Drosophila melanogaster nomenclaturegenetics.wustl.edu/bio5491/files/2019/02/Drosophila...Drosophila...
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Drosophila melanogaster Nomenclature Advanced Genetics 2/14/19
Transcript of Drosophila melanogaster nomenclaturegenetics.wustl.edu/bio5491/files/2019/02/Drosophila...Drosophila...
Drosophila melanogasterNomenclature
Advanced Genetics 2/14/19
Why study flies?
• Fast life cycle (2 weeks)• Many behaviors/phenotypes to
study!
http://modencode.sciencemag.org/drosophila/introduction
Phenotypes
• Non-italicized • Describe animals:• Appearance• Behavior
• Examples:• White (eyes)• Notch (wings)• Fruitless (sexual behavior)
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/250/250SS16_14.html
Genes• Named for mutant phenotype
• Lower case if named for recessive mutant (ex: white (w))• Upper case if named for dominant mutant
(ex: Shaker (Sh))
• Italicized (both genes and alleles):• Gene name: fruitless• Gene symbol: fru• Placeholder name: CG14307
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4939-3777-6_1
Mutations
• Relative to wild type (fru+)• X linked written as superscripts to
the X chromosome• Xw (white gene on X chrom.)
• Alleles• Superscripted numbers: fru1, fru2, fru3• Alternatively: fru[1], fru[2], fru[3]• Note: may be omitted or shorthanded
(fru*, fru-) in some cases
http://dev.biologists.org/content/130/17/4001
Genotype
• Relative to wild type• Alleles listed in order of the standard
genetic map • X;Y;2;3;4
• Genes separated by spaces• Homologous chromosomes separated by a / and homozygous
chromosomes are defined only once• y1 w1 f1 implies y1 w1 f1 / y1 w1 f1
• Non-homologous chromosomes separated by a ;• bw1; e1; ey1
Balancer Chromosomes • Help preserve linkage—important genetic tool!• Many types: https://bdsc.indiana.edu/stocks/balancers/balancer_intro.html (Cyo,
SM6, TM3, etc.)• Carry dominant visible marker and multiple, overlapping inversions, and recessive
deleterious mutations • No viable progeny with recombinants on this chromosome• Progeny that don’t carry the marked chromosome must have the unmarked, non-
recombined chromosome
Proteins
• Non-italicized• Capitalized• Same names/symbols as
genes• Example:• Gene/gene symbol: hedgehog/hh• Protein/protein symbol:
Hedgehog/Hh
http://www.genetics.org/content/184/3/731
FlyBase—useful tool
Drosophila Strains• Use FlyBase• Order through BDSC
Resources
• https://bdsc.indiana.edu/stocks/index.html
• http://flybase.org/ http://www.cgslab.com/phenotypes/
Mutant Phenotype Encyclopedia
