DROUGHT IMPACT ON HUMANITARIAN SITUATION IN FAFAN … · 2020. 4. 30. · 2. KEY MESSAGE Drought,...

DROUGHT IMPACT ON HUMANITARIAN SITUATION IN FAFAN ZONE

ETHIOPIAN SOMALI REGION

MULTI-SECTOR RAPID ASSESSMENT REPORT

Januar

y 2016

Multi-Sector Rapid Assessment Report

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Contents LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................................... 2

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................ 2

1. Back Ground ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

2. KEY MESSAGE ................................................................................................................................................ 3

3. SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

4. Drivers of the crisis and underlying factors .................................................................................................. 4

5. Scope of the crisis and humanitarian profile ................................................................................................ 5

6. Status of populations living in affected areas ............................................................................................... 6

6.1 WASH ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.2. Livelihoods and food security ..................................................................................................................... 7

6.2.1. Crop Condition of the Zone .................................................................................................................. 7

6.2.2. Livestock Condition of the Zone .................................................................................................... 9

6.2.2.1. Pasture, Water, Body Condition and herd mobility in the zone ......................................... 9

6.2.3. Livestock Productivity ................................................................................................................. 11

6.2.4 Livestock Health Condition ........................................................................................................ 12

6.2.5. Impact of the Drought on Women and Children .................................................................. 14

6.2.6. Market and ToT condition of the Zone ..................................................................................... 14

6.2.7. Terms of Trade ( ToT) .................................................................................................................... 15

6.3. Health and Nutrition ..................................................................................................................................... 15

6.3.1. Challenges ....................................................................................................................................... 16

6.4. Education ............................................................................................................................................................ 16

7. Capacity, Coping Mechanism, and Response ............................................................................................. 18

7. 1. WASH .................................................................................................................................................. 18

7.2. Livelihood and Food Security ...................................................................................................... 20

7.3. Health and Nutrition ..................................................................................................................... 21

7.4. Education .......................................................................................................................................... 21

8. Humanitarian Priorities ................................................................................................................................... 22

8.1. WASH ............................................................................................................................................... 22

8.2. Livelihoods and Food Security .................................................................................................... 23

8.3. Health and Nutrition ..................................................................................................................... 23

8.4. Woreda –based priority ............................................................................................................... 23

8.5. SECONDARY priorities ............................................................................................................... 24

8.5.1. Livelihoods and Food Security ........................................................................................... 24

8.5.2. WASH ...................................................................................................................................... 24

8.5.3. Health and Nutrition ............................................................................................................ 24

8.5.4. Education ................................................................................................................................. 24

9. ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................................... 26

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Drought-Affected Kabeles/Sub Kabeles with Water Shortage ........................................................ 5

Table 2 : Kebeles affected by the drought and Kebeles at risk of drought in the zone ............................. 9

Table 3 : Description of Livestock mobility of the zone due to the drought ............................................ 11

Table 4: Animal health status and suspected livestock disease in the zone .............................................. 13

Table 5: Top five causes of morbidity in less than 5 years Children September-November, 2015 ..... 15

Table 6 : Number of functional, partially functional and closed schools in the zone due to drought .. 17

Table 7: Number of Closed schools and students drop out in the zone due to drought ....................... 17

Table 8 : Number of students drop out due to emergency from partially functioning schools ............ 18

Table 9 :Relief food and PSNP benefices ............................................................................................................. 20

Table 10 : Numbers of teachers, educational level and their current status ............................................. 22

Table 11 : Number of students benefiting from School Feeding program (SFP) ...................................... 22

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Map of the assessed areas of Fafan Zone ............................................................................................ 3

Figure 2: Population with water shortage in the zone due to the drought ................................................... 6

Figure 3 : Expected harvest versus actual harvest of crops in the zone ....................................................... 8

Figure 4 : Expected, Actual and residue gap analysis of the zone ................................................................. 10

Figure 5 : Map of Livestock migration route and concentration areas ........................................................ 12

Figure 6: Number of SAM cases in the zone ....................................................................................................... 16

Figure 7 : Description of water resources in the zone .................................................................................... 18

Figure 8 : Figure: Functional and non-functional Boreholes ............................................................................ 19

Figure 9 : Number of Health Professionals in the zone .................................................................................. 21

Figure 10: Heath Facilities in Fafan Zone ............................................................................................................ 21


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1. Background

Figure 1: Map of the assessed areas of Fafan Zone

2. KEY MESSAGE

Drought, worsened by El Nino effects, is having a devastating impact in Fafan Zone.

Approximately 110,331 (out of total 1,187,022) population are affected as they are

facing water shortage.

FIRST priorities for humanitarian intervention to save lives and reduce morbidity in

Fafan Zone are urgently needed on: 1) WASH; 2) Food and Livelihoods; 3) Health and

Nutrition.

Harshin, Kabribayah, Awbare and Babile Woredas are most vulnerable and worst

affected by drought.

3. SUMMARY

A multi-sector rapid assessment team deployed to Awbare, Gursum, Babile, Kabribayah,

Harshin, and Jijiga Woredas on 29 December 2015 – 5 January 2016 to capture

humanitarian situation, needs and priorities following the report of the Regional Disaster

4

Prevention and Preparedness Bureau for Somali Region (RDPPB) on drought emergency

in Fafan Zone.

Drought has severely impacted 110,331 population living in 58 communities / sub kabeles

across six woredas, particularly experiencing limited access to water. Population is mostly

relying on ponds and birka as water source for household and livestock daily consumption.

Crop failure has led to situation of food security, as well as seed (for upcoming plantation

season) and feed (for livestock animal) security. Tuliguleed is identified with the biggest

food gap amongst other woredas. Some pastoralist community are transmigrating to

neighboring areas in search of water and pasture. Movement of people with their livestock

also causes more burden on women and children as they are fetching and driving animals

to pasture and water points.

No disease outbreak is reported. However, diarrhea (to under-five children), pneumonia,

UTI, URTI are the top five diseases being reported. The deterioriting food security

situation has resulted in the widespread of malnutrition to under-five children and adult

(pregnant/lactating women) across the woredas.

The transmigration of some pastoralist communities – in search of water and pasture -- has

carried along students, leaving the schools empty, which was then closed. 10 schools are

closed down, 190 others are partially functioning. Approximately 1,479 students have

dropped out from schools. Around 10,158 students are affected by the drought.

FIRST priorities for urgent humanitarian intervention is to save lives and reduce

morbidity related to drought through humanitarian program on :1) WASH; 2) Food and

Livelihoods; 3) Health and Nutrition.

4. Drivers of the crisis and underlying factors

Drought, worsened by El Nino effects, is having a devastating humanitarian impact on 1)

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH); 2) food and livelihoods; and 3) health and nutrition

situations in Fafan Zone. Secondary impacts on protection of livelihoods and education are

also concerning. The consecutive failures of Gu and Karan rains have massively impacted

water availability of birkas and ponds, which are mostly used as water source by communities

living throughout the Fafan Zone. The less of functioning boreholes -- to harvest ground

water— that is already outnumber against total population in some woredas; and the lack of

water reservoir / dam and pipeline to public houses are the common situation across woredas

in Fafan Zone. These are underlying factors that have created huge dependency upon

rainwater -- for daily consumption of people, as wel as usage for their crops and livestock. On


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top of these factors, the communities become more vulnerable because of the failure of the

last two seasonal rains, combined with the recent abnormal dry and hot weather conditions,

and the water shortage domino / secondary effects on other basic aspect of lives. Some

pastoralist communities are reported to have been transmigrating to other zone in search of

water source.

5. Scope of the crisis and humanitarian profile

Approximately 110,331 (out of total 1,187,022) population are affected as they are facing

water shortage. The assessment team observed that the drought has directly impacted WASH,

food and livelihood situations in 66 Kabeles across seven woredas.

Table 1: Drought-Affected Kabeles/Sub Kabeles with Water Shortage

No Name of the Woredas

Names of Drought-affected Kebeles / Sub Kabeles

Total Kebeles Per Woreda

Number of Affected Communities/ Sub Kabeles

Estimated Total Population of affected Communities/ Sub Kabeles.

1. Jigjiga Jaama-boohaan, Abdi-Kabajan, Yoosle, Qabri Ahmed, Dusha, Sidan, Lafta, Maredhka

41 8 13,360

2. Awbare Galawaadhile, Dhabi, Kayn-filato, Bolol, Jirjir, Hilingaab, Shekh dawaale, Candhadirshe, Guncade, Udugweyne, Wagarcade, Jare.

59 12 33,396

3. Kabribayah Dulqorah, Mulla, Allaibaday, Eegato, Gojano, Harta Sheikh 01, Harta sheikh 02, Dibile, Kabri-Anen, Adaadi.

29 10 17,226

4. Harshin Madaweyn, Fararaweyne, Wado-makahil, Tinka, oolka, Bidhiidn, Qolod, Qaliwaqoyi, Husensamane, Xabrir, Kabaqorey, Abdala-buur, Kaabadda, Kuhorjog, Mirimiri, Gamaad.

15 16 13,495

5. Tuliguleed Darimu, Dabaylweyne, Biyada 15 3 7,071 6. Babile Garbadima, El-Gab, Biqa, Hodan,

Ali-Ethiopia, Halobiyo, Awjabir, El-Gari, Dugsi

17 9 2,5783

Total 191 58 110,331 The highest number of affected population is in Awbare Woreda (See graph below). However,

based on comparison analysis between affected population against total population in the

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same woreda, we found that Babile Woreda is most affected with 26% of affected, followed

by Kabribayah (16%), Harshin (13%) Tulliguled (4%) and Awbare(4%). Figure 2: Population with water shortage in the zone due to the drought

6. Status of populations living in affected areas

6.1 WASH Harshin, Kabribayah, Awbare and Babile Woredas are most vulnerable to water shortage as

they rely highly on Birka for water source. Thus, these woredeas are worst impacted by the

drought. The most concerning water situation is in Harshin Woreda where the woreda only

has one borehole and with approximate total affected population 13,495. At normal capacity,

one borehole is able to provide water for around 5,000 people. With this sitution, the

community in Harshin Woreda is fully relying on birka for their water sources.

On average, especially in areas that are dependent to surface water, the water availability is

now less than 30%. This is considerably below normal as to compared with the same month in

normal year. The both local communities and administrators of drought affected woredas

believe that the number of affected individuals might increase significantly by end of January

2016. Therefore close monitoring and follow up measures need to be in place until the next

rains, particularly in the hotspots communities.

It was observed that water shortage situation has created hygiene and sanitation issues. People

directly drink waters from traditional ponds and birkas that collect surface run-offs. These

water sources also happens to contain impurities e.g. animal carcasses and human wastes,

which causes waterborne diseases. In time the situation will increase community vulnerability.

While it is obvious that drought has significantly reduce water suppy to latrines, there are no

information on the latrine coverage of the affected kabeles.

25783

7071

33396

17226 13495 13360

010000200003000040000

Population with Water Shortage in Fafan Zone

Water insecure population inFafan Zone


7

6.2. Identified Gaps

Water purification chemicals: ddespite drinking from unprotected sources, access to water

purification chemicals was reportedly poor to none. Some diarrhea cases were reportedly

related with the condition of the drinking water –unprotected sources and muddy.

27 Boreholes require urgent maintenance to improve access to water in affected

communities

Approximately 110,330 individuals face water shortages in Six of the eight Woredas in

Fafan Zone.

WASH committees are not properly trained on hygiene and sanitation promotion activities

6.3. Livelihoods and food security 6.3.1. Crop Condition of the Zone

The major crops cultivated in Fafan Zone Woredas, mainly in the visited Woredas of Jigjiga,

Awbare, Tuliguled, Gursum K/bayah, Harshin and Babile are maize, sorghum, wheat, barely,

beans, groundnuts and vegetables with certain degrees of differences between Woredas in

terms of crop types and area of cultivation. However, this season, the performance of rainfall

was poor across Fafan zone. This scenario of weather has consequentially resulted failure of

planted crops at various stages of crops development. Figure-2 bellow and Table 2 in the

annex depict the expected yield; actual crop yield harvested and gap in terms of cereal

production in the zone during the reporting period. Unseasonal rainfall that was received at

the end of December 2015 in Tuliguled Woredas has also exacerbated the drought situation by

damaging the harvested crops and crop residue as well. The extent of crop failure particularly

in Jigjiga, Tuliguled and Awbare Woredas is evident from the number of combine harvest

machines engaged in trashing wheat in those Woredas compared to normal years where the

number of combine harvest was reduced by 80% due to crop yield reduction.

According to the local communities in Jigjiga, Awbare and Tuliguleed, lack of crop

diversification during Karan season by the communities which is limited to production of

wheat alone was also among the factors responsible for the reduction of food and feed

availability in the zone. The scenario in Babile and Gursum Woreda was also similar as the

crop has completely failed where the m majority of the fallen both under food, feed and seed

insecurity. Because of this reason, almost all Woredas have organized a drought monitoring

team led by the agriculture in collaboration with relevant Woreda offices and Kebele

Administrations.

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Figure 3 : Expected harvest versus actual harvest of crops in the zone

Wheat is largely produced in the zone both for earning cash and obtaining food. However, due

to relatively failure of crops in the Belg/Gu season of 2015 followed by poor performance of

crops in Karan season, a food insecurity scenarios was gradually established in the zone which

has directly or indirectly put at risk the availability food for human and feed/ residue for

livestock equally.

The use of combine harvest technology in the area for wheat also eliminated proper feed

management as farmers and combine harvest technicians focus on grain harvest than residue

management. High quantity of wheat straw is broken down and mixed with the soil where

mostly it is vulnerable to wind erosion and unnecessary wastage.

The current available food in the zone is small amount of harvested wheat and Sorghum in

addition to relief food. In the coming 6-7 months of 2016, it is expected that relief food will

become the only source of food for the poor households and the number of needy people is

expected to increase until next harvest.

According to the Woredas, the current crop failure in the zone has not only affected the crop

sector in terms of food security but also the majority of farmers will be at risk of seed

insecurity in the coming rainy season as well.

Gursum BabileTuligulee

dAwbare K/Bayah Harshin Jigjiga

Expected Yield(Qnt) 115,000 256,000 2,330,365 400,000 168,325 36,000 876,627

Actual Yield (Qnt) 7,000 65,000 75,408 20,768 26,030 2,700 219,155

Food Gap (Qnt) 108,000 191,000 2,254,957 379,232 142,295 33,300 657,472

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

Yie

ld a

nd

Fo

od

Gap

in Q

ntt

Expected , actual and food offafan zone January 2015 assesment result


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Table 2 : Kebeles affected by the drought and Kebeles at risk of drought in the zone

s/n Name of the Woredas

Total Kebeles

Names of Kebeles affected by the drought No. of Kebeles affected

No. of Kebeles at Risk

7. Jigjiga 41 Akaara , Jaama-boohaan , Sahartilay, Abdikabajaan, Yosle, Lammadaga, Harre, Daadhi, Andha-Diirshe, Daa’uud-aafi

10 32

8. Awbare 59 Dhabi, Gogti, Laasa’aano, Jirjir, Dharwanaje, Qotton, Balol, Bun’aade, Diirato, Hasaadin, Waraabyurur, Horaf, Hero-geel, Gabidheere, Jaarre etc

20 39

9. Kabribayah 29 Warabajiro, Harre,Fardda, Allaybaday, Bariisle, Horoqalifo, Gaebiile, Dibiile, Eegato and Maraagajo.

10 23

10. Harshin 15 Lafa-islamood,Dabayil-wayne,Waddo-makahil, Tiinka,Mada-wayn and Qudha’e raamaale

7 12

11. Tuliguleed 15 Darimu, Kontoma, Godanne etc 6 9 12. Gursum 15 Fafan, Tikdem, Dhufayska, Toomaha, Kubijaro,

Bushiman 6 9

13. Babile 17 Biqa, Dhadhamane , Ali-Etoobia, Obasha , Garbadiima, El-gabayo and Aloobia,

7 10

14. Goljano 17 Was not assessed but 13 Kebeles are at risk of water shortage

Total 208 66 134 Source: Woredas’ Administration Office (January 2016)

6.2.2. Livestock Condition of the Zone

6.2.2.1. Pasture, Water, Body Condition and herd mobility in the zone

The current drought condition in the Fafan zone has affected livestock in terms of water,

pasture and residue availability as well. Especially, the expected residue from crops was

greatly reduced this year. Because of rainfall failure in the zone, there was high scarcity of

pasture and crop residue in the entire zone where the available residue could only sustain for

one more month. The available pasture in some pocket areas of Awbare, Harshin, K/bayah

and Babile Woredas was overgrazed earlier in the season.

Although there was a varying degree of appearance of the livestock within each Woreda, the

body condition of animals observed particularly cattle and sheep was very poor in Awbare,

Harshin and Tuliguleed Woredas including most parts of Jigjiga as well. These scenario

signals, start of death of the weakest animals particularly cattle and sheep after a month in the

case of absence of any emergency and lifesaving response in terms feed and water i.e.

according to the Woreda authorities. Lack of water for livestock in most parts of Harshin,

K/bayah, Awbare and Tuliguleed was the major challenge for livestock. Herd migrated from

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Damabal Woreda of Sitti Zone has overgrazed the available pasture in Daarimi areas of

Tuliguleed Woreda and a potential diseases transmission is the major risk. Apart from

Borehole dependents areas of the zone, there is a greater risk of water scarcity in the months

ahead for livestock. In other areas, the major water source for animals have been ponds

earlier in the year however most ponds have dried and some of them with very little water

coupled with very poor sanitation during the reporting period. In some Woredas like that of

Awbare, Tuli and Jigjiga , current major water source is limited to Bore holes where the poor

households cannot afford to pay the water fee at the borehole points due to failure of crops

and low productivity of animals. From Gogti, Jirjir, and Laasa’aano of Awbare Woreda, herds

have migrated to Somali Land where people have assumed prevalence of rainfall over those

areas. However, after herds have arrived at those areas the herders have realized, there was no

any rain in those areas which also resulted weak body condition of animals by long distances

movement. In some areas like Dhabi Kebele of Awabare Woreda, animals were dependent on

eating Cactus plant but most cactus plant was getting dry during the reporting period. Similar

situation has also been reported from all Kebeles along Jarar valley of Jigjiga Woreda and all

Kebeles of Harshen Woreda along Ethio-Somali Land Border where most of animals are

currently under hand feeding due to lack of pasture.

Figure 4 : Expected, Actual and residue gap analysis of the zone

Jigjiga Awbare K/Bayah HarshinTuli-

guleedGursum Babile

Expected Residue(Tone) 68,400 44,050 135,060 4800 148,800 210,060 38,400

Actual Residue obtained (Tone) 13,149 1,246 1,562 162 4,524 420 3900

Residue reserve Gap 55,251 42,804 133,498 4638 144,276 209,640 34,500

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

An

imal

fe

ed

exp

ect

ed

, act

ual

an

d g

ap in

MT

Expected , Actual and residue gap of the zone as per the January 2015 rapid assesment


11

6.2.3. Livestock Productivity

In the entire visited Woredas of the zone, there was high milk scarcity mainly attributed to

lack of feed and water for livestock, migration to other areas and low calving rate. The market

demand for livestock was also very low in all visited Woredas. Productivity of animals was

significantly hampered by lack of feed, such as natural pasture and water scarcity as well

coupled with recurrent common diseases. The residue reserve of the zone has been greatly

affected by the poor rainfall performance of Gu and Karan 2015 which has caused crop

failure. The price of available residue was increasing since the last two months in many parts

of the zone. The lowest price of feed (sorghums residue) was observed in Tuliguleed Woreda

with a camel back (0.30 tones) of DM (dry matter) amounting ETB 1000 where it is expected

to increases. The highest price was observed in Harshin 1600 (per camel back) and more than

ETB 4000 per truck. Save the Children has distributed wheat bran (fodder) to Biqa Kebele of

Babile Woreda and supported about 25 Households with 40 qnt. In the Kebeles adjacent to

Tuliguleed Woreda such as Tura’anood , feed intervention has already been begun by Oromia.

Table 5 and figure 4 bellow depict migration route of herds and risks associated with the herd

mobility due to the drought. SCI has also supported Jijiga Woreda with 20 qnt of wheat brand

to about 17 households in Harorays Kebele. In some Kebeles of Harshen Woreda as well,

community drought committee has managed to buy about 10 trucks of feed/residue from

Wajale and Gobyarey areas for drought response.

Table 3 : Description of Livestock mobility of the zone due to the drought

No. Woredas Total Major Kebeles

Livestock Population

Migration Routes & destination

Species Risks

1. Jigjiga 41 1,568,296 -To Jarar & Korahe zones

Cattle and camel

Diseases transmission, weak body condition

2. Awbare 59 913,965 -Jarar zone , Golan Woreda & Somali Land

All special


3. Kabribayah 29 935,800 -To Jarar and Nogob zones

Cattle and sheep


4. Harshin 15 560,000 -To Gashamo & Daraor

All species Diseases transmission, weak body condition

5. Tuliguleed 15 397,106 Herds from Dambal woreda of Sitti zone at

All species Diseases transmission, weak

12

Darimu Kebele of Tuli Woreda

body condition

6. Gursum 15 273,139 To Golajano Cattle Diseases transmission, weak body condition

7. Babile 17 354460 To Golajano Woreda All species Diseases transmission, weak body condition

8. Goljano 17 Hosted all migrated herds

Total 208 5,002,766 Figure 5 : Map of Livestock migration route and concentration areas

6.2.4 Livestock Health Condition

There was no any livestock diseases outbreak in the entire visited Woredas. However, table 6

bellow depicts suspected common disease in the visited areas. The suspected CCPP was

reported frequently in most Woredas of the zone since November 2015. Moreover a total of

88 cattle and 154 shoat were died in Laylakal, Gabidhere , Dhamal and Dhabi of Awbare

Woreda due to suspected CCPP. In K/bayah Woreda, unknown livestock diseases that affects

cattle, shoats and camel was reported which has been observed since last December 2015. In

Jingada Kebele of K/bayah Woreda, suspected camel disease locally known as Qanje was

reported. According to Harshin Woreda, livestock mortality due to common diseases coupled

with drought was about 400 heads of mostly shoat. The team has made effort to confirm this

figure whereas most of the dead bodies were bones and reportedly died within the last six


13

months. In Wadamakahiil Sub Kebele of Harshen Woreda, at Ethio-Somali land border,

unknown disease that has reportedly originated from Ethiopian side has caused death of about

25 camels. The diseases has symptoms of bleeding of the mouth, nose and pellet mixed with

little blood, short Inness (2 days) followed by death. According to the community, the

unknown disease affects camel between the ages of 2-8 years and was circulating in the areas

since the last one year. Pastoralists have been treating with Oxy-tetracycline but with no

result so far. Moreover, about 19 cattle was sick because of feeding on Tortoise shell in

Awbare Woreda.

Moreover, in Jigjiga and Awbare Woredas there was a report of death of two persons, one in

each Woreda and sickness of over 36 persons in both Woredas after eating a camel’s meat.

However, the two Woredas has verified that the cause of the death and sickness was not

disease outbreak of animals but mainly eating of the camel meat after the camels were

injected with Oxy-tetracycline and then immediately eating of the meat of the slaughtered

camels in both Woredas. One of the camels was died due to delivery complication which was

related to placenta according to the Woreda authorities in Awbare. Table 4: Animal health status and suspected livestock disease in the zone

S/N Woredas Total Major Kebeles


Common diseases in the zone

Types of suspected diseases since last three months

Species affected so far

1. Jigjiga 41 CCPP for shoats particularly goats CBPP for cattle PPR for shoats particularly goats FMD for cattle Anthrax for all species Pastrolosis for all species Internal and external parasite for all species Blackleg for cattle

SGP Shoat 2. Awbare 59 913,965 CCPP Shoat and cattle 3. Kabribayah 29 935,800 CCPP, Antrax, PPR

&Pica All species

4. Harshin 15 560,000 CCPP, geedcaanole, Unkownd camel diseases, qanje, sembeb , furuq

All species

5. Tuliguleed 15 CCPP, PPR, SGP, Black legs Antrax,

All species

6. Gursum 15 PPR & SGP Shoat 7. Babile 17 FMD, LSD and others All species Goljano 17 Hosted herds

migrated from the zone

Total 208

In Jijiga Woreda there was no any report of livestock disease outbreak during the reporting

period other than common diseases. Generally, livestock mortality was reported in most

Woredas of the zone but the figures as well as the cause of livestock death vary from Woreda

14

to Woreda. In Gursum, about 73 animals of mainly sheep and goats were died due to disease

with combination of drought in the last two months. Most Woredas was responding with

treatment drugs although there was shortage of drugs in most AHP.

6.2.5. Impact of the Drought on Women and Children

Movement of people with their livestock has caused more burdens on women and children

such as fetching water from long distance, driving of herds to long distance in search of

pasture and water. This was challenging particularly for lactating, Pregnant and old aged

women. Some women have migrated with their livestock in Awbare Woreda particularly in

Bolol Kebele to other areas with their livestock leaving most of their children behind which

was also a common phenomenon in all the visited Woredas. In Harshin Woreda, Office of the

Women and Children Affirm reported, movement of women from rural areas has increased

since the start of the drought and particularly the number of young women moving from rural

areas to towns like Harshin, Hartishekh , Kabribayah and Somali Land has increased. There

are a number of women in Harshin town currently living with their relatives and some settled

alone in the town. In most of the villages visited in Babile, Awbare, Jigjiga, Harshen and

K/bayaha Woredas, women and children travel long distances and spend more time around

water points to fetch water to the households. In K/bayah, Jigjiga and Awabare Woredas

women were formerly used access fire wood from the crop residue as household energy for

cooking food. However, current drought caused long distance travel of women and children to

collect dried cow dungs in the fields although currently scarce according to the women of the

visited villages’.

The number of Women engaged in Charcoal and fire wood collection has doubled since the

start of the drought according to Harshin Woreda women and Children’s Affair’s office.

Above all some Kebeles of K/bayah Woreda like Baris, most of the women were affected

during migrating with herds in search of pasture and water. Some of the cases include

pregnant women who have given birth during travel with herds where there were number of

cases where those migrated mothers have lost their babies.

6.2.6. Market and ToT condition of the Zone

In all Woredas visited there was no any market demand for livestock for all species due to

lack of demand from traders. The current lower demand for livestock can be attributed to,

traders’ fearing to buy animals due to lack of feed for animals that can cause mortality of

animals, weak body condition of most animals and the current war in Yemen. Local grain


15

prices have also increased since the start of the drought due to lower harvest in most areas and

this trend is expected to increase in the months ahead. The current relief food distribution and

the forthcoming PSNP food distribution is expected to stabilize the grain prices. Commercial

food market prices for basic commodities such as sugar, rice, and wheat flour and food oil

also remain tall as usual whereas access and availability was normal across the zone. Genially,

the market prices for livestock, grin and commercial food items slightly vary from Woreda to

Woreda and from place to place. Table in the annex depicts the average market prices for

different commodities of Jijiga town.

6.2.7. Terms of Trade ( ToT)

Terms of trade is increasing due to low market demand for livestock and higher prices of

grains in most areas. Considering the data obtained from Woredas in conjunction to that

obtained at Jigjiga main market, the average market prices for maize, sorghum and wheat

across the zone were 400, 500 and 550 ETB/50 Kg sack respectively whereas the middle

average market price of a local shoat is 500 ETB during the reporting period (January 2016).

Therefore this shows that the current ToT trend across the zone is 62.50 Kg of maize, 50 Kg

of sorghum and 55Kg of wheat per average shoat respectively.

6.3. Health and Nutrition

No disease out-break is reported in Oct-Dec 2015. Nevertheless, diarrhoea (in under five),

Pneumonia, UTI, URTI are the top five diseases reported at OPD level.

Table 5: Top five causes of morbidity in less than 5 years Children September-November, 2015

Districts in Fafan zone

Top

5 c

ause

of m

orbi

dity

Gursum Babili Tuliguled Awbarre K/bayah Harshin Jijiga

1 Respiratory tract infection

pneumonia

Pneumonia Diarrhea Pneumonia Diarrhea Pneumonia

2 Diarrhea Diarrhea Malaria Pneumonia Diarrhea Malaria Diarrhea 3 Intestinal

parasite Intestinal parasites

Diarrhea anaemia URTI Pneumonia UTI

4 Malnutrition

Malnutrition

Dysentery Acute febrile illness

Malnutrition Intestinal parasite

ARTI

5 Acute febrile illness (AFI)

anemia Malnutrition

Malnutrition

Intestinal parasite

Malnutrion

Anemia

16

The deteriorating food security situation has resulted in the widespread of malnutrition to

under-five children and adult (pregnant/lactating women) across the woredas.

SAM cases admission trend (number) in Fafan relatively increased in the last three months

from 238 cases in September to 404 in November 2015, this can be due to the deployment of

MHNTs and Mercy Corps Nutrition interventions which increased the active case search in

the hard to reach Kebeles. Figure 6: Number of SAM cases in the zone

6.3.1. Challenges Lack of emergency drugs and diarrheal disease drugs in all observed woredas.

Lack of nutrition supplies and outine OTP medications in Tulliguled.

Critical water shortage in the woredas also affects the functionality of Warabajiru health

center.

No multi-sectoral public health emergency management committee in all visited Woredas

No emergency funds are available at woreda level in all visited districts.

No stabilization centers that are functioning properly except in Jijiga town, which is

supported by Karamara Hospital.

6.4. Education

Approximatley 889 schools are accounted for in Fafan Zone. 349 formal schools have

registered at least 127,164 students, while 540 Accellerated Basic Education (ABE) schools

have registered 85,389 students during the current academic year.

20 0 37

130

21 5 25

238

27 0

81 120

22 17 17

284

42 114

38

140

30 38 2

404

0

100

200

300

400

500

Gursum Babili T/Gulled Awbarre Kebribayah Harshin Jijiga Total

Number of SAM Cases Sept-Dec 2015

September October November


17

Table 6 : Number of functional, partially functional and closed schools in the zone due to drought

No Woreda

Total numbers of schools

No. of schools partially functional as the result of drought

No. of schools closed as the result of drought

ABE Formal

Total ABE FORMAL

TOTAL ABE

FORMAL

TOTAL

1 Gurus 13 20 33 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 Babile 95 33 128 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 Tuliguli

ed 43 43 86 3 0 3 0 21 2

4 Awbare 143 110 253 66 41 107 0 0 0 5 K/Bayah 112 61 173 15 10 25 1 0 1 6 Harshen 72 32 104 0 0 0 6 0 6 7 JigJiga 62 50 112 26 27 53 0 0 0 Total 540 349 889 110 80 190 8 2 10

Failure of the Karan rains that directly impacted WASH, food security and livelihood

situations has secondary impact on education sector. Instead of sending their children to

schools, families now have urgent needs to send their children to herd their livestock and fetch

for water and pasture. Transmigration of some pastoralist communities – in search of water

and pasture -- has carried along students, leading to school low attendance and absenteeism.

As result, 10 schools are now closed down; while 190 others are still functioning partially.

Approximately 1,479 students have dropped out as they transmigrate with their parents to

other areas. Segregated data and number of students affected in closed and and partly

functioning schools are described in the table below. Table 7: Number of Closed schools and students drop out in the zone due to drought

s/no Woreda name Names of closed schools Number of sstudent dropout 1 Harshin Male Female Total

Wada Michel 130 19 149 Xabrin 35 29 64 Jidhacaawil 39 12 51 Dunduma dheer 45 19 64 Laf tagan 35 25 60 Gurydhalay 51 42 93

2 Tuliguled Hariiro1 183 115 298 Hariiro2 177 156 333

4 Babile Abdirahman 82 35 117 5 K/Bayah Medhedhley 162 88 250 Total 10 Kabeles 939 540 1479 1 2 schools are closing down -- related ethnic conflict in Tulliguled.

18

Around 10,158 students are still attending schools that are partially functioning. Irregular

attendance, prolonged absenteeism and eventual dropout is reported by the different

communities and location administrations being interviewed during the assessment. This

group of students is to be approached by community mobilization so they will return to school

and improve attendance. For instance, Harshin Woreda reported to have managed to track a

good number of students who did not attend regularly and were considered drop out initially.

Nevertheless, the community mobilization team has managed to approach them and their

parents. Now the students have returned to school and improve school attendance in this

woreda. The table below shows the general enrolment in the zone by Woreda and the schools

number of students affected from partially functioning schools. Table 8 : Number of students drop out due to emergency from partially functioning schools

Woreda

Total numbers of students No. of students drop out as the result of

emergency( from partially functioning) ABE Formal ABE FORMAL M F T M F T M F T M F T

1 Gursum 811 647 1458 5001 3403 8404 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Babile 5104 4351 9455 5956 4434 10390 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Tuliguled 7852 5547 13399 9628 7092 16720 160 80 240 115 60 175 4 Awbare 15340 10376 25716 26984 18443 45427 197 238 435 537 371 908 5 K/ Bayah 8510 7261 15771 12650 9989 22639 1009 804 1813 2344 1220 3464 6 Harshin 4573 3380 7953 3737 2230 5967 559 440 999 0 0 0 7 Jigjiga 6626 5011 11637 9662 7955 17617 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 48816 36573 85389 73618 53546 127164 1925 1562 3487 2996 2775 5771

7. Capacity, Coping Mechanism, and Response

7. 1. WASH

There are approximately 93 motorized boreholes, 330 hand-dug wells with pumps, 17 dams,

245 ponds and at least 4,793 Birkas throughout Fafan Zone. The graph below shows different

water sources existing in Fafan zone.

Figure 7 : Description of water resources in the zone

0

2000

4000

6000

BH HDW-WP Dams Ponds Birka

93 330 17 245

4793

Water Resources

Water Resources


19

Out of 5,478 available resources, only about 7.7% are permanent water sources, including

hand-dug wells. The remaining 92.3% are temporary sources that highly depend on rainwater.

Observation also identified non-functional water sources as compared to the exsiting and

functional ones, likely described in the graph below. Figure 8 : Figure: Functional and non-functional Boreholes

At least 27 boreholes, or 30% of total permanent water schemes are not functional. In

addition, most of the motor and traditional hand dug wells, ponds, dams and Birkas that take

high percentage of the total water coverage are only dependable (to provide water) during and

shortly after rainy season, which also usually dry up immediately after the rain. This means

only a small share of the population of the zone gets portable water coverage while the

remaining struggle for survival for the months outside the two rainy seasons (i.e 6 month of

Jilaal and Hagaa).

Local administrations, affected communities and business people provide minimal support in

few cases. For instance, Jigjiga Woreda supporting EWT in Dusha Kabele while Harshin

reportedly mobilized ETB 50,000 for early drought response. On other end, HCS, Norwegian

Refugee Council (NRC), Ethiopian Red Cross Community (ERCS) and Oxfam GB(OGB) are

reported to plan support on permanent water schemes.

WASH Committee manage mmost of the water sources, including birkas. However, only few

have received training to manage water systems effectively. Most of the committee members

require proper training on safe water chain, managing water points and fee collection.

Additionally, the Woreda water office experts also require proper training of trainers to

provide training to WASH Committee, trainings on minor maintenances on motorized

schemes, and maintenance of hand pumps.

0

100

200

300

400

Total No of BHand HDW-WP

Functional Non Functional

93 67 27

330 271

59 BH

HDW-WP

20

7.2. Livelihood and Food Security

Culturally, Somali people assist one another whenever there is food insecurity by sharing the

available food and feed (for the livestock). Transmigration, in search of water and livestock,

to Jarar, Korahe, Nogob Zone and neighboring Somali Land is the other coping mechanism.

Below are traditional coping mechanisms that have been put in practice:

Herd and household splitting

Migration to neighbouring zones

Hand-feeding of weak livestock (sharing HH food)

Calves slaughter in few areas

Reduction of daily meals

Purchase of livestock feeds (maize-straw)

Movement to urban towns

Sharing meagre food resources with relatives and family friends

Seeking alternative sources of livelihoods – charcoal burning, firewood collection etc

Sell of livestock

Collection of wild fruits in some cases ( e.g. Dheemaal and Cactus)

The Government is undertaking food distribution program to the drought-affected kabeles by

scaling up emergency relief and PSNP beneficiaries in the region, based on the resent Deyr

Assessment findings and recommendations as reflected in the Humanitarian Requirement

Document (HRD).

Table 9 :Relief food and PSNP benefices

Name of Woreda No of

Kabeles Estimate population

Emergency Relief beneficiaries

PSPN beneficiaries

Gursum 15 58,000 10,000 18,000 Babile 17 97,485 33,000 53,150 Tulliguled 15 173,000 36,500 None Awbare 59 416,752 35,000 None Kabribayah 29 203,129 45778 96,000 Harshin 15 101,156 40,941 37,489 Jigjiga 41 137,500 57,670 None Goljano 17 Total 208 1,187,022 258,889 204,639


21


Total number of health professionals and facilities are well described in graphs below. Newly

relocated Mobile Health and Nutrition Team (MHNT) from the Regional Health Bureau

(RHB) are operating in five Woredas (Babili, Tulliguled, Awbarre, and Harshen &

Kebribeyah). They are providing basic health services to outreach to 6 remote kabeles per

Woreda). Similarly, Mercy Corps emergency nutrition teams are operating in three Woredas

since the beginning of November 2015 and have been providing OTP services. Figure 9 : Number of Health Professionals in the zone

Figure 10: Heath Facilities in Fafan Zone

MHNT, Save the Children, and Mercy Corps are providing limited emergency health and nutrition services.

7.4. Education

Observation to the schools indicate that teachers remain available although the schools are closed or partially functioning.

0

50

100

150

200

250

Gursum Babili T/Gulled Awbarre K/Bayah Harshin Jijiga

67 75 42

204

112 75

120

No of health Proffesionals in Fafan zone districts

2 2 4 6 6 2 3 10 23

12

57

32

19 25

GURSUM BABILI T/GULLED AWBARRE K/BAYAH HARSHIN JIJIGA

Health facilities In Fafan zone Districts

Health Center Health Post

22

Table 10 : Numbers of teachers, educational level and their current status

No. Woreda No of teachers currently available for work.

No of teachers and educational status

ABE Formal Total TTI DIPLOMA DEGRE MA 1 Gurus 40 120 160 45 46 29 2 Babile 65 143 208 69 50 24 - 3 Tuli Gulied 93 177 270 105 72 14 4 Awbare 245 110 355 258 379 119 1 5 Kabre Bayah 211 366 577 226 100 38 2 6 Harshine 129 134 263 53 46 35 - 7 Jigjiga 84 244 328 161 73 10 - TOTAL 867 1294 2161 917 766 269 3

Access to water and food is basic driver that determines regular school attendance. Schools

with Feeding Programs are therefore most highly attended and always in full capacity. The

assessment observed that schools with feeding programs did not register a single dropout

across the zone. At least 16,789 students (9,133 boys and 7,656 girls) are currently benefiting

from the ongoing school feeding programs.

Table 11 : Number of students benefiting from School Feeding program (SFP)

No Woreda

No of schools SFP

No of students (SFP)

No of schools overcrowded as the result of migration from other areas

No teacher in the overcrowded schools Formal ABE

M F T Formal ABE M F T M F T 1 Gurus 2 1114 985 2099 2 Babile 2 683 403 1086 3 Tuliguled 6 1722 1630 3352 1 4 Awbare -- -- -- -- -- 18 3 1510 789 2299 5 K/Bayah 7 1915 1462 3377 2 - 490 210 700 - 6 Harshine 6 1619 1198 2817 - - - - - - - - 7 Jigjiga 9 2080 1978 4058 - - Total 32 9133 7656 16789 21 3 2000 999 2999

8. Humanitarian Priorities

The assessment team recommends First and Secondary Priorities of Humanitarian Response in Fafan

Zone. FIRST priorities for urgent humanitarian intervention is to save lives and reduce morbidity

related to drought through humanitarian program on :1) WASH; 2) Food and Livelihoods; 3) Health

and Nutrition. These priorities are equally important to save lives. Nevertheless, contextual analysis on

these priorities has identified the priorities within priorities likely detailed below:

8.1. WASH

Urgent rehabilitation/maintenance of water sources and boreholes (Short term)


23

Urgent provision of water treatment chemicals to all Woredas

Extremely lifesaving emergency water interventions (water trucking), as last resort

Construction of more permanent water sources than Birka and Ponds which are so

temporary and unprotected and rain-dependent (long term)

8.2. Livelihoods and Food Security

Emergency animal feed, Relief food, emergency veterinary drugs and Rehabilitation of the

damaged Boreholes


To create accessible emergency response fund or to allocate a fund for preparedness

activities.

Prepare emergency drugs and supplies enough for 1 months for each Woreda.

Provide Diarrheal Disease Kits for Fafan zone Woredas.

Establish at least in one inpatient facility/SC set up in each Woreda in order to provide

care to patient with complicated severe acute malnutrition.

To provide water purification/chemicals to Woredas health facilities timely.

Provide anti-malarial drugs and nutrition supplies for five districts(Except Tuliguled and

Jijiga)

Provision of Emergency drugs in all visited woredas( Jijiga, Tuliguled, Awbarre, Harshen,

K/Bayah, Gursum and Babili)

Regular nutrition supplies to be distributed to woredas to sustain the nutrition service at

facility level especially in priority 1 woredas(7 districts in Fafan zone,

Supplementary feeding program for children is urgently required for Awbarre districts

Deployment of Mobile Health and Nutrition teams to Jijiga and Gursum woredas

Urgent Initiation of EOS screening in All Hotspot priority districts in the zone (Jijiga,

Tulli, Gursum, Babili, Harshen, Kebribeyah and Awbarre)

Contextual analysis towards the Woreda also identify the following priorities by woredas

8.4. Woreda –based priority Babile: Improve access to water and pasture

Gursum: Improve access to food and pasture

Tulliguled: Improve access to food and pasture; seed for next season is also a huge

concern

24

Awbare: Improve access to food, water and pasture

Kabribayah: Improve access to water, pasture and emergency health and nutrition

supplies

Harshin: Impove access to food, water and pasture

Jigjiga: Improve access to water, food and pasture

Goljano: Impove access to water

8.5. SECONDARY priorities

To protect and restore livelihoods through humanitarian program on: 1) Livelihoods and Food

Security; 2) WASH; 3) Health and Nurition; and 4) Education are recommended below:

8.5.1. Livelihoods and Food Security

Provide of seeds and farm, tools for the coming planting season and rehabilitation of

ponds

Provide commercial and slaughter destocking in the worst case scenario

8.5.2. WASH Train WASH committee, especially on proper sanitation and hygiene promotions

measures around water schemes

8.5.3. Health and Nutrition

Establish a functional multi sectoral PHEM forum and its PHEM preparedness and

response plan in each woreda.

Establish and train emergency woreda rapid response teams

Build capacity on malaria, meningitis, AWD and measles outbreak control and severe

acute malnutrition.

Strengthen the woreda integrated disease surveillance system for recording and

maintaining reports with standard formats

Provide support to the Woreda Health Office Staff in emergency response so that they can

have their own plan to respond immediately whenever public health emergency comes

without delay.

8.5.4. Education

• Introduce Networking Cards to help the transmigrating students continue with their learning


25

• School Feeding Program. No dropout reported from schools with feeding program.

Therefore, increasing the number of schools with feeding programs is recommended,

especially during this hard time

• Community mobilization. Outreach to families and students to return to school.

• Improve access to food and water as the main drivers of students’ dropouts

• Supply of educational in emergencies kits and teaching and learning materials including

school tents.

26

9. ANNEXES

Annex I – Assessment Objectives, Methodology and Team

ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY AND TEAM

The multi-sector rapid assessment on 29 December 2015 – 5 January 2016 was conducted to capture humanitarian situation following the report of drought emergency in Fafan Zone during the Disaster Risk Management Technical Working Group (DRM-TWG) meeting on 22 Dec 2015. The assessment was led by the Regional Government – the Regional Disaster Prevention and Preparedness (RDPPB) and facilitated by Zonal Administrator of Fafan Zone and Administrator of respective woredas. Objectives 1. Obtain understanding and triangulate report on drought impact on humanitarian situation

in seven woredas of Fafan Zone: Gursum, Tulliguled, Awbare, Babile, Kabribayah, Jigjiga and Harshin.

2. Identify humanitarian needs and priorities in drought-affected woredas for further coordinated response planning.

Methodology Based on the brief report of RDPPB on drought emergency (Dec 2015) and the previous Karan Seasonal Assessment in Fafan Zone (Oct 2015) Karan Season Assessment, a Government-led assessment team assessmbled and deploy to seven woredas: Harshin, Tulliguled, Awbare, Babile, Kabribayah, Gursum and Jijiga. Six assessment methods were employed to capture humanitarian situation from multi-sector perspective: 1. Secondary Data Review. The team reviewed and discussed the brief report of RDPPB

(Dec 2015) and previous Karan Seasonal Assessment Report in Fafan Zone (Oct 2015). Review towards the existing secondary data gives preliminary understanding.

2. Focused Group Discussion. The assessment team visited the offices of Administrator and the cabinet of Fafan Zone and respective woredas. In this meeting, the assessment team facilitated Focused Group Discussion to gain general understanding and capture overview of humanitarian situation and priorities, as well as data for further analysis. The assessment team assigned its member to convey questions in structured manner. Discussion with the administrator and his cabinet is useful to gain general overview of humanitarian situation, as well as to gain permission from the authority about the assesment activity in the respective location.

3. Interview with the Key Informants. The assessment team interviewed and discussed with each sector bureau at Zona and Woreda levels. Discussion with the respective sector gave further in-depth understanding, data and analysis towards the sector situation in respective woreda, that is impacted by the drought. The team splitted according to assigned sector in order to conduct this interview.

4. Community-level Assessment. The assessment team visited and discussed with group of community in 2 locations for each observed woreda. Discussion with community aims to build lively communication with affected community, gain understanding on their local coping mechanism, humanitarian needs and priorities, according to their own perspectives.


27

5. Field Observation. The assessment team observe the location, existing plantation, livestock, birkas and ponds to confirm and understand the drought impact to the environment, livestocks, plantation, and more importantly to the people and how the drought has affected them.

6. Internal Discussion. The team discussed internally about their understanding towards the humanitarian situation, needs, gaps and priorities every time they finish conducting the above step 2-5 in each location. Internal discussion was also conducted to agree on the findings, recommenations and prioritization for humanitarian program.

Assessment Team No. Name of Team

Members Agency Role Mobile Email Address

1

Abdifatah Sulub

DPPB Zonal EW coordinator

Team leader 0915072428

[email protected]

2 Yasin Abdi SCI Member 0910007677 [email protected] 3 Mohamed Farah UNICEF Member 0915010397 [email protected] 4 Nova Ratnanto OCHA Member 0912502711 [email protected] 5 Bashir Hussien OCHA Member 0911408982 [email protected] 6 Teyid Sheriff FAO Member 0915747893 [email protected] 7 Bashir Mohamed WHO Member 0911539520 [email protected] 8 Ahmed Mohamed

Kayd RANRDB Member 0915748686 [email protected]

9 Asad Moalin Adan

Mercy Corps Member

0915774634 [email protected]

10 Mohamed Ibrahim Ismael

HAVOYOCO Member 0910040857

[email protected]

11 Ahmednur Abdi RLPDB Member 0915046662 [email protected] 12 Jamal Yusuf SREB Member 0912036585 [email protected] 13 Ahmednur Yusuf

Abdullahi SREB Member 0915108237 [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]













28

Annex II – List of Kabeles / Sub Kabele Affected by Drought

Remarks

Galawaadhile 2500 Awbare 11 Birka

Dhabi 3200 Dharwanaje 12 Birka

Kayn-filato 3400 Dharwanaje 11 Birka

Bolol 2100 Gogti 15 Birka

Jirjir 2800 Gogti 16 Birka

Hilingaab 3100 Shed-dheer 14 Birka

Shekh dawaale 2000 Lafa-ise 17 Birka

Candhadirshe 2900 Xera-geel 16 Birka

Guncade 3654 Jare/Tulli 19 Birka

Udugweyne 2500 Cagarweyne 18 Birka

Wagarcade 2742 Cagarweyne 17 Birka

Jare2500 Tulli BH 10

BH

(broken)

Sub total 12 Kabeles/Sub-

kabele 33396

Madaweyn 2700 Harshin 40 Birka

Faraweyne 1800 Harshin 58 Birka

Wado-makahil 480 Harshin 70 Birka

Tinka 1200 Harshin 55 Birka

Qoolka 1300 Harshin 55 Birka

Bidhiidh 275 Harshin 45 Birka

Qolod 301 Harshin 48 Birka

Caliwaqoyi 1250 Harshin 65 Birka

Husensamane 1350 Harshin 50 Birka

Xabrir 385 Harshin 30 Birka

Kabaqorey 481 Harshin 42 Birka

Abdala-buur 282 Harshin 25 Birka

Kaabadda 460 Harshin 35 Birka

Kuhorjoog 254 Harshin 60 Birka

Mirimiri 627 Harshin 15 Birka

Gamaad 350 Harshin 13 Birka

Sub-Total 16 Kabeles/Sub-

kabele 13,495

Awbare

Harshin

List of Kabeles/Sub-kabele affected by dorught and are facing water shortages

WoredaName of

affected

Estimated

population

Nearest

water source

Distance

from

Water

source at


29

Remarks

Jamac Boohaan 1250 Hare 10 Birka Hare BH is broken; JJ is

alternative 2 & 50kmAbdi-Kabajan 1500 Haroreys 10 Birka JJ is alternative 2 & 35kmYoosle 1360 Haroreys 10 Birka JJ is alternative 2 & 35kmQabri Ahmed 1900 Hare 10 Birka Hare BH is broken; JJ is

alternative 2 & 30kmDusha 2350 Waji 10 BirkaSidan 1950 Jijgjiga 70 BirkaLafta Maredhka 1550 Jijgjiga 60 Birka

Daadhi 1500 Waji 15 BirkaSub-total 8 Kabele 13360

Water

source at

Jigjiga

List of Kabeles/Sub-kabele affected by dorught and are facing water shortages

WoredaName of

affected

Estimated

population

Nearest

water source

Distance

from

30

Annex III – Analysis Water Resources in Fafan Zone by Woreda

Total Fun Unfunctional % Fun % Un-

fun Total Fun Unfunctional Dams Birka Ponds

Babili 9 5 4 66 44 22 15 7 0 8 210 Birka/ponds empty

Gursum 5 2 3 40 60 64 58 6 1 (plan) 12 4 Water levels drop in HDW

Tuli-guleed 7 6 1 86 14 61 38 23 0 45 24 Water levels drop in HDW

Awbare 32 22 10 69 31 107 87 20 1 139 7 Water levels drop in HDW

Kabribayah 23 19 4 83 17 0 0 0 5 172 0

Harshin 1 1 0 100 0 0 0 0 5 4257 0

2571 Birka not fucntional;

only 30% of the remaining

are holding water

Jigjiga 14 11 3 21 79 76 73 3 6 134 0

Goljano 2 1 1 50 50 0 0 0 0 26 0

Total 93 67 26 70 30 330 271 59 17 4793 245

Analysis of Water resources in Fafan zone by Woreda

Woreda

Motorised Borehole HDW with pump O ther Sources

Remmarks


31

Annex IV – Summary of Unfunctional Boreholes

Woreda Site for un-functional BH Reported Problem/Requirement Remarks

Biiqo Pump and generator

Fayan-jabso Pump

Dhadhamane/Babile town Generator malfunction

Obosha 2 SwitchboardAwbare Capacity problem low yieldQudhac-matan Abandoned Has capacity issue

Bombsa 2 New, no installtion drilled but sealed and abandoned

Sheik Abdisalam New, no installtion HCS drilled, sealed and left, requiresgenerator, pipelines, generator andguard house; plan 90m while is 30m**

Tuli-guleed Gabagabo Solar system malfunction 20 HDW-with pumps not fuoctional in

Gabagabo; water level droped

JaareSwitchboard +submersible pipes;capacity issue

Hard water- affects pipes and pumpregularly

Cagarwayne Pump malfunction OGB/HAVOYOCO committed to maintain

Gobyarey Pump + Casings

Lafa-isse New, no installtion constructed and sealed; no houses,generator, distribution systems etc

Darayga Pump

Bolol New, no installtion Requires installation of distributoionsystems; House + Generator available

Dirato Pump replacement HCS promised to maintain ASAP afternew year; requires follow up

Wajale 1 Pump replacement HCS promised to maintain ASAP afternew year; requires follow up

Summary of un-functional boreholes and reported problems

Babili

Planned rehabilitation by NRC Reported; need follow up and fast-

tracking the process

Gursum

Awbare

32

Wajale 2 Pump replacement HCS promised to maintain ASAPafter new year; requires follow up

Wajale 3 Pump replacement HCS promised to maintain ASAPafter new year; requires follow up

Hero-Geel Partial functional-submersible pumps

Community mobillized ETB 15,000as an iterim solution and went toJigjiga to buy some of the ugentmaterials

Dhurwale (Alelaale)

Requires maintenance/ replacement of pump and pipes

Dhurwale (Aw-salah) Pump and generator

Farda Generator malfunction + pipes

DanabaHeavy maintenance: pumpcable, well developmentspump and generator

Hare Pump NGO made commitment tomaintain but no response!

Horahowd Pump NGO made commitment tomaintain but no response!

Garsaley Pump & generatorQabri Ahmed Generator

Goljano Goljano Pump

Awbare

Kabribayah

Jigjiga


33

Annex V – Food and Livelihood Background Information

Food and Livelihood Background information of the visited Woredas


Human Population


Total area under cultivation ( Ha)

Total AHP

Total PVPs

1. Jigjiga 41 137,500 1,568,296 57,942 22 0 2. Awbare 59 416,752 913,965 36,711 28 8 3. Kabribayah 29 203,129 935,800 112,555 28 8 4. Harshin 15 101,162 560,000 4,000 19 2 5. Tuliguleed 15 173,000 397,106 124,000 10 2 6. Gursum 15 58,000 273,139 17,550 11 3 7. Babile 17 97,825 354460 32,000 15 11 Total 191 1,187,368 5,002,766 384,758 133 34

Source: Woreda LCRDO offices of each Woreda

Description of Kebeles that were affected by the drought and Kebeles at risk of drought in Fafan

zone

No Name of the Woredas

Total Kebeles

Names of Kebeles affected by the drought No. of Kebeles affected

No. of Kebeles at Risk

1. Jigjiga 41 Akaara , Jaama-boohaan , Sahartilay, Abdikabajaan, Yosle, Lammadaga, Harre, Daadhi, Andha-Diirshe, Daa’uud-aafi

10 32

2. Awbare 59 Dhabi, Gogti, Laasa’aano, Jirjir, Dharwanaje, Qotton, Balol, Bun’aade, Diirato, Hasaadin, Waraabyurur, Horaf, Hero-geel, Gabidheere, Jaarre etc

20 39

3. Kabribayah 29 Warabajiro, Harre,Fardda, Allaybaday, Bariisle, Horoqalifo, Gaebiile, Dibiile, Eegato and Maraagajo.

10 23

4. Harshin 15 Lafa-islamood,Dabayil-wayne,Waddo-makahil, Tiinka,Mada-wayn and Qudha’e raamaale

7 12

5. Tuliguleed 15 Darimu, Kontoma, Godanne etc 6 9 6. Gursum 15 Fafan, Tikdem, Dhufayska, Toomaha, Kubijaro,

Bushiman 6 9

7. Babile 17 Biqa, Dhadhamane , Ali Etoobia, Obasha , Garbadiima, El-gabayo and Aloobia,

7 10

8. Goljano 17 The Woreda was not assessed but 13 Kabeles are at risk of water shortage

13

Total 191 66 134 Source: Woredas’ Administration Office (January 2016)

34


Animal health status and suspected livestock disease in the zone

S/N Woredas Total Major

Kebeles Livestock Population

Common diseases in the zone

Types of suspected diseases since last three months

Species affected so far

9. Jigjiga 41 CCPP for shoats particularly goats CBPP for cattle PPR for shoats particularly goats FMD for cattle Anthrax for all species Pastrolosis for all species Internal and external parasite for all species Blackleg for cattle

SGP Shoat 10. Awbare 59 913,965 CCPP Shoat and

cattle 11. Kabribayah 29 935,800 CCPP, Antrax, PPR

&Pica All species

12. Harshin 15 560,000 CCPP, geedcaanole, Unkownd camel diseases, qanje, sembeb , furuq

All species

13. Tuliguleed 15 397,106 CCPP, PPR, SGP, Black legs Antrax,

All species

14. Gursum 15 273,139 PPR & SGP Shoat 15. Babile 17 354460 FMD, LSD and

others All species

16. Goljano 17 Not visited Hosted herds migrated from the zone.

Not visited Not visited

Total 208 Expected yield, actual harvest and food gap of the zone

No Woreda

Total population (A)

PSNP Beneficiaries (B)

Relief Beneficiaries (C)

PSNP + relief D=B+C

Gap (A-D)

Total Cultivated Land (Ha) (F)

Total Expected Yield (qnt) (G)

Actual Yield harvested (qnt) (H)

Estimated food deficit (qnt) (G-H)

Affected Kebeles

1 Gursum

58,000 18,000 10,000 28,000 30,000 17,550 115,000 7,000 108,000 6

2 Babile

97,825 53,150 28,000 81,150 16,675 32,000 256,000 65,000 191,000 7

3 Tulli-guleed

173,000 Non PSNP

36,500 36,000 137,000 124,000 2,330,365 75,408 2,254,957 6

4 Awbare

416,752 Non PSNP

35,000 35,000 381,752 36,711 400,000 20,768 379,232 20

5 K/Bayah

203,129 96,000 48,500 144,000 192,500 112,555 168,325 26,030 142,295 10

6 Harshin

101,156 37,489 25,000 62,489 38,667 4,000 36,000 2,700 33,300 7

7 Jig-jiga

137,500 Non PSNP

57670 57670 79,830 57,942 876,627 219,155 657,472 10

240,670 444,309 876,424 384,758 4,182,317 416,061 3,766,256 66


35


Description of Livestock feed status and feed gap analysis of the zone



Expected residue ( tone)

Actual residue obtained

Gap

1. Jigjiga 41 1,568,296 68,400 13,149 55,251 2. Awbare 59 913,965 44,050 1,246 42,804 3. Kabribayah 29 935,800 135,060 1,562 133,498 4. Harshin 15 560,000 4800 162 4638 5. Tuliguleed 15 397,106 148,800 4,524 144,276 6. Gursum 15 273,139 210,060 420 209,640 7. Babile 17 354460 38,400 3900 34,500 8. Gojano 17 Total 208 5,002,766 649,570 24,963 624,607

Average market prices of the zone for various commodities at Jijiga market (January 2016)

s/n Description of items Prices (ETB) Remarks 1. Camel : Export 1 15,000 2. Camel: Export 2 12,000 3. Camel : Export Grade 3 10500 4. Camel : Local Breeding 7500 5. Camel : Local Slaughter 8,500 6. Cattle: Local breading 5600 7. Charcoal (50 kg) 370 8. Fodder N/A 9. Firewood N/A 10. Ghee N/A 11. Maize (50kg) 350 12. Milk (camel)-Lit 16 13. Milk(Cattle)-Lit 16 14. Oxen: Export Grade 1 13,000 15. Oxen; Export Grade 2 9000 16. Oxen : Export Grade 3 7500 17. Oxen :Local slaughter 14,400 18. Shoat : Export 1,100 19. Shoat : Local (Breeding ) 700 20. Shoat : Local ( slaughter ) 600 21. Sorghum : whole sale (50kg) 740 22. Sugar : whole sale (50 kg) 150 23. Water prices ( 20 lit Jerry can ) 6 24. Wheat flour : 50kg0 430 25. Wheat : relief (50kg) 480

36

Annex VI – Student Dropout Data Student enrolment and dropouts from closed schools

No. Woreda

Total numbers of students No. of students Drop out as the result of emergency (from closed school)

ABE Formal ABE FORMAL M F T M F T M F T M f T

1 Gursum 811 647 1458 5001 3403 8404 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Babile 5104 4351 9455 5956 4434 10390 82 35 117 0 0 0

3 Tuliguled 7852 5547 13399 9628 7092 16720 0 0 0 360 271 631

4 Awbare 15340 10376 25716 26984 18443 45427 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 K/Bayah 8510 7261 15771 12650 9989 22639 162 88 250

162 88 250

6 Harshin 4573 3380 7953 3737 2230 5967 335 146 481 0 0 0

7 Jigjiga 6626 5011 11637 9662 7955 17617 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 48816 36573 85389 73618 53546 127164 579 269 848 522 359 631

DROUGHT IMPACT ON HUMANITARIAN SITUATION IN FAFAN … · 2020. 4. 30. · 2. KEY MESSAGE Drought,...

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