DraftingRear

Elevations

• Start with outer frame when drafting standard flat.

• Heights are generally in multiples of 2’-0”.

Outer Frame

• Next add toggles and dimensions.

• Toggles should be every 4’-0” on center.

• Notice when dimensioning toggles add o.c. standing for on center.

• Dimension all pieces in flat so shop can create cut list.

Flat 1

• On taller flats there is a toggle every 4’-0”

• Note o.c. is used for every measurement.

Flat 2

• Put drafted detail of keystone and corner block on one drawing and then refer to this detail on all other flat plates for a show.

• Indicate that keystones and corner blocks are made from 1/4” plywood.

• Off set them 1” from the edge.

• Glue and fasten with staples or 3/4” coated nails.

• These details should be in a larger scale to show details clearly.

Detail 1

• A door flat follows the same principles as the standard flat.

• Toggles are placed every 4’-0” as needed. The top of the door flat acts as a toggle. (There isn’t four feet above the the top of the door. So there is no need for an additional toggle.

• Corner blocks are used on the corners that are part of the door opening.

Door Flat 1

• Sometimes it is necessary for an extra long keystone to do the work of two short keystones.

• This one long keystone is stronger then two short keystones put end to end.

Detail 2

• Window flats also follow standard flat construction techniques.

• The joints around the window opening often use keystones not corner blocks.

• Keystones are inset 1” to permit attachment of reveals if desired.

Window Flat

• A keystone may often have to cover more then one joint in a window or door flat. (See previous slide.)

• When using wide keystones diagonal grain is used so that all joints have maximum strength.

• Nailing patterns should be based on standard nailing patterns and joint arrangement.

• Make sure that all keystones and corner blocks are still offset from the edge 1”.

Detail 3

• Sometimes flats are built from materials other then 1x4 lumber.

• Here the small side of the door flat is made from a 1x6 “true” piece of lumber.

Door Flat 2

• Door openings can also be made by combining two standard flats and a small flat known as a plug.

• Plugs are usually “built to fit.”

• This technique is often used when a door is in a long wall and you are using stock flats and only building what is needed.

Flats & Plug Door

• Once you learn how to draft the individual units they can be put together into a drawing that tells the shop all of the information they need to know.

• If possible it is best to include a small floor plan to show how the flats are used.

• Walls the same size need only be drafted once.

• Walls are labeled on both the plan and rear elevation.

Rear Elevation