Droughts Floods Climate Change

8/3/2019 Droughts Floods Climate Change

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Climate Change

Floods and Droughts

Alyssa Corrigan


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Climate Change

Climate change is when the climate is altered over

time for a long time as a result of human or natural

influences. There are many examples of effects of climate

change such as a rise in sea level during the past century

from four to eight inches, an increase in precipitation by

approximately one percent, changes in the ecosystem

altering the amount of snow in the north, a rise from five to

ten percent in rainfall, and summers becoming increasingly

dry while ice in the Artic Ocean decreases. Climate change

can bring positive changes, such as its effect on extendingthe growing season in areas with short seasons, but whenchange comes quickly, living systems dont have time to

adapt.


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Global Warming

Global warming is the increase of the Earths surface

median temperature over time. Since late in the 19th century the

average global surface temperature has gone up .5F and during

the 20th century, surface temperatures grew by about 1F.

Predictions for the next 100 years are for a 2.7-8

degree F increase, depending on how much fossil

fuels are burned and forest systems are removed.

An increase in greenhouse gasses is the cause of globalwarming. Some effects include: an increase in sea level,difficulties in agriculture, change in rainfall, and changes in the

ecosystem which will cause animals and plants to have to adapt

or perish.


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Global Temperatures

Graph


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The Effect on Floods

Higher surface temperatures and changes in precipitation cause

floods in some places, and droughts in others. floods.

A rise in sea level (explained on next slide) and severe rain are

two causes of floods.

Long term changes in the hydrological cycle (the flow of water

throughout Earth) due to higher temperatures (more

evaporation; melting of ice, more intense rain fall) contribute to

more floods.

More water vapor in the atmosphere, because the atmosphere

is heating up, can cause floods to happen more regularly.


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Floods ContinuedSea level rising will

also contribute to morefloods. The sea level ispredicted to go up fromfour inches to threefeet. Sea level riseswhen the water warms

and increases inamount, or whenglaciers and ice melt.As the glaciers and iceturn into water the sealevel increases and

floods could start tolast for a longeramount of time andhappen morefrequently.


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The Hydrological Cycle


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Examples and Predictions

of FloodingThere are predictions that as a result of climate change

there will be a large increase in famine by 2050 of 30 million

people going hungry because of less crops caused by flooding.One country that suffers from flooding because of climate

change is Bangladesh. They experienced major flooding in

1998 in which two thirds of the country was underwater.

There are predictions for this to become worse with more

constant flooding and more of the country underwater by2100 if it continues the same way. Many coastal cities would

be affected, including Manhattan, San Francisco, New

Orleans, and Miami, and cities around the world including

highly populated ones like Shanghai.


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The Effect on Droughts

There will also be more droughts as a result of global

warming and climate change. The period of time during which

droughts last will also be increased. The changing in the hydrologic

cycle cause changes in precipitation. Some places get wetter, other

drier. When there is a build up of water vapor in the atmosphere

because the atmosphere is heating up, or very sudden changes inclimate, droughts happen more regularly.


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Precipitation Graph

This graph shows that heavy times of

precipitation have been rising steadily over

time but not frequent precipitation.


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Examples and Predictions

of Droughts

Droughts, like floods, could also cause famine because

they ruin crops. An example of droughts as a result of climate

change are the droughts in Africa. For example at the base of

Mount Kilimanjaro there is becoming a very limited water supply.

Africa is also very sensitive to any temperature change, which

causes droughts to come more easily. In February and March,

2005, there were droughts in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,

Zambia, and Namibia. The droughts lasted for about four to eightweeks.


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Map of Droughts


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Droughts Floods Climate Change

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