissolved into water and

injected Crack is cocaine that has not been neutralized by an acid to

make the hydrochloride salt. This form of cocaine comes in a rock crystal that can be heated and its vapors smoked. The term “crack” refers to the crackling sound heard when it is heated

FASTER ABSORPTION MORE INTENSIFIED HIGH!


Short Term Effects Euphoric Energetic Talkative Mentally alert Senses especially alert Decrease need for food or sleep Constricted blood vessels Dilated pupils Increased temperature Increased heart rate and blood pressure

Psychoactive Drugs Cocaine (stimulants)

Long Term effects Irritability Restlessness Paranoia Lead to paranoid psychosis

the individual loses touch with reality and experiences auditory hallucinations


Problems with using Dependence and addiction Cardiovascular problems, including irregular heartbeat,

heart attack, and heart failure Neurological incidents, including strokes, seizures, fungal

brain infections, and hemorrhaging in tissue surrounding the brain

Pulmonary effects, such as fluid in the lungs, aggravation of asthma and other lung disorders, and respiratory failure

Psychiatric complications, including psychosis, paranoia, depression, anxiety disorders, and delusions


Problems with using Increased risk of traumatic injury from accidents and

aggressive, violent, or criminal behavior Other effects include: sleeplessness, sexual dysfunction,

diminished sense of smell, perforated nasal septum, nausea, and headaches.

Crack users often singe eyebrows or eyelashes with the flame of matches or lighters. They also burn fingertips and other body parts from contact with superheated vessels (e.g., glass pipes).


Problems with using Fetal cocaine effects include premature separation of the

placenta, spontaneous abortion, premature labor, low birthweight and head circumference at birth, greater chance of visual impairment, mental retardation, genitourinary malformations, and greater chance of developmental problems.

For intravenous (IV) cocaine users, there is increased risk of hepatitis, HIV infection, and endocarditis.

For addicts, whether they smoke, inject, or snort, promiscuous sexual activity can increase the risk of HIV infection

Psychoactive Drugs Depressants

drugs that sedate by acting on the central nervous system.

relieve anxiety and produce sleep. reduce mental or physical activity.

Examples; barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol

Psychoactive Drugs Depressants

Medical Uses Help treat anxiety, insomnia, tension, muscle

spasms, and irritability.

Psychoactive Drugs Alcohol (depressants)

Is a depressant that slows the central nervous system.

Ethanol – is the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages

Can be produced synthetically or naturally by fermenting fruits, veggies, and grains.

Fermentation is the chemical action of yeast on sugars.

Water and minerals mixed to create beverages.

Psychoactive Drugs Alcohol (Depressants)

If a person consumes to much alcohol a person will become INTOXICATED!

Intoxication – is a state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and a person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced.

ALCOHOL stays in a person’s system until body can metabolize or break it down!

Psychoactive Drugs Alcohol (depressants)

Factors that influence the effects of alcohol are: Body Size – smaller person faster that larger Gender – generally moves faster in blood in

females. Food – food in the stomach slows down the

passage of alcohol in bloodstream. Rate of intake – if a person drinks faster than the

liver can break it down Amount – more intake more in bloodstream. Medicine – can heighten effect of alcohol


Short term effects of alcohol Memory is disorganized Judgement and control Movement, speech, and vision Risk of stroke Increase Heart rate and blood pressure Stomach acid production and can cause nausea

and vomiting.


Long – Term effects Damage to brain cells and reduction in brain size. Stroke and Heart Attack Buildup of fat cells in liver that can lead to cell

death. Damage to digestive lining of the stomach causing

ulcers and cancer of the stomach Destruction of pancreas


Long Term effects Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Addiction

Drugs 9 th grade Health. What are drugs? Drugs are substances that are used to treat or prevent...

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Transcript of Drugs 9 th grade Health. What are drugs? Drugs are substances that are used to treat or prevent...