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DEEP DRILLING, DEEP POCKETS:
Expenditures of the Natural Gas Industry
in New York to Influence Public Policy
PART III: Campaign Contributions
A Report by Common Cause/New York
January 2012
74 Trinity Place, Suite 901
New York, NY 10006
www.commoncause.org/ny
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This report was prepared by Susan Lerner, Deanna Bitetti and
Brian Paul of Common Cause/New York with the assistance of
Common Cause/NY interns Louis Cholden‐Brown, Katie Claro,
and Christina Levin
We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Park Foundation
Contact Brian Paul at 212‐691‐6421 or via email at
[email protected] with any questions you may have.
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1
OnJune30,2011GovernorAndrewCuomoliftedayear‐longmoratoriumonthepracticeof high
volumehydraulicfracturing(fracking)inNewYorkStateputinplacebytheStateLegislatureandhis
predecessorGovernorDavidPaterson.GovernorCuomofurtherdirectedtheDepartmentof
EnvironmentalConservation(DEC)toreleasethefirstrounddraftof theSupplementalGeneric
EnvironmentalImpactStatement(dSGEIS).
Immediatelyuponissuingthesedirectives,GovernorCuomoappointeda“High‐VolumeHydraulic
FracturingAdvisoryPanel”responsiblefordraftingrecommendationsaimedatensuringthatDECand
otheragenciesareenabledtoproperlyoversee,monitor,andenforcerulesgoverningdrilling
procedures,aswellastomakerecommendationsonhowbesttomitigateimpactstolocal
governments.1
OnSeptember7th2011,GovernorCuomo’sDECofficiallyreleasedthereviseddraftSupplemental
GenericEnvironmentalImpactStatement(rdSGEIS)forhighvolumehydraulicfracturing(fracking)in
NewYorkState.2ThepubliccommentperiodwillendJanuary11,2012andhasincludedonlyfour
publichearings
for
the
entire
state.
In
addition,
DEC
has
not
committed
to
forestall
permitting
until
regulationshavebeenfinalized.Byissuingdraftregulationsbeforetheenvironmentalreviewprocessis
complete,DECisdeprivingNewYorkersof theopportunityfortheircommentstobeconsideredinthe
developmentof thosedraftregulationsandinlightof thefinalSGEIS.
Goodgovernancerequiresathoughtfulanddeliberativeapproachwheneverwearelookingtocreateor
implementpublicpolicydecisions.Thehydrofracturingdebateisacomplexissuewithextraordinary
economicandenvironmentalconsequencesforNewYorkState.CommonCause/NYhasshownover
andoveragainthatthenaturalgasindustryisseekingtoexertinfluenceonourstategovernmentas
decisionsabouthydro‐frackinginNewYorkStatemoveforward.AstheNewYorkTimesnotedina
recentarticle,
“the
lobbying
push
in
New
York
comes
as
part
of
abroader
industry
effort
to
influence
publicopiniononnaturalgasdrillingandtopersuadelawmakersingas‐richstatestolookmore
favorablytowardallowingit,”creatinga“cottageindustryforpaidlobbyists”.3
InpreviousreportsbyCommonCause/NYentitled"DeepDrilling,DeepPockets:Expendituresof the
NaturalGasIndustryinNewYorktoInfluencePublicPolicy,"weprovidedadetailedanalysisof the
naturalgasindustry'slobbyingexpendituresinNewYorkState.WeshowedthatasNewYorkState
determineswhethertopermitnaturalgasexploitationusingthecontroversialhydraulicfracturing
technique,industryhaspouredmillionsof dollarsintolobbyingtheGovernorandtheNewYorkState
Legislature.Theinfluenceof privateinterestmoneyonthepartof thenaturalgascompaniesstandsto
undulytip
the
balance.
Overthepastyear,CommonCause/NYhascalledonGovernorCuomoandtheNewYorkState
Departmentof EnvironmentalConservationtoextendthepubliccommentperiodbeyondthemodestly
extendeddeadlineof January11th.Reasonstosupportanextensionincludethedesireof constituents
tohaveadequatetimeforreviewof thedocument,lingeringdoubtsabouttheabilityof theDECto
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properlyregulatethenaturalgasindustrygivenbudgetconstraints,andgeneralapprehensionover
hydro‐frackinginNewYorkbecauseof thelargeamountsof moneyindustryhasinjectedintothis
debatetoinfluenceelectedofficials.CommonCause/NYbelievesalongerextensionwillhelptoensure
thattheprocessbywhichregulatoryoversightwillbeconductedisproperlyvettedandthattheprocess
includesadequateopportunitiesforpublicparticipation.
ItisclearthatNewYorkhastheopportunitytobeanationalmodelinthewayinwhichitapproaches
regulationof naturalgasextractionthroughhydrofracking,if itisabletoresisttheconcertedeffortto
swayorhastentheprocess.Becausetheconsequencesof inadequateregulationmayhaveirreversible
consequencesforthestate’swaterandenvironment,citizens’concernsthattheregulatorydecisions
maynotbemadewithappropriatedeliberationandbasedonfactsandscienceareheightenedby
recentevents.
! The$223,000studyof theimpactsof hydro‐frackingonNewYorkStatewasconductedby
EcologyandEnvironmentInc.,aglobalenvironmentalandconsultingfirmthatcountsoiland
gascompanies
among
its
clients
and
that
could
potentially
gain
business
from
increased
drilling
inthestate,asfirstreportedbytheNewYorkTimes.TheStateisspendingalmost$1,000apage
tohaveanoutsideconsultantstudytheimpactsof hydro‐fracking.Themereperceptionof a
conflictof interestonthepartof thecompanythatiswritingthisreportbecauseof the
opportunityforself ‐gainduetoanexpeditedpermittingprocessforfrackingbegsforamore
thoroughvettingof thereportbycommunitygroups,advocatesandconstituents.
! Inastateaslargeasours,NewYorkersdeservetohavetheDEChostmorethan justfourpublic
hearings.InNewYorkCitywithapopulationof roughlyeightmillionpeople,thestatehosted
onlyonemeetingandinWesternNewYorkovereighthundredpeoplelineduptospeakatone
of thepublichearings.Inaddition,partsof CentralNewYorkandotherareaswheredrillingwill
haveadirectimpactonqualityof lifeandcommunitieshavebeencompletelyleftoutof the
hearingprocess.
InordertobesurethatthedocumentthatwillregulatehowfrackingisconductedinNewYorkStateis
seenaslegitimateandcontainstheproperregulatoryoversightmechanismsandprocedures,itis
imperativethattheprocessbeastransparentaspossibleandengageasmanystakeholdersaspossible.
Intheprocessof determiningourstate'spoliciestowardstheuseof hydro‐frackingtoextractnatural
gasfromshaleformations,NewYork'selectedrepresentativesandappointedofficialsmuststrikethe
rightbalance,weighingpotentialeconomicbenefitsagainstpotentialenvironmentalcatastrophe.This
meanstakingasmuchtimeaspossibletoensureregulatoryoversightandmechanismsareinplaceand
thatasmuchpublicandexpertinputaspossibleisgarnered,aswellastakingcarethatindustryefforts
toswaytheprocessarefullydisclosedandapparenttothepublic.
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Methodology:!
Topreparethisreport,CommonCause/NYidentifiedcampaigncontributionsgivenbynaturalgas
interestsfromJanuary2007toOctober2011asreportedtotheBoardof Elections.
Forthepurposesof thisreport,wedefined“naturalgasinterests”ashavingasignificantfinancialstake
inthe
expansion
of
hydraulic
fracturing
in
the
Marcellus
Shale.
This
definition
includes
the
corporations
directlyinvolvedinthedrillingaswellasthoseinvolvedinthedistributionandtransmissionof Marcellus
gasandtheenergyitwillproduce.
Ourpreviousanalysisof lobbyingrecordsforgroupshavinglobbiedontwomoratoriumbillsintheState
Legislaturein2010helpedsetafoundationforourdataset.Weincludednamesof anycompanywith
pendingleasesbeforetheDepartmentof EnvironmentalConservation,aswellascrossreferenced
namesof companieswithlistsof companynamesprovidedtousbygrassrootsadvocacygroupsand
environmentalgroups.Wealsousedsuchwebsitesaswikimarcellus.comandindustrypublicationslike
thePipelineandGasJournaltofurtherpopulateourlistof naturalgasentities.Wethenranthenames
of entitieswehadidentifiedthroughthecampaigncontributiondatabasewhichCommonCause/NYhas
builtfrominformationobtainedfromthestateBoardof Elections.
Thelistof naturalgasentitiesidentifiedinthisreportisadmittedlyincomplete.Theidentifyingof
naturalgasentitiesisanon‐goingprocess.If youbelievetherearecompaniesorfirmsthatarenotlisted
inthisreportthatshouldbeincluded,pleasecontactResearchCoordinatorBrianPaulat
[email protected]‐691‐6421.
!
SUMMARY!
FromJanuary2007toOctober2011,theNaturalGasindustrymade2,349!campaign!contributionsto
stateandlocallevelNewYorkpoliticiansandparties.Thesecontributionsrepresentover$1.34!million!
in!industry !spending!"!$1,340,246.58 .Whatimpactdoesoveramillionindustrydollarsdistributedto
candidatesandcommitteesaroundthestatehaveontheofficialssettingpublicpolicy?That’sthe
questionwhichNewYorkersshouldbeaskingtheirelectedrepresentativesandappointedofficialsas
NewYorkStatedetermineswhethertopermit,andhowtoregulate,naturalgasexploitationusingthe
controversialhydraulicfracturingtechnique.
Thisreportanalyzesthemoniesspentbyindustrytoinfluencedecision‐makingatalllevelsof
governmentsothatthepubliccanmorefullyunderstandthepolicymakingprocessandholdtheir
representativesaccountabletoensurethatitisfairandobjective.
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Heavy!Hitters:!The!Gas!Industry’s!“Dirty!Dozen”!
!
Thefollowingtoptwelvecompaniesandgasassociationscontributed !$1,215,257.2!toelectedofficials
andcampaigncommitteesacrossthestate,representingover90%of thetotalamountof campaign
contributionsacross
the
natural
gas
industry.
!
!
4
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InNewYorkState,whereonly7%of campaigncontributionscomefromsmalldonors
contributing$250orless4
,theamountscontributedbythe“DirtyDozen”aresignificant.significant.
National!GridNational!Grid –Publiclytradedutility(NGG:$35billionmarketcap)operatingregulatedelectricityand
naturalgasinfrastructureintheUnitedKingdomandUnitedStates.Withoverthreemillioncustomers,
NationalGridisthelargestdistributerof naturalgasintheNortheastUS .InNewYork,NationalGrid
provideselectricityandnaturalgasdistributionforLongIslandandmuchof upstate.WhileNationalGrid
engagesonabroadarrayof energyissues,thecompanyhasasignificantstakeintheexpansionof
frackingintheMarcellusShaleduetoitsinvestmentsingastransmissioninfrastructure.NationalGrid
hasalarge
ownership
stake
in
the
Millennium
Pipeline,
5
6alarge
natural
gas
pipeline
running
from
the
SouthernTierMarcellusregionstoRocklandCounty.
InanarticleinthePipeline!and !Gas! Journal ,aNationalGridexecutiveexplainedhiscompany’ssupport
forfrackingintheMarcellus:
5
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“Fundamentally,Marcellusisaboutenhancedreliabilityforus;adiversityof supplyoptions,
newpathsandgreaterflexibilitytodealwithmattersonanhourlyanddailybasis.Marcellus
representsaclean,localandpotentiallyendlesssupplyof NaturalGas,thisisgoingtobegreat
forourcustomers.Inourminds,alargesupplysourcepotentiallyhastheabilitytoreduce
volatilityandreducepriceslongterm…the[Millennium]pipelineisanassetthatissittingrightin
themiddle
of
the
Marcellus
shale
gas
play;
it
represents
another
viable
path
as
time
goes
on.
ThepipelineisnicelypositionedandwillbecomeagreatpieceinbringinggastotheNYC
metropolitanarea.”7
Con!Edison! –!Publiclytradedutility(ED:$17billionmarketcap)operatingregulatedelectricityand
naturalgasinfrastructureintheNewYorkCitymetropolitanarea.Deliversnaturalgastoroughly1.1
millioncustomersinNewYorkCityandWestchesterCounty.WhileConEdengagesonawidearrayof
energyissues,thecompany,likeNationalGrid,hasasignificantstakeintheexpansionof frackinginthe
MarcellusShaleduetoitsinvestmentsingastransmissioninfrastructure.ConEdisinpartnershipwith
SpectraEnergyCorp,StatoilNaturalGas,andChesapeakeAppalachiaontheexpansionof theTexas
Easternand
Algonquin
Gas
pipeline
systems
to
deliver
Marcellus
gas
directly
to
Con
Ed’s
distribution
systeminNewYorkCity.8Upontheannouncementof thispartnership,ChesapeakeCEOAubrey
McClendonstated“Chesapeake'sindustry‐leadingpositionintheMarcellusShaleprovidestheperfect
supplysourcetohelpenergyconsumersintheNewYorkCityareareducetheirdependenceon
expensiveimportedoilandcarbon‐heavycoal.”ConEd’sreasonsforsupportingfrackingarelikely
similartothoseexpressedbyNationalGrid;Marcellusrepresentsalargelocalsupplysourcethatcan
helpreducevolatilityandstabilizeprices.
National!Fuel!""!Withalmosthalf of itsincomecomingfromitspipelineandstoragesegment,which
providesinterstatenaturalgastransportationandstorageservices,aswellasanactiveexploration
business,National
Fuel
has
akeen
interest
in
supporting
fracking
in
New
York
State.
National
Fuel,
accordingtoitswebsite,isan“integratedenergycompany”with$4billioninassetsspreadacrossfive
principalsegments.Thelargestof thosesegmentsare:ExplorationandProduction(SenecaResources
Corporation),PipelineandStorage(NationalFuelGasSupplyCorporationandEmpireStatePipeline)and
Utility(NationalFuelGasDistributionCorporation).SenecaResourcesCorphasitsheadquartersin
Houston,Texas.SenencaisalargenaturalgasandoilcompanywithinterestsintheAppalachianRegion
includingtheMarcellusShaleandisoneof thelargestnaturalgascompaniesinPennsylvania.
FormoreinformationonNationalFuelseeCommonCause/NY’sreport“CONNECTTHEDOTS:National
Fuel:PowerPlayerinNewYorkState,”atwww.commoncause.org/ny/nationalfuel!
The!Independent
!Power
!Producers
!of
!New
!York,
!Inc.
!(IPPNY)
is
atrade
association
representing
companiesinvolvedinthedevelopmentof electricgeneratingfacilities,thegeneration,sale,and
marketingof electricpower,andthedevelopmentof naturalgasfacilitiesintheStateof NewYork.
IPPNY‐NYdefinesitself,forexample,asa“tradeassociationrepresentingmorethan100companies
involvedinthedevelopmentof generation,marketingandsaleof electricpowerandnaturalgasinNew
YorkState,”andnotonlyisalargecontributorof campaigncontributionstovariouscandidates,butalso
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isarecipientof fundsfromothernaturalgascompanies.IPPNYrepresentsalmost75percentof the
electricgeneratingcapacityinNewYork.IPPNYhasbeenastrongsupporterof drillinginNYandhas
opposedbillsattemptingtoplaceamoratoriumondrillingintheMarcellusShale.9
Competitive!Power!Ventures!(CPV)!""!Backedbymorethan$300millionindevelopmentfunding
fromWarburg
Pincus
10
,CPV
has
embarked
on
an
aggressive
development
program
for
natural
gas
powergenerationfacilities;bothcombined‐cycleandpeakingunits.TheCompanyhasdirectedits
developmenteffortatregionsintheU.S.andCanadawhereoldercoal‐firedpowerplantsareinlinefor
replacement.!
NYSEG!/!RG!&!E!/!Iberdrola! –!NYSEG(NewYorkStateElectricandGas)andRG&E(RochesterGasand
Electric)aresubsidiariesof IberdrolaUSA.Together,thetwocompaniesserveover500,000naturalgas
customers,mostlyinWesternNewYorkandtheSouthernTier.11Iberdrolaisaglobalenergy
conglomeratebasedinSpainwithamarketcapof over30billioneuros.NYSEG,RG&E,andIberdrola
supporttheexpansionof thenaturalgasindustryanditsdomesticproductionintheUS.
Constellation!Energy –Publiclytradedenergycompany(CEG:$7.7billionmarketcap),Constellationis
thenation'slargestcompetitivesupplierof electricitytolargecommercialandindustrialcustomersand
thenation'slargestwholesalepowerseller.41%of Constellation’senergysuppliescomefromNatural
Gas12.In2011,ConstellationwasboughtbyExelonCorp,forminganewcombinedcompanythatisone
of thelargestenergyprovidersinthecounty.Thecompanyisshiftingitsfocusfromdevelopmentof new
nuclearpowerplantstonaturalgas.ExelonCEOJohnRowerecentlystatedhissupportforfrackingin
theMarcellusatanenergyconferenceinPhiladelphia:“WhatwehavetodayinPennsylvania,inthe
wholeNortheast,isthegreatdomesticblessingof cheapnaturalgas…Icanbuildgas‐firedcapacityin
waysthatallowPennsylvaniatocompetewithChina…fearsabouthydraulicfracturingwillmostlyprove
untrue.”13
Central!Hudson!Gas!&!Electric –isasubsidiaryof CHEnergyGroupandisapubliclytradedelectricity
andnaturalgasutility(CHG:$865millionmarketcap)operatinginthecentralHudsonValley.The
companyisastrongproponentof frackingintheMarcellus.CEOStevenLantrecentlystatedthat
frackingisaneconomicopportunity“toogoodtopassup”andbelievesthatitwill“leveltheplaying
fieldwhenitcomestotheNortheast’senergymarketaswellashelpcurbtheexodusof jobsand
populationthatNewYorkStatehasbeenexperiencing.14”
Dominion!ResourcesakaDominionTransmissionInc.(NEWYORKSTATEE:D,$30billionmarketcap)is
a
Richmond,
Virginia‐
based
public
utility
that
operates
one
of
the
largest
natural
gas
distribution
and
storagenetworksintheUnitedStates.Dominionisalsoaproducer –thecompanyownsdrillingrightsin
600,000to800,000acresof theMarcellusShaleandisactivelyengagedinleasingtheserightstodrillers
suchasAnteroResources.15
IOGA! –!Independent!Oil!and!Gas!Association!""!istheprimarytradeorganizationforcompaniesand
professionalsinthefossilfuelproductionindustryinNewYork.IOGAanditsExecutiveDirectorBradGill
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havebeenvocalsupportersof openingNewYork’sMarcellusforfracking.Regardingthe2010
moratoriumbill,BradGillstated“Itwouldbeirresponsibletoseelawmakerscavetothescaretacticsof
radicalopponents,anditwouldbeaslapinthefacetolandowners,NewYorktaxpayers,allthepeople
of theSouthernTier,aswellastheDEC,toallowamoratoriumbilltopassintheLegislature.”16IOGA
maintainsthe“MarcellusFacts.com”website,whichispresentedasanobjectivesourceof public
informationon
the
Marcellus
Shale
fracking
issue.
Chesapeake!Appalachia! –anditspubliclyparentcompanyChesapeakeEnergyCorporation(CHK:$15
billionmarketcap)isthesecond‐largestproducerof naturalgasintheUnitedStatesandthemostactive
drillerof newwellsinthenation.InNewYork,Chesapeakehasbeenoneof theindustry’smost
aggressivepromoters,spendingalmost$1.7milliononlobbyingsince2007,includingamillion‐dollar
grassrootsadvertisingcampaignin2010.FormoreinformationonChesapeake’slobbyingactivitiesand
thelobbyingactivitiesof othernaturalgasentitiesinNewYork,seeCommonCause/NY’sreport“Deep
Drilling,DeepPockets,PartII‐LobbyingExpenditures”
NRG!
Energy!
–!
is
a
publicly
traded
energy
corporation
(NRG:
$4.13
billion
market
cap)
that
owns
numerousnaturalgaspowerplantsinNewYorkandplanstobuildabrandnewplantinConEd’sAstoria
complexthisyear.17NRGalsoownsEnergyPlusCompany,arapidlygrowingdistributerof naturalgasin
NewYork.NRGBoardMemberKathleenMcGintywasnamedasoneof sevenmembersof President’s
Obama’shydraulicfracturingstudypanel.18
Thisreport’snaturalgasindustrydatasetalsoincludes26!other!companies/organizations!which!made!
campaign!contributions!to!New!York!State!politicians/parties!but!did!not!exceed!$20,000!in!total!
donations.19Foradetailedspreadsheetof everytransaction,pleasecontactBrianPaulat
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
8
The!Business
!Council
!of
!New
!York
!State
!and
!Unshackle
!Upstate
!!
NewYork’smostinfluentialstatewidebusinesslobby,TheBusinessCouncilof NEWYORKSTATE,hasbeenastrong
supporterof openingtheMarcellusShaleforfracking.FormerPresidentandCEOKennethAdams,appointedtolead
theEmpireStateDevelopmentCorporationbyGovernorCuomo,isamajorcheerleaderfortheindustryandvocally
opposedthe2010moratoriumbill*.TheBusinessCouncil’spromotionof theeconomicbenefitsof frackingcontinues
underacting‐presidentHeatherBriccettiandisoneof theorganization’stoplegislativepriorities**.
From!January!2007!to!October!2011,!the!natural!gas!industry!entities!identified!in!this!report!contributed!$19,300!to!
the!Business!Council!PAC.!The!Business!Council!PAC!contributed!over!$280,000!to!New!York!State!politicians!and!
parties!during!this!period,!an!amount!that!included!$83,750!to!Senate!Republican!soft!money,!$26,900!to!Assembly!
Democratic!soft!money,!and!$9,000!to!Cuomo"Duffy!2010.!!The!Business!Council!is!also!one!of !New!York’s!top!
lobbyists,!spending
!over
!$3.2
!million
!during
!this
!period
!to
!build
!influence
!in
!Albany.
!
AnothermajorbusinessorganizationsupportingfrackingistheUnshackleUpstatecampaign***, backedbyupstate
businessinterestsincludingtheRochesterBusinessAllianceandBuffalo‐NiagaraPartnership.ExecutiveDirectorBrian
Sampsonisoftenquotedinfavorof frackinginthepress.Unshackle!Upstate!spent!$841,783!on!lobbying!from!2007!
to!October!2011!on!a!combination!of !direct!lobbying!and!grassroots!strategies!addressing!a!myriad!of !issues.
*http://www.bcNewYorkState.org/inside/energy/2009/110909DECMarcellusTestimony.htm
**http://www.bcNewYorkState.org/inside/actionagenda.htm
***http://www.unshackleupstate.com/legislative‐activity/legislative‐memos/energy‐and‐environment/hydro‐moratorium
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Spreading!Gas!Money!Around!
Lookingatthedetailedbreakdownof the$1.34millioninnaturalgasindustrycampaigncontributions
fromJanuary2007toOctober2011,almost75%of themoneywenttotheStateLegislature(State
Senatecandidates,statepartysoftmoney,andStateAssemblycandidates).
WhilecandidatesfortheStateSenatereceivedthelargestshare,over$300,000wenttotheSenateand
Assembly“softmoney”accountsthatarefreefromlimitations.Donatingtothelegislature’ssoftmoney
accountsisanimportantwaytobuildinfluencewiththeSenateandAssemblyleaders.
Over$200,000wenttofundgubernatorialcampaigns,andalmost$100,000wenttovariouslocal
candidatesaroundthestate(includingcountyexecutives,countylegislators,citycouncilmembers,town
supervisors,andmayors)andalmost$30,000wenttocountyandtownlevellocalpartycommittees.
9
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Looking
at
the
breakdown
of
the
state
legislative
donations
by
party,
natural!
gas!
interests!
favored!
Republican!candidates!and!soft!money!accounts!in!the!Senate!by!more!than!2!to!1.
In!the!Assembly,!natural!gas!interests!donated!more!to!Democratic!candidates!than!Republican!
candidates,!but!gave!more!to!Republican!Assembly!soft!money.!
!
10
!
!
!
!
!
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!
The!Cuomo"Duffy!2010!campaign!was!by!far!the!largest!gubernatorial!recipient!of !natural!gas!industry!
money,!receiving!a!total!of !$153,816.06!from!January!2007!to!October!2011.!
Duringhiscampaign,Cuomoreleasedanenergypolicypositionpaperstatingthat“theeconomic
potentialfromtheMarcellusshalecouldprovideabadlyneededboosttotheeconomyof theSouthern
Tier,”buttemperedthissupportbynotingthatit“mustnotcomeattheexpenseof humanhealthor
adverseenvironmentalimpacts20.”
Shortlyafterhereleasedthispositionpaper,CityLimitsrananarticlenotingthat“Powercompanies
withastake
in
natural
gas
are
among
Cuomo's
largest
campaign
contributors.”
21
!
11
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Top!10!State!Legislative!Recipients!of !Natural!Gas!Money!
The!Top!10!State!Legislative!recipients!of !natural!gas!industry!contributions!collected!$231,557.00!
from!January!2007!to!October!2011.
In!addition!to!the!focus!on!the!Republican!members!of !the!State!Senate!majority,!the!natural!gas!
industry!has!targeted!leaders!and!members!of !the!Energy!Committees!in!both!the!Senate!and!
Assembly!as!well!as!Senators!representing!the!Southern!Tier!and!Finger!Lakesareasof thestatethat
willbeattheepicenterof drillingactivityif frackingisapproved.
George!Maziarz!(R)!62nd
!SD! –!SenateVicePresidentProTempore.HoldingakeypositionasChairof
theSenateEnergyCommittee,GeorgeMaziarzistheSenate’smostenthusiasticandoutspoken
supporterof
the
natural
gas
industry
and
hydro
‐fracking.
Maziarz
voted
against
the
2010
moratorium
billandhasreleasednumerouspressbulletins22insupportof fracking.SenatorMaziarzrecently
attendedanIOGAgasindustryconferencewherehestated“It’sbeenproventhatit[fracking]canbe
doneinasafeway,”andsuggestedthathishomeregionof NiagaraFallscouldseean“economicboom”
frompurifyingtoxicfrackingfluids.23Withalmost$40,000inindustrycontributionssince2007,there’s
noquestionthatMaziarz’campaignfundshavealreadyseenaneconomicboomfromfracking.
12
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13
Michael!Nozzolio!(R)!54th
!SD! –!RepresentstheFingerLakesregionof WesternNewYork,including
areaswherehydro‐frackingispredictedtotakeplace.IncontrasttoSenatorMaziarz’senthusiastic
promotionof theindustry,SenatorNozzoliohasbeenmorecautiousaboutembracingfracking.He
votedinfavorof the2010moratoriumandhascalledforadditionalprotectionsforallFingerLakes
watersheds.24Asamemberof theSenatemajorityrepresentingadistrictwherefrackingwilllikelytake
place,Nozzolio’s
reluctance
to
embrace
fracking
is
significant
and
the
natural
gas
industry
has
an
importantstakeinseekingtoinfluencetheSenator’sstance.
Kevin!Cahill!(D)!101st!AD! –HoldsakeypositiontothenaturalgasindustryasChairof theAssembly
EnergyCommittee.Inhispublicstatements,AssemblyMemberCahill’spositiononfrackingissimilarto
thatof GovernorCuomo –temperedsupportfor“safe”regulateddrilling.25
Dean!Skelos!(R)!9th
!SD –AstheSenateMajorityLeadersincetheRepublicansretookthechamberin
2011,Skelospossessespowerfulinfluenceovertherestof theRepublicanSenatemembers.Publicly,
SenatorSkeloshasexpressedsupportforfrackingbutisoftencarefultoemphasizetheneedforsound
regulationof
the
industry:
“We
need
to
let
the
experts
determine
the
environmental
impact
of
hydraulic
fracturingaswealsoconsiderthepotentiallysubstantialeconomicboostforareasof thestatethatare
indireneedof jobs.”26
Kevin!Parker!(D)!21st!SD –SenatorParkerwasChairof SenateEnergyduringthebrief Democratic
majorityof 2009‐2010.Morethan75%of hisnaturalgasindustrydonationscameduringthisperiod.
ButSenatorParkerhasnotbeentheindustry’sclosestfriend,asheplayedanimportantroleinthe
successfulefforttoimpostaoneyearmoratoriumonfrackingin2010.
Thomas!Libous!(R)!52nd
!SD! –!TheDeputySenateMajorityLeader,Libousrepresentstheeastern
portionof theSouthernTierwithadistrictcenteredinBroomeCountyandtheCityof Binghamton –
groundzerofortheMarcellusShale.SenatorLibousisanenthusiasticandvocalboosterof thenatural
gasindustryandfrackingandisoneof theeightSenatorswhovotedagainstthe2010moratoriumbill.
LiboushaspubliclycriticizedotherSenatorsfortheiroppositiontofracking27andhasalsocomplainedof
mediabiasagainstthegasindustry –“There’salotof peopleoutthere,youknow80percentof the
media’sagainstit,andtheykeepbeatingthedrum…Theyoutnumberus,therearen’ttoomanypeople
likemyself whoarewillingtostandupandfightforthis.”28
Michael!Ranzenhofer!(R)!61st!SD! –!Amemberof theSenateEnergyCommitteerepresentingpartsof
ErieandGeneseeCounties,SenatorRanzenhoferreceivedmostof hisnaturalgasindustrydonations
fromtheBuffalo‐basedNationalFuelCorp.Publicly,Ranzenhoferhasnotbeenoutspokenaboutthe
frackingissue
and
he
voted
in
favor
of
the
moratorium
bill
in
2010.
Jeff !Klein!(D)!34th
!SD –SenatorKleinleadstheIndependentDemocraticConferencesince2010and
wastheDeputyMajorityLeaderduringtheDemocraticSenateMajorityfrom2009—2010.
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14
Marty!Golden!(R)!22nd
!SD! –SenatorGolden,theAssistantSenateMajorityWhipandamemberof the
powerfulSenateFinanceCommittee,isastrongsupporterof frackingandhasfoundhimself thetarget
of numerousanti‐frackingprotestsinrecentmonths.29Goldendidnotcastavote(hewas“excused”)on
the2010moratoriumbill.
Thomas!O’Mara
!(R)
!53
rd
!SD
‐‐In
2010,
Senator
O’Mara
replaced
George
Winner
(R)
in
representing
the53rdDistrictthatcoversthecentralSouthernTierepicenterof theMarcellusShale.GeorgeWinner
steppeddownin2010underintensescrutinyafterithadbeenreportedintheNYTimesandtheDaily
Newsthathislawfirmlistsmanynaturalgascompaniesastheirclients.30Beforesteppingdown,Winner
received$11,425incontributionsfromthegasindustry.BeforehebecameSenator,ThomasO’Mara
servedasaStateAssemblymaninthesameareaandhasalsobeenaccusedof tiestotheindustry.
O’MarawascounselfortheChemungCountyIDAduringthetimeamajorcountytaxbreakwasgivento
NationalGrid’sMillenniumPipeline.31SenatorO’Maraisavocalsupporterof openingtheMarcellusto
hydro‐fracking32,aswasSenatorWinnerbeforehim.
County!Level:
!Battleground
!over
!Fracking?
!
AroundthesametimeastheGovernorwasissuinghisdirectiveliftingthestatewidemoratoriumon
hydro‐fracking,theAssemblywasbusypassingitsownslewof billsaimedatbestmanagingnaturalgas
extractionpractices.Onerathercontroversialbill – A3245,sponsoredbyAssemblyMemberLipton –
passedintheAssemblybutfailedtoleavetheRulesCommitteeintheStateSenate. A3245soughtto
clarifywhetherornothomerulelaws –passedaslocalordinancesgoverningzoning –couldbeusedto
regulatethelocationof oilandgasdrillingoperations,evenwitharegulatoryprogramatthestatelevel.
Thebillsupportedtheauthorityof municipalitiestousezoninglawstodictatewhereoilandgaswasa
permissibleuse.TheNewYorkStateCourtof Appealscaselawhadpreviouslyinterpretedthelawas
prohibitinghome
rule
to
be
used
to
govern
the
placement
of
gas
and
oil
wells
within
amunicipality,
statingthatzoningrulesandordinancescouldonlytoregulatethe“location,constructionanduseof
buildingsandlandwithinthetown,asdelegatedtolocalgovernmentbyArticleIXof theState
Constitution.”Thelegislationsetoff aflurryof debatesbetweenlocalresidents,electedofficials,and
thenaturalgasindustryoverwhethergasdrillingshouldbeultimatelyregulatedbytheStateorif cities,
towns,andcountiesshouldbeabletobandrillingatthelocallevel.
InNewYorkState,thetensionbetweenthestate’sauthoritytograntdrillingpermitsforhigh‐volume
hydro‐frackingwithoutnotifyingaffectedcommunitiesandthecommunities’righttobanunwanted
industrialactivityisshapingupasakeylegalbattle.InFebruary,BuffalobecamethefirstcityinNew
York
State
to
pass
a
fracking
ban.
A
number
of
similar
efforts
have
taken
place
across
the
State
in
towns
andcounties.Therehavebeenelevenothersuccessfuleffortsonthecity/townlevel:theCityof
Oneonta;theTownof Camillus,OnondagaCounty;theTownof Otsego,OtsegoCounty;theTownof
Springfield,OtsegoCounty;theTownof Middlefield,OtsegoCounty;theTownof CherryValley,Otsego
County;theTownof Ithaca,TompkinsCounty;theTownof Wales,ErieCounty;theTownof Barrington,
YatesCounty;theTownof Milo,YatesCounty;andtheTownof Jerusalem,YatesCounty.Inaddition,
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sevencountieshavebannedfrackingoncountylands:Ontario,Sullivan,Onondaga,Ulster,Dutchess,
Tompkins,andBroome.Proposedbansareunderofficialconsiderationinsixtowns:theTownof Danby,
TompkinsCounty;theTownof Ulysses,TompkinsCounty;theTownof Plainfield,OstegoCounty;the
townof Dryden,TompkinsCounty;theTownof Oneonta,OstegoCounty;andtheTownof Skaneateles,
OnondagaCounty.
InaccordancewithcurrentNewYorkStateenvironmentalconservationlaw,locallawsrelatingtothe
regulationof theoil,gas,orminingindustriesaresupersededbystatelaw;however,statelawcannot
supersedelocal jurisdictionoverlocalroadsortherightsof localgovernmentsundertherealproperty
taxlaw.Abilltoamendthecurrentlaw( A3245)waspassedbytheStateAssemblyandiscurrently
sittingintheStateSenate(S3247 );thebillwouldamendtheaforementionedlawwiththefollowing
language:“Nothinginthistitleshallbeconstruedtopreventanylocalgovernmentfrom(A)Enactingor
enforcinglocallawsorordinancesof generalapplicabilityexceptthatsuchlocallawsshallnotexpressly
regulatetheoil,gasandsolutionminingindustriesregulatedbystatestatute,regulation,orpermit;or
(B)enactingorenforcinglocalzoningordinancesorlawswhichdeterminepermissibleusesinzoning
districts.”
Thesupport
that
this
bill
would
give
to
local
governments
seeking
to
assert
home
rule
has
worriedmanyindustryandpro‐drillingadvocates.Keytothisamendmentisitsuseof theword
“expressly”tomodifytheactof regulation.WithregardtotheMiningStatute,theNewYorkCourtof
Appealshasheldthatregulatinganindustrymeansregulatingitsoperationandprocesses,notlocal
zoningaimedatlimitingtheexternalitiesof landuse.Localeffortsathomerulehavefocusedon
languageon“high‐impactindustry”inzoninglaws.
15
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Whatevertheultimateoutcomeof the“homerule”issue,thebattleoverwhethertopermithydro‐
frackingisbeingplayedoutatthelocallevelacrossNewYorkState.Asindustrylookstobegindrillingin
variouslocalities,pressureswillbegintobeplacedonlocalexecutivesandlegislatorstoworkwithstate
regulatorstoensurethatrulesandregulationsarefollowed.
!
!
!
!
!
16
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17
RECOMMENDATIONS!
!
Assure!the!Public!A!Meaningful!Opportunity!to!Participate
Common
Cause/NY
remains
concerned
that
the
comment
period
for
the
highly
technical
draft
SGEIS
was
insufficientandthatasignificantnumberof individualswhowantedtotestifyatthelimitednumberof
hearingswereunabletodoso.Whateverultimatedecisionismaderegardingnaturalgasextraction
andhydrofrackinginourstate,itsobjectivitywillbecloudedbytheperception –rightlyorwrongly –that
thepublicdidnothaveanadequateopportunitytostudythesGEISandtocommentonregulationsin
lightof thefindingsof thesGEIS.
!
Improve!Disclosure!Laws!
Theprocessof identifyingcorporationsinthenaturalgasindustryisalaboriousanddifficultprocess
becauseNewYorkStatedoesnotrequirecorporatedonorstoidentifytheirindustrysectororparent
companies.
NewYork
also
fails
to
require
individual
contributors
to
identify
their
occupation,
employer
andplaceof business,makingitextremelydifficulttoconnecttopcorporateexecutivesandboard
memberswiththeintereststheyrepresent.CommonCause/NYhas,inthepast,supportedbillsthat
wouldrequirethesedisclosures.Thelackof thisinformationonourstate’sexistingcampaign
contributiondisclosuresmakesitextremelydifficulttoanalyzetheimpactwhichspecialinterest
campaigndollarsmaybehavingonpublicpolicy,amatterof substantialinteresttoallresidentsnotonly
voters.CommonCause/NYhasspentcountlesshoursresearchingthisinformation,whichiseasily
obtainedaboutcontributorstoFederalandCityelections.Thissimplefixislongoverdue.
Inaddition,thelackof uniformityinhowcompaniesidentifythemselvesmakesitadifficultand
laboriousprocess
to
identify
each
company.
Companies
such
as
Competitive
Power
Ventures
may
be
listedbytheirfullnameoranacronymsuchasCPVmakingitmoredifficulttoreadilyidentifythe
company.Of coursemanyPoliticalActionCommitteesalsopurposefullyhidethetrueintentionof their
PACbyusingmisleadingnames.
Thepublicshouldnothavetorelyprimarilyonanalysisof politicalspendingbyadvocacygroupsandthe
presstobeabletoholdtheirelectedofficialsaccountable.Theofficiallycompileddatashouldbemore
detailedandallowtheaveragecitizentheopportunitytoreadilygetacompletepictureof theinterests
tryingtoinfluencepolicymakers.Theverybasicimprovementof requiringcontributorstoidentifytheir
employerandbusinesswouldfacilitatethis.
Campaign!Finance!Reform,!including!Public!Funding!of !Elections
Adoptionof apublicfundingof electionsprogramforNewYorkStateelectionswouldhelpincreasethe
numberof smallercampaigncontributionsandshiftourcampaignfinancesystemawayfroma
dependenceonlargecontributionsfromspecialinterests.NewYorkersdeserveastategovernmentthat
isfullyobjectiveandengagedinprotectingthepublicinterest.
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18
CONCLUSION
NewYorkhastheopportunitytobeanationalmodelinthewayinwhichitapproachesregulationof
naturalgasextractionthroughhydrofracking.Moremustbedonebyourelectedofficialsandpolicy
makersto
insure
that
the
ultimate
policy
adopted
by
our
state
is
based
on
facts
and
science
and
to
dispelconcernsthatitisbasedonspecialinterestinfluence.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
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19
ENDNOTES!
1NYSDEC.“DECCommissionerAppointMemberstoHydraulicFracturingAdvisoryPanel.”July1,2011.
http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/75416.html.
2NYSDECS.“DECBegins90‐DayPublicCommentPeriodonDraftHydraulicFracturingStudy.”September7,2011.
http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/76892.html.
3ThomasKaplan.“MillionsSpentinAlbanyFighttoDrillforGas”.TheNewYorkTimes.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/26/nyregion/hydrofracking‐debate‐spurs‐huge‐spending‐by‐industry.htm
4MichaelJ.MalbinandPeterW.Brusoe,.“SmallDonors,BigDemocracy,NewYorkCity’sMatchingFundsasa
ModelfortheNationandStates.“CampaignFinanceInstitute,2011.
5NationalGrid.“2010CorporateOverview.”http://www.nationalgridus.com/non_html/a2_us_facts.pdf .
6DerekWeber.“FromDraketotheMarcellusShaleGasPlay:DistributionDevelopments.”PipelineandGas
Journal.!April
2010.
http://www.pipelineandgasjournal.com/drake‐
marcellus‐
shale‐
gas‐
play‐
distribution‐
developments?page=show.
7Weber,id.!
8SpectraEnergy.“SpectraEnergySignsBindingPrecedentAgreementsforMajorPipelineProjecttoDeliverNew
NaturalGasSuppliesIntoNewJerseyandNewYorkArea.”December28,2009.
http://investors.spectraenergy.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=204494&p=irol‐newsArticle&ID=1369521&highlight=
9SeeIPPNY’s2011LegislativeAgendaathttp://www.ippny.org/page/news‐and‐legislative‐memos‐2/news/2011‐
legislative‐agenda‐21.htmlandstatementsof oppositiontohydraulicfracturingmoratoriumbillsat
http://www.ippny.org/page/news‐and‐legislative‐memos‐2/news/memorandum‐in‐opposition‐of ‐a‐7400‐
sweeney‐104.html.
10Competitive
Power
Ventures.
“Investment
Partners.”
2011.
http://www.cpv.com/investment_partners.php.
11NYSEG.“OurCompany:ServiceArea.”2011.http://www.NewYorkStateeg.com/OurCompany/servicearea.html
;RG&E.OurCompany:ServiceArea.”2011.http://www.rge.com/OurCompany/servicearea.html .
12ConstellationEnergy.Group“WhoWeAre.”2011http://www.constellation.com/about‐
us/whoweare/pages/whoweareoverview.aspx.
13AndrewMaykuth.“Exelon’sRoweanUnlikelyBoosterforShaleGas.”ThePhiladelphiaInquirer.October30,
2011.
http://www.philly.com/philly/business/20111030_Exelon_s_Rowe_and_unlikely_booster_for_shale_gas.html.
14EmpireStateNews.net.“CHEnergyChief SupportsMarcellusShaleGasExploration.”June23,2011.
http://www.empirestatenews.net/News/20110623‐7.html.
15DominionResources.“Dominion,AnteroResourcesAmendMarcellusShaleRightsAgreementto114,000
Acres.”September24,2008http://dom.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=197.
16IndependentOilandGasAssociationof NewYork(IOGA).“PressRelease:ProposedGas‐drillingMoratoriumBill
Unnecessary”August3,2010.
http://www.marcellusfacts.com/blog/press‐release‐proposed‐gas‐drilling‐moratorium‐bill‐unnecessary
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20
17Reuters.“UPDATE2‐N.Y.ApprovesNew$1.4BillionNRGPowerPlantinNYC.”January20,2011.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/20/utilities‐nrg‐astoria‐plant‐idUSN2013483520110120
18!!USDepartmentof Energy.“SecretaryChuTasksEnvironmental,IndustryandStateLeaderstoRecommendBest
PracticesforSafe,ResponsibleDevelopmentof America'sOnshoreNaturalGasResources”,May5,2011.!
http://energy.gov/articles/secretary‐chu
‐tasks
‐environmental
‐industry
‐and
‐state
‐leaders
‐recommend
‐best
‐practices‐safe
19Inadditiontothetoptwelveprofiledindetail,thedatasetincludescontributionsfromTheEnergyforNewYork
PAC,ExxonMobil,SJBServices,TheWilliamsCompanies,IDTEnergyInc,BuffaloDrilling,BuffaloWellProducts,
ConocoPhilips,TennesseeGasPipelineLLC(subsidiaryof SpectraEnergy),InflectionEnergy,AlgonquinGas
TransmissionLLC(subsidiaryof SpectraEnergy),AnschutzExploration,CrownEnergyServices,MillenniumPipeline
CompanyLLC(partialsubsidiaryof NationalGrid),EnergyAssociationof NEWYORKSTATE,FortunaEnergy,Texas
EasternTransmission,SpectraEnergy,ElexcoLandServices,FreyWellDrilling,NornewInc,PSEGEnergyResources,
ElPasoEnergyServiceCo.,Chief Energy,H&HEnterprises,EnergymarkLLC,andChautauquaEnergy.
20AndrewCuomo2010.“PowerNY:TheNewNYAgenda.”
http://www.andrewcuomo.com/system/storage/6/89/e/798/andrew_cuomo_power_ny.pdf
21JakeMooney.“CuomoRakesinDonationsFromEnergySector.”CityLimits.October27,2010.
http://www.citylimits.org/news/articles/4211/cuomo‐rakes‐in‐donations‐from‐energy‐sector
22SenatorGeorgeD.Maziarz.“SenatorMaziarzSupportsDECPlantoPermitHydrofracking.”July1,2011.
http://www.NewYorkStateenate.gov/press‐release/senator‐maziarz‐supports‐dec‐plan‐permit‐hydrofracking
23DanielRobison.“Maziarz:Fracking,TreatingWasteFluidCouldLeadto“EconomicBoom.”InnovationTrail.
March14th
,2011.http://innovationtrail.org/post/maziarz‐fracking‐treating‐waste‐fluid‐could‐lead‐economic‐
boom
24“Nozzolio:BanFrackinginAllFingerLakesWatersheds.”TheAuburnCitizen.August6,2011.
http://auburnpub.com/news/local/article_703da5c6‐c034‐11e0‐9d41‐001cc4c002e0.html
25AssemblymanKevinCahill.“AssemblymanKevinCahill,Chairof theAssemblyEnergyCommittee,Commentson
theStateEnergyPlan.”September24,2009.http://assembly.state.ny.us/comm/Energy/20090924/
26CelesteKatz.“DocumentDrop:DEConNewYorkHydrofracking.”DailyNewsDailyPoliticsBlog.June30,2011.
http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2011/06/document‐drop‐dec‐on‐new‐york‐hydrofracking
27!JonCampbell,“Liboustellsdownstatetostayoutof hydrofrackingdebate”.October14,2011.
http://www.theithacajournal.com/article/20111014/NEWS01/110140412/Libous‐tells‐downstate‐stay‐out‐
hydrofracking‐debate
28NickiReisman,“LibousSaysFrackingDebate‘AHellOf AFight’”.October31,2011.!!
http://www.capitaltonight.com/2011/10/libous‐says‐fracking‐debate‐a‐hell‐of ‐a‐fight/!
29HaroldEgeln,“Eco‐ScorecardPraisesSquadron,SlamsGolden.”October14,2011.
http://www.brooklyneagle.com/categories/category.php?category_id=27&id=46781
30NYDailyNewsEditorialBoard.“He'saWinner,N.Y.Loses:UpstateSenatorisPosterBoyforAlbanyEthicsMess.”
NYDailyNews.August7,2010.!http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/a‐winner‐n‐y‐loses‐upstate‐senator‐poster‐
boy‐albany‐ethics‐mess‐article‐1.205437!
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21
31JosephTrento,“UndisclosedConflictsof InterestisKeyIssueinRaceforGeorgeWinner’sNewYorkSenate
Seat”.October27,2010.!!!http://www.dcbureau.org/20101027156/natural‐resources‐news‐service/undisclosed‐
conflicts‐of ‐interest‐is‐key‐issue‐in‐race‐for‐george‐winners‐new‐york‐senate‐seat.html
32!!!ABCNewsChannel9 –Elmira.“Senator:DrillingintheMarcellusShaleWouldSaveRegion'sEconomy.”
September29,
2011
http://www.9wsyr.com/news/local/story/Senator
‐Drilling
‐in
‐the
‐Marcellus
‐Shale
‐
would/oJ7O2r11TUGTHZvlC6cgaw.cspx