Drug Addiction docx

30
Contents Sr # Topic Page# 1 Acknowledgment 1 2 Survey method 2 to 4 3 Research method 5 to 6 4 Hypothesis 7 5 Intro to topic 8 to 10 6 Questionnaire 11 7 Demographic variable 13 8 Analysis of data 14

Transcript of Drug Addiction docx

Page 1: Drug Addiction docx

Contents

Sr# Topic Page#

1 Acknowledgment 12 Survey method 2 to 43 Research method 5 to 64 Hypothesis 75 Intro to topic 8 to 106 Questionnaire 117 Demographic variable 138 Analysis of data 149 Result 1510 Conclusion 1611 Suggestion 1712 References 18

Page 2: Drug Addiction docx

 

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to our teacher who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic “Drug Addiction”, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to know about so many new things. I am really thankful to her.Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

Page 3: Drug Addiction docx

Survey MethodDefinition:- A field of applied statistics of human research surveys, survey methodology studies the sampling of individual units from a population and the associated survey data collection techniques, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys.

Key points of effective survey:

measurable survey objectives sound research design effective survey question design sound sampling strategy, when

needed effective survey response strategy meaningful data summary Effective data display and reporting.

Steps in survey Method:

1. Selection of the problem: A problem is selected from a society to conduct a survey on.

2. Questionnaire about the problem: A questionnaire is prepared, which is basically based on a questions about the problem chosen.Two types of questions are asked in a questionnaire:

Open ended questions: person respond in an elaborative way.Close ended questions: Answer in “yes” or “no”.

3. Sampling and population: Selecting a group of people as sample from a population.

Page 4: Drug Addiction docx

Population: A research population is also known as a well-defined collection of individuals or objects known to have similar characteristics. All individuals or objects within a certain population usually have a common, binding characteristic or trait.Sample: Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people, organizations) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen.

4. Method of Measurement: In this step it is decided how the questionnaire be sent to the subjects whether by meeting them individually or by posting. It also needs to describe the instructions and materials to be used and to outline the procedure that the subjects followed very clearly.

5. Analysis of data: The people who collect the data from the subjects are trained about using different equipment relating to the survey, after gathering the information; it is classified by statistical methods. Classification of the data is then analyzed. A brief description of the statistical methods used also needs to be given.

6. Results or Reports Writing: In this last step it is clearly described whether the hypothesis on which the survey was conducted was verified or rejected. Raw data gathered by the survey should be organized with the help of tables, diagrams, bar charts and so on. Results are drawn from this data and the solution is suggested by analyzing the findings.

Advantages:

Relatively easy to administer Can be developed in less time (compared to other data-collection methods) Cost-effective, but cost depends on survey mode Can be administered remotely via online, mobile devices, mail, email, kiosk,

or telephone. Conducted remotely can reduce or prevent geographical dependence Capable of collecting data from a large number of respondents

Page 5: Drug Addiction docx

Numerous questions can be asked about a subject, giving extensive flexibility in data analysis

With survey software, advanced statistical techniques can be utilized to analyze survey data to determine validity, reliability, and statistical significance, including the ability to analyze multiple variables

A broad range of data can be collected (e.g., attitudes, opinions, beliefs, values, behavior, factual).

Standardized surveys are relatively free from several types of errors

Disadvantages:

Respondents may not feel encouraged to provide accurate, honest answers Respondents may not feel comfortable providing answers that present

themselves in an unfavorable manner. Respondents may not be fully aware of their reasons for any given answer

because of lack of memory on the subject, or even boredom. Surveys with closed-ended questions may have a lower validity rate than

other question types. Data errors due to question non-responses may exist. The number of

respondents who choose to respond to a survey question may be different from those who chose not to respond, thus creating bias.

Survey question answer options could lead to unclear data because certain answer options may be interpreted differently by respondents. For example, the answer option “somewhat agree” may represent different things to different subjects, and have its own meaning to each individual respondent. ‘Yes’ or ‘no’ answer options can also be problematic. Respondents may answer “no” if the option “only once” is not available.

Customized surveys can run the risk of containing certain types of errors.

o

Page 6: Drug Addiction docx

Research Methodology Research:-

The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions, is called research.

Methodology:-

A set of methods, rules, or ideas that are important in a science or art, is called methodology.

Research Methodology:-

Research Methodology is a way to find out the result of a given problem on a specific matter or problem that is also referred as research problem.

Characteristics of researchCharacteristics of Research.

1. Empirical - based on observations and experimentation on theories.2. Systematic - follows orderly and sequential procedure.3. Controlled - all variables except those that are tested/experimented upon are

kept constant.4. Employs hypothesis - guides the investigation process5. Analytical - There is critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error

in their interpretation6. Objective, Unbiased, & Logical - all findings are logically based on

empirical7. Employs quantitative or statistical methods - data are transformed into

numerical measures and are treated statistically8. Original work9. Done by an expert - the researcher uses valid and carefully designed

procedures, valid data gather for10.Must be patient and unhurried activity - to ensure accuracy

Page 7: Drug Addiction docx

11.Require effort-making capacity12.Requires courage13.Has logical roots that help to establish facts or principles14.Answers all type of questions15.Question sharing16.problem set17.thesis

Types of research methods

1. Observational method:-

Observational Methods in psychological research entail the observation and description of a subject's behavior. Researchers utilizing the observational method can exert varying amounts of control over the environment in which the observation takes place.

2. Clinical method:-

The clinical method is the scientific method applied to the care of a patient. Dear Editor: We carefully read the interesting Richard Smith editorial “Doctors.

3. Survey method:-

A field of applied statistics of human research surveys, survey methodology studies the sampling of individual units from a population and the associated survey data collection techniques, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys.

4. Experimental method:-

It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally, one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable.

5. Interview method:-

Interview is the verbal conversation between two people with the objective of collecting relevant information for the purpose of research.

Page 8: Drug Addiction docx

Hypothesis

“Drug addiction is more common in upper class than lower class”

Page 9: Drug Addiction docx

Drug Addiction

Drug addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the drug addict and those around them. Drug addiction is a brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain.

Causes of drug addiction:

It is likely multiple factors lead to drug addiction in any given person. Some drug addicts also identify drug use and ignorance as a cause of drug addiction. Often, if a person is dealing with pain-management issues, the drug they receive, like oxycodone, can be very addictive. The ignorance of the drug's addiction potential, along with the physical pain of the condition, becomes a cause of drug addiction.

Psychological Causes of Drug Addiction

While biological causes of drug addiction have been suggested, many people still believe psychological factors comprise the bulk of what causes drug addiction. Some of the psychological causes of drug addiction appear to stem from trauma, often when the drug addict is young. Sexual or physical abuse, neglect, or chaos in the home can all lead to psychological stress, which people attempt to "self-medicate" (decrease the stress's pain through drug use). This self-medication becomes a cause of drug addiction.

Other psychological causes of drug addiction include:

A mental illness such as depressionInability to connect with others, lack of friendsPoor performance at work or schoolPoor stress coping skills

Page 10: Drug Addiction docx

Environmental Causes of Drug AddictionA person's environment can be part of what causes drug addiction. Drug addiction is more common in environments where drug abuse is seen or where it's seen as permissible. Children who grow up in homes with drug addicts often become drug addicts themselves.Because most drug use starts in adolescence (read: teenage drug abuse). Those with inattentive, abusive or neglectful parents are more prone to drug abuse. One cause of drug addiction can be the combination of drug experimentation with the lack of parental oversight.

Other environmental factors that can be causes of drug abuse include:

Participation in a sport where performance-enhancing drugs are encouragedA peer group that uses or promotes drug usePeople of lower socioeconomic status are at greater risk of drug addictionGender and ethnicity contribute to addiction of some drugs

Genetic Causes of Drug AddictionDrug addiction tends to run in families, indicating genetics may have a role in causing drug addiction. In fact, in studies of twins it appears half of someone's risk of becoming addicted to drugs is genetic.2 Genetic causes of drug addiction appear to involve multiple gene sequences and science has not yet been able to pinpoint all the genes involved. However, it is known some genes, like those involved in brain receptors of nicotine, contribute to the cause of drug addiction.

Disadvantages of drugs

We all know drugs as one of the most important tools for fighting diseases but the disadvantages of drugs should be clearly understood if we are to ensure that we use it responsibly. For this, it is important to define drugs in the context of something that is ingested by the patient to achieve a certain pleasurable or disease-mitigating effect. Holistically, the definition of drugs should not only be limited to artificial pills and syrup sold or store shelves or the prohibited illegal drugs that are well known to cause serious complications; even those that come from natural and organic sources must also be considered as drugs and as such should be taken in moderation.

Page 11: Drug Addiction docx

There are multiple reasons for this caution to take drugs in moderation. Think about it; even the most delicious tiramisu has its fair share of side effects.

Drugs are designed to alter normal body chemistry. As such, they are likely to cause side effects that range from annoying to downright serious. In an Africa safari, introducing tourists into the habitat of animals alter their behavior ever so slightly disturbing what is normal and commonplace. Drugs work in much the same way; side effects that arise from drug use can lead to other conditions that may also give rise to other serious conditions so moderation and sticking to a prescription is key. Common examples include nausea, vomiting, an upset stomach, skin irritation and the likes.In many cases, clinical strength drugs are made from synthetic chemicals which are otherwise not present in the body. It’s like finding a jackleg drill in the toolkit of an architect; it’s out of place and unwanted despite its usefulness. Clinical strength artificial chemicals in the body can upset body chemistry, alter the way the body functions, and introduce foreign substances that may not only lead to adverse reactions but may also cause mutations which can give rise to other diseases.Drugs create a certain level of dependency. If one earns from a mogl scam, he is likely to come back to it despite its known negative effects. Drugs work in much the same way. An acquired dependency can lead to a vicious cycle of drug use that may become unregulated over time. Even substances like coffee and soda, which are the most ubiquitous of consumer products, have caffeine that can lead to substance dependency. In the case of drugs which are clinical strength, the dependency can develop much faster. Limiting the dosage on all levels, and unless otherwise prescribed, is paramount to responsible drug use.

The ultimate truth about drugs is that all drugs have side effects, and that regular usage can lead to a dependency. If one can be addicted to a task like finding contractor leads or reading through the dentist directory – mundane, but are nonetheless true and documented addictions – how much more can one stay away from drugs which are taken into one’s system? Drugs have many disadvantages and we should all be wary with every use.

Page 12: Drug Addiction docx
Page 13: Drug Addiction docx

: Questionnaire:

Page 14: Drug Addiction docx

Demographic variable

Gender Male Female

Occupation Student, Teacher and Doctor

Student

Age 19 to 47 17 to 20

Frequency 15 5

Page 15: Drug Addiction docx

Analysis of Data

Q# Agree Disagree Yes % No % Result1 17 3 85% 15% Approved 2 13 7 65% 35% Approved

3 14 6 70% 30% Approved 4 14 6 70% 30% Approved 5 12 8 60% 40% Approved 6 7 13 35% 65% Disapproved 7 15 5 75% 25% Approved 8 18 2 90% 10% Approved 9 10 10 50% 50% Neutral 10 14 6 70% 30% Approved

11 14 6 70% 30% Approved 12 14 6 70% 30% Approved 13 13 7 65% 35% Approved 14 15 5 75% 25% Approved 15 10 10 50% 50% Neutral 16 9 11 45% 55% Disapproved 17 9 11 45% 55% Disapproved 18 20 0 100% 0% Approved 19 13 7 65% 35% Approved 20 9 11 45% 55% Disapproved

Page 16: Drug Addiction docx
Page 17: Drug Addiction docx

On the basis of results shown by answers of the questions asked in the survey, our hypothesis by 70% approved, 20% disapproved and we received 10% neutral response.

The result is shown in the chart below:

Result

70% Approved20% Disapproved10% Neutral

Page 18: Drug Addiction docx

we conducted a surveu to prove whether or not our hypothesis is correct,we took a questionnaire of 20 questions and asked 20 different people to answer those questions.the whole purpose of this process was to take their opinion on the matter of drug addiction so we can check if our hypothesis is correct or not.After this process we analyzed the data and came to know that people agree 70% with us , disagree 20% and 10% gave us neutral results.

Seeing that rate of agreement(70%) is greather than the rate of disagreement(20%)

and rate of neutral results(10%), we have come to the conclusion thatn our

hypothesis is “correct”.

Page 19: Drug Addiction docx
Page 20: Drug Addiction docx

Suggestions

Following are some suggestions that we would like to make:

1. Parents should keep an eye on their children to stop them from going to the wrong path.

2. Parents should try that their relationship must never affect their child.3. Parents must never ignore their children 4. People should try to adopt healthy methods to tackle the problem of

depression.eg help of a psychological expert.5. Parents must check what type of friends their children have.6. Parents must not insult their children in a way that it breaks their heart and

lead them to addiction.7. Education must be provided to every person in order to tackle drug addiction8. Government must take some necessary step to stop drug addiction.

Page 21: Drug Addiction docx

References

http://www.academia.edu/5563491/Research_Population

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampling.php

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey_methodology

http://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-surveys/

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/methodology

http://www.howtodo.dissertationhelpservice.com/what-is-research-methodology-and-its-importance/

https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Characteristics_of_research

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_methods_in_psychology

https://explorable.com/experimental-research

http://www.studylecturenotes.com/social-research-methodology/what-is-interview-method-definition-objectives-1

http://www.healthyplace.com/addictions/drug-addiction/causes-of-drug-addiction-what-causes-drug-addiction/

http://dialogoregionalrural.org/disadvantages-of-drugs.htm