Chapter 8 Lecture Drinking Alcohol Responsibly and Ending Tobacco Use © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Drinking Responsibly: A Lifestyle Challenge on Campus
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Transcript of Drinking Responsibly: A Lifestyle Challenge on Campus
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture SlidePowerPoint® Lecture SlidePresentation prepared byPresentation prepared by
Michael HallMichael Hall
1212Drinking Drinking
Responsibly:Responsibly:A Lifestyle A Lifestyle
Challenge on Challenge on CampusCampus
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Objectives
• Summarize the alcohol use patterns of college students, and discuss overall trends in consumption.
• Explain the physiological and behavioral effects of alcohol.
• Explain the symptoms and causes of alcoholism, its cost to society, its and effects on the family.
• Explain the treatment of alcoholism, including the family’s role, and varied treatment methods.
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Alcohol and College Students
• Approximately 85% of college students consume alcohol
• 1/3 of college students are heavy drinkers
• College drinkers spend more on alcoholic beverages than on soft drinks and textbooks combined
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Table 12.1 The Frequency and Effects of Binge Drinking among College Students
Table 12.1
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Binge Drinking and College Students
• Binge drinking – 5 drinks in a row for men, 4 drinks in a row for women on a single occasion
• According to the Harvard School of Public Health, 2001:
• 44.8% of students were binge drinkers
• 22.8% were frequent drinkers (binge drink 3 or more times in a 2-week period)
• Frequent binge drinkers are 16 times more likely to miss class, 8 times more likely to get behind in their school work
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Table 12.2 Psychological and Physical Effects of Various Blood-Alcohol Concentration Levels
Table 12.2
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Figure 12.1 Alcoholic Beverages and Their Alcohol Equivalencies
Figure 12.1
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The Chemical Makeup of Alcohol
• Ethyl alcohol or ethanol – the intoxicating substance
• Fermentation – yeast organisms break down plant sugars, yielding ethanol and carbon dioxide
• Distillation – alcohol vapors from the fermented mash are collected and mixed with water
• Proof – the measure of percentage of alcohol; the alcohol percentage is 50% of the given proof:
• 100 proof vodka is 50% alcohol by volume
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Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
• BAC – the ratio of alcohol to total blood volume
• Despite individual differences, alcohol produces some general behavioral effects depending on BAC
• Learned behavioral tolerance – person learns to modify their behavior to appear sober despite a high BAC
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Absorption and Metabolism
• Alcohol molecules are sufficiently small and fat-soluble to be absorbed throughout the entire gastrointestinal system
• Factors that influence how quickly body absorbs alcohol:
• Alcohol concentration in beverage
• Amount of alcohol consumed
• Amount of food in stomach
• Pylorspasm
• Mood
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Alcohol Poisoning
• Death from alcohol poisoning can be caused by central nervous system and respiratory depression or inhalation of vomit or fluid into the lungs
• The amount of alcohol that causes someone to “pass out” is dangerously close to the “lethal dose”
• Signs of alcohol poisoning:
• Unable to be aroused
• Weak, rapid pulse
• Unusual or irregular breathing pattern
• Cool, damp, pale, bluish skin
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Women and Alcohol
• Women have different body fat composition than men
• Women have half the amount of alcohol hydrogenase, the enzyme that breaks down alcohol; if a woman and a man drink the same amount of alcohol, the woman will have a BAC that is 30% higher
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Table 12.3 Calculation of Estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration for Women and Men
Table 12.3.1
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Table 12.3 Calculation of Estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration for Women and Men (continued)
Table 12.3.2
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Immediate Effects
• The primary action of alcohol is to depress the central nervous system
• Diuretic – results in fluid being drawn out of cerebrospinal fluid and leads to mitochondrial dehydration
• Alcohol irritates the gastrointestinal system
• Hangover
• Congeners – forms of alcohol that are metabolized slower than ethanol and more toxic
• Drug interactions
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Table 12.4 Drugs and Alcohol: Actions and Interactions
Table 12.4
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Long-Term Effects
• Effects on the nervous system
• Cardiovascular effects• Antithrombotic effect
• Liver disease – alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis
• Cancer
• Irritant to gastrointestinal system
• Inflammation of the pancreas
• Block absorption of calcium
• Interferes with immunity
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Alcohol and Pregnancy
• Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) – alcohol consumed during the first trimester may affect organ development, alcohol consumed during the last trimester may affect the central nervous system development
• Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) – children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure but with fewer than the full physical or behavioral symptoms of FAS
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Drinking And Driving
• Approximately 41% of traffic fatalities in 2002 were alcohol related
• According to the College Alcohol Study, 20% of nonbingers, 43% of occasional bingers, and 59% of frequent bingers reported driving while intoxicated
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Figure 12.2 Percentage of Fatally Injured Passenger Vehicle Drivers with BACs >0.10 Percent, by Driver Age
Figure 12.2
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Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
• Alcohol abuse – interferes with work, school, or social and family relationships or entails any violation of the law
• Alcoholism – when personal and health problems related to alcohol use are severe and stopping alcohol consumption results in withdrawal symptoms
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The Causes of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
• Biological and family factors:
• Type 1 alcoholics – drinkers that had at least one parent of either sex that was a problem drinker
• Type 2 alcoholics – seen in males only, biological sons of alcoholic fathers
• Social and cultural factors:
• Social pressure
• Family attitude toward drinking
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Effects of Alcoholism on the Family
• Children in alcoholic dysfunctional families generally assume at least one of the following roles:
• Family hero
• Scapegoat
• Lost child
• Mascot
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Costs to Society
• Half of all traffic accidents are attributable to alcohol
• In1998, alcohol related costs to society were $184.6 billion when health insurance, criminal justice costs, treatment costs, and lost productivity were factored in
• Responsible for 25% of nation’s medical costs and lost earnings
• 50% of all child abuse cases are the result of alcohol-related problems
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Women and Alcoholism
• Trend is for women, especially college-age women to drink more heavily
• Some studies suggest that there are almost as many female as male alcoholics
• Women get addicted faster with less alcohol
• Female alcoholics have death rates 50–100% higher than male alcoholics
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Recovery
• The family’s role
• Treatment programs:
• Private treatment facilities
• Family therapy, individual therapy, and group therapy
• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
• Al-Anon
• Alateen
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Relapse
• Approximately 60% of alcoholics relapse within the first three months of treatment
• A comprehensive approach is needed – drug therapy, group support, family therapy, and personal counseling designed to improve living and coping skills is usually the most effective course of treatment