Dreams and Sleep Disorders

7/25/2019 Dreams and Sleep Disorders

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DREAMS


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Dreams as %the Residue of the Day&

Most dreams involve memories of theday gone by'&the residue of the day&

$raumatic events can spa!nnightmares

(eople !ho have fre)uent nightmares

are more likely to have feelings ofanxiety and depression


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Dreams* Expression of +nconscious

Desires

%A dream is a !ish your heart makes&

It re"ects unconscious !ishes and urges

Dreams is symbolic of unconsciousfantasi,ed ob-ects

Dreams do seem to be consistent !ith

gender roles


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reud/s $heory of DreamInterpretation


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0122'(sychologists believed that dreams

!ere meaningless and bi,arre images reud/s theory changed it all !hen he

said dreams !ere a !ay 3%the royal

road&4 to reach our unconscious thoughtsand desires

Dreams contained symbols and can beinterpreted

Male sex symbols are long ob-ects !hilefemale sex symbols are hollo! things


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(sychoanalysts task !as to interpretdream symbols !hich !ere the %royalroad& to uncover a client/s threatening

but unconscious desires needs emotions Many psychoanalysts agree !ith reud

!hile many non'reudian therapistsdisagree !it his dream theory


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$he Activation'Synthesis Model of

Dreams

Ac5 and pons stimulate responses thatleads to dreaming

6. Allan 5obson'psychiatrist andneurophysiologist

RAS stimulates parts of the cortexinvolved in memory then it synthesi,esthese sources of stimulation to yield the

stu7 of dreams


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8rain scans'the bases for 5obson/stheory

During REM sleep prefrontal cortex hadreduced activity

$he limbic system and the visual cortex

had increased activity

Dreams are emotional 3limbic system4and full of visual images 3visual cortex4


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S9EE( DIS:RDERS


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I#S:M#IA

Refers to di;culties in either going tosleep or staying asleep through the

night

Associated !ith a number of daytimecomplaint 3fatigue impairment of

concentration memory di;culty and

lack of !ell'being4


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(sychological causes'experiencing anoverload of stressful events !orrying

about personal or -ob'relateddi;culties grieving over a loss or

death and coping !ith mentalproblems

(hysiological causes'changing tonight'shift !ork !hich upsets

circadian rhythms having medicalproblems and abusing alcohol or

other substances 3sedatives4


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#ondrug treatment'may di7er inmethod but all have the same goal

$o stop the person from excessive!orrying and reduce tension

:ne proven cognitive'behavioral methodof reducing insomnia is establishing an

optimal sleep pattern

Drug treatment'stressful situationsresult in chronic insomnia !hich last

for more than three !eeks 3goingthrough a divorce or dealing !ithphysical in-ury4


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8en,odia,epines'reduces anxiety!orry and stress and are e7ective

and relatively safe !hen taken inmoderate doses in the short'termtreatment of insomnia Memory loss and excessive sleepiness

#onben,odia,epines'popularsleeping pills because they are fast

acting reduce daytime dro!sinesshave fe!er cognitive side e7ectsand are less likely to lead todependence


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#ARfteen minutes or so

May be accompanied by thecondition called sleep paralysis

A disorder of REM'sleep functioning

Stimulants and antidepressants havehelped many people !ith narcolepsy


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#AR


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A(#EA


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DEE('S9EE( DIS:RDERS* S9EE(

$ERR:RS

Similar to but more severe thannightmares

:ccurs during the >rst t!o sleep

cycles Experiencing a surge in the heart and

respiration rates

(erson may suddenly sit up talkincoherently and thrash about

Decreased by a minor tran)uili,er at

bedtime


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DEE('S9EE( DIS:RDERS* 8ED'

?E$$I#@

Re"ects immaturity of the nervoussystem

Resolves itself before adolescence Method that condition children to

a!aken !hen they are about tourinate have been helpful

Imipramine


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DEE('S9EE( DIS:RDERS*

S9EE(?A9I#@

5alf of the children talk in their sleepno! and then

BC to 0C of children !alk in theirsleep

:nly C of adults do

Sleep!alkers typically don/tremember their excursions

Mild tran)uili,ers and maturity

typically put an end to it


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S$RA#@E S9EE(I#@ DIS:RDERS

#octurnal lagophthalmos #octurnal lagophthalmos is the inability

to close the eyelids during sleep.

Exploding head syndrome Exploding head syndrome is a

parasomnia. Exploding head consists of

a loud noise that you suddenly imagine-ust before you fall asleep


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S$RA#@E S9EE(I#@ DIS:RDERS

Sexsomnia is a form of non'rapid eye movement

3#REM4 parasomnia that causes peopleto engage in sexual acts such asmasturbation fondling intercourse andsometimes rape !hile they are asleep

Sudden +nexpected #octurnal Death

Syndrome is sudden unexpected death of

adolescents and adults often

during sleep

Dreams and Sleep Disorders

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