Dril blustangnb
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Transcript of Dril blustangnb
SHORT HOLES :SHORT HOLES :diameter < 52 mmdiameter < 52 mmlength < 5 mlength < 5 m
advantages :advantages : allow to follow the irregularallow to follow the irregularore/waste contact in weakore/waste contact in weakformationsformations
disadvantages :disadvantages : low productivity, high costlow productivity, high cost
Blast hole drilling
LONG HOLES :LONG HOLES :diameter up to 162 mmdiameter up to 162 mmlength up to 70 mlength up to 70 m
advantages :advantages : highhigh productivity, low costproductivity, low cost
disadvantages :disadvantages : application is limited to regular application is limited to regular or massive strong depositsor massive strong deposits
Drilling patterns for narrow vein deposits
Overhand or back stoping Breast stoping Frontal benching
w
h
l
l
h
w
h
wl
Cut-and-fill and Shrinkage Stoping
Cut-and-fill and Shrinkage Stoping
Undercut-and-fill Stoping
Production Jumbo
Drifting Jumbo
Drifting Jumbo
Hand-heldStoper drill
Hand-heldJack Leg drill
Hand-heldJack Leg drill
Hole depth,m
3 - 4
2 - 2.5
Drilling patterns for narrow vein deposits
Schéma de foration de la face du chantier partranches montantes remblayées
h
wl
Drilling patterns for flat dipping deposits
drifting downward benching
downward benching with 4 free facesfrontal benching with 4 free faces
downward benching with 3 free facesfrontal benching with 3 free faces
MANUAL DRILLINGMANUAL DRILLING
Short hole drilling
JUMBOSJUMBOS
Diameter : jusqu’à 82 mmLength : 15 mDownward drilling : 25 m/hourUpward drilling : 20 m/hour
TOP HAMMERTOP HAMMER
Diameter : 28-46 mmLength : 3 mJack-hammer : 12.5 m/hourStoper : 10 m/hour
Parallel drilling patterns for massive deposits
vertical slabbing horizontal slabbing
Fan drilling patterns for massive deposits
upward fan drilling downward fan drilling ring fan drilling
Beam pattern patterns for massive deposits
Crown pillar cavingCrown pillar caving
Long hole drilling
DOWN THE HOLE HAMMERDOWN THE HOLE HAMMER
DRILL RIGDRILL RIG
Diameter : up to 165 mmLength : 100 mDrilling speed : 15 (6-20) m/hour
Operating costs of drilling and blasting
oreofton/$,cs
C
T
LC
steel,bit
drilling
hour
round
round
drilling
where : Chour - hourly cost of the drilling equipment in $ per hour ;cbit,steel - bit and steel wear cost per meter drilled in $ per meter ,
cbit,steel 1 $/mTround - tonnage blasted per round in tonnes per round ;Lround - total holes length per round in m per round ;sdrilling - average drilling speed in m per hour :
Jumbo frontal stoping, breasting : sdrilling = 25 m/hourJumbo overhand stoping : sdrilling = 20 m/hourJack leg : sdrilling = 12.5 m/hourStoper : sdrilling = 10 m/hour
Cost estimation
Capital cost
Hourly operating cost
Operator labor
Parts
Maintenance labor
Diesel fuel
Electric power
Lube oil
Tires
Compressed air
Cost estimation
Parts, $/h
Labor, $/h Electricity, $/h
Lube, $/h Tires, $/h
Total, $/h
Jack-hammer 0,15 0,15 0 0,15 0 0,45Stoper drill 0,11 0,11 0 0,15 0 0,37QUASAR D3-E50 5,58 5,1 2,09 1,91 0,07 14,75MERCURY D4-E50 5,58 5,1 2,09 1,91 0,07 14,75MONOMATIC 5,58 5,1 2,09 1,91 0,07 14,75QUASAR 1L D3-E50 6,87 6,25 2,17 2,37 0,07 17,73
Hourly operating cost
Hole diameter, mm
Hole length, m
Drilling speed, m/h
Price, $ Hourly operating cost, $/h
Compressed air cost, $/h
Price 27-40 2-3,5 10-15 4884 0,45 2,2Marteau- stopeur 27-40 2-2,5 8-12 3784 0,37 2,7QUASAR D3-E50 35-41 3-4 15-25 333500 14,75 4,5MERCURY D4-E50 35-41 3-4 15-25 333500 14,75 4,5MONOMATIC 35-41 3-4 15-25 333500 14,75 4,5QUASAR 1L D3-E50 45-63 12-20 20-40 414330 17,73 6
Capital cost and technical characteristics
Operating cost of drilling and blasting : Tonnage blasted per round
meter,lhwTaverageround
where : w - stop width in m ;h - stop height in m ;l - stop length in m ;average - average rock masse density in tonne per m3 .
Operating costs of drilling and blasting : Total holes length per round
where : lhole - hole depth in meters ;N - number of holes per round, holes ;q - powder factor in kilograms of explosive per tonne of rock
broken ;Eh - charge of explosive per hole in kilograms ;Tround - tonnage of rock blasted per round in tonnes.
holes,Eh
qTroundN round
meters,NlLholeround
Theoretical powder factor
where : Rc - uniaxial compressive strength of the rock in MPa; C1 and C2 - empirical coefficients
3c210 m/kg,RCCq
C1 C2
Short holes 0.16 0.008Long holes -0.0448 0.0067
Corrected powder factor
543210I kkkkkqq
where : q0 - theoretical powder factor in kilograms of explosive per cubic meter of rock broken ;
k1 - is relative strength of explosive factork2 - is required fragmentation factork3 - is the hole diameter factork4 - free face condition factor is the factor taking in to account number and conditions of free facesk5 - drilling pattern factor taking into account increasing of the powder factor when the drilling pattern is different from parallel
Relative strength of explosive factor - k1
where : ABSref - absolute bulk strength of the reference explosive in J/cm3 or in cal/cm3
ABS - absolute bulk strength of new explosive in J/cm3 or in cal/cm3
AWSref - absolute weight strength of the reference explosive in J/gramme or in cal/gramme :
explosive of reference is the Extra dynamite : AWS = 1030 cal/gAWS - absolute weight strength of new used explosive in J/grammek1 = 1.13 for ANFO
AWS
AWSkor
ABS
ABSk ref
1ref
1
Relative strength of explosive factor - k1
Typical Properties of Extra Gelatine
Blend%Emulsion / %ANFO
100/0 80/20 70/30 60/40
Bulk Density (g/cc) 1-05-1.25 1.05-1.28 1.05-1.28 1.05-1.30VOD (m/s) 6000 5800 5800 5600Water Resistance Excellent Excellent Excellent ExcellentRelative WeightStrength (Effective)
101 106 110 114
Relative Bulk Strength(Effective)
150 159 168 176
Sleep Time (months) 2 2 2 2Minimum HoleDiameter, mm
75 75 75 75
Typical Properties for Emulsion and Emulsion/ANFO blends
Relative strength of explosive factor - k1
Typical Properties of UNIGEL Semi-Gelatin Nitroglycerine Dynamite
Typical Properties of DYNO RU Booster sensitive bulk emulsion
Required fragmentation factor - k2
1nf
2 b
lk
1k2 For short holes
For long holes
where : lf average distance between fractures in the rock masseb required average bloc size after blastingn1 = 0.5 to 0.6
Hole diameter factor - k3
Jumbo : d = 38 mmHend-held drill d = 32 mm
2n
ref3 d
dk
where : d - new hole diameter in mdref - diameter of reference in m
for short holes dref = 0.042 mfor long holes dref = 0.105 m
n2= 1 - in monolithic formation ;n2= 0.5 - in highly fractured formation
Free face condition factor - k4
k4 = 1.4 to 1.6 for a blast of short holes with a single free face perpendicular to holes axes
k4 = 1.2 to 1.3 if blasting of long holes is done on the broken rock masse
Broken material
Drilling pattern factor - k5
beam pattern : k5 = 1.3 to 1.5
Burde
nS
free face
open stope
broken ore
fan pattern :k5 = 1.1 to 1.2
parallel pattern (reference) :k5 = 1
Operating costs of drilling and blasting : unit hole depth
where : lhole - hole depth in meters ;fpull 0.92 - pull factor taking in to account the subdrilling ;z - stop size parallel to the hole, stop length for the breast or
frontal stoping and stop height for the overhand stoping ;
meters,f
zl
pull
hole
lhole
l
h
lhole
Operating costs of drilling and blasting : Charge of explosive per hole
where : Eh - charge of explosive per hole in kilograms ;lhole - hole depth in meters ;dhole - hole diameter in meters ; - of explosive loading density in kilograms per m3,
= 800 for ANFO ;fburden - burden factor, fburden 0.75 ;fp - factor taking in to account charge diameter compared with hole
diameter, fp = 1 for ANFO.
hole/kg,fl)fd(4
Ehbourdenhole
2
phole
Cost of blasting
where : p/ - corrected powder factor in kilograms of explosive per tonne of rock broken ;
cexplosive - cost of explosive in $ per kilogram , cexplosive = 0.6 $/kg for ANFO ;
ccap,primer - cost of caps and primers in $ per hole , ccap,primer 2.5 $/hole ;
N - number of holes per round .
brokentonne/$,T
NccpC
round
primer,cap
losiveexpblasting