DM Models and Concepts

Traditional Model DM CycleThe traditional approach to disaster management has been to regard it as a number of phased sequences of action or a continuum.These can be represented as a cycle.

Traditional Model DM Cycle

DISASTERResponse/ReliefRehabilitationReconstructionDevelopmentPreventionMitigationPreparedness

PreparednessMitigationReconstructionRehabilitationReliefDisaster impactRecovery phase

DisasterPreparednessPrevention/MitigationReconstructionEmergency ResponseEarly WarningRehabilitationRisk AssessmentAwareness and Capacity Building

Think of some other forms of DM Models??? Theory/Model is the "road map" by which we navigate through the chaos of disaster and risk situations and are thus able to manage them.(DavidAlexander)

Expand Contract ModelIn this model, disaster management is seen as a continuous process.There is a series of activities that run parallel to each other rather than as a sequence

Expand Contract Model

Expand Contract DM Model

Think of some other forms of DM Models??? Theory/Model is the "road map" by which we navigate through the chaos of disaster and risk situations and are thus able to manage them.(DavidAlexander)

Disaster Crunch ModelIt is a framework for understanding and explaining the causes of disaster and adopts a cause-effect perspective. It is a pressure model. Vulnerability (pressure) is seen as rooted in socio-economic and political processes. These have to be addressed (released) for disaster risk reduction.The model reveals a progression of vulnerability. It begins with underlying causes in society that prevents satisfying demands of the people.

The low-income people may occupy land with low demand that may be disaster-prone. They may not have the income to adhere to safe practices and building codes. They may not have proper sanitary conditions, water supply and other utilities. The local governments may come under pressure to provide them but would be unable to do so. (Are these situation not uncommon???)But these are dynamic communities that grow and change adding more and more pressure on limited resources. They may show low literacy rates, lack of awareness of disaster potential or preparedness, lack of proper health care which decrease strength to withstand disaster impact.Disaster Crunch Model

DisasterDisaster Crunch Model

Disaster Crunch Model

Release of Pressures to reduce flood disaster riskProgression of safetyReduce Hazard a range of measures to reduce the intensity of certainhazard:

DamsChannelingWater storage etc. Achieve Safe ConditionsReducePressuresAddress Root Causes Safe place to go Warning system Diversify sources of livelihood Raise public awareness Community organizing high Literacy Skilled community Health Workers Community spirit Protected environmentFlood plain managementParticipation in political decision making Capacity to negotiate resources from GO / NGOsAdvocacy on local level With Resettlement human rights, land tenure, etc.Employment OpportunitiesIncrease the access & control of vulnerable groups to power structures and resources (land, services, budget, markets, etc.)

Through advocacy challenging any ideology, political or economic system that causes or increase vulnerability ReducedDisaster RiskA Resilient community

Minimize loss of lifeLimited damageSustained family Income, social fallback mechanismsAware of hazard risks Counter disaster plan existsFunctional community organizationetc. Progression of Hazard Reduction

DRM ModelsAll disasters are emergencies but not all emergencies are necessary to be converted to disastersA paradigm shift has been observed in disaster risk management in the recent past. It started with provision of humanitarian aid. Now, it has grown in to a discipline where many inputs are required by different professionals.It encompasses techniques for hazard assessment, risk reduction, prevention and early warning, social and economic interventions, support from health workers, engineers, information scientists, land use planners, policy markers and political authorities, and why not GIS professionals!!!All of them have to contribute to total risk management process.

Evolution of Disaster Management Practices

The architecture and metamorphosis of human culture

Possible evolutions of models of disaster