DRAFT DRINKING SANITATION POLICYfata.gov.pk/cp/uploads/downloads/14151840055459fcaaf125b.pdf ·...

DRAFT

DRINKING SANITATION POLICY

for

the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)

2014

by

The FATA Secretariat

Government of Pakistan

TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................1

2. CURRENT SITUATION..........................................................................................................2

2.1 Geo-Political Context of FATA...............................................................................................2

2.2 Current Status of Sanitation Coverage....................................................................................3

2.3 Policy Context........................................................................................................................4

3. Vision.........................................................................................................................................5

4. Scope Of The Policy..................................................................................................................5

5. Policy Principles........................................................................................................................5

6. Objectives..................................................................................................................................6

7. Targets.......................................................................................................................................7

8. Sanitation Options....................................................................................................................8

9. Policy Guidelines.......................................................................................................................9

9.1 Financial Arrangements..........................................................................................................9

9.2 Effluent Quality Monitoring...................................................................................................9

9.3 Capacity Building.................................................................................................................10

9.4 Awareness, Education and Training......................................................................................10

9.5 Public Toilets........................................................................................................................11

9.6 Public-Private Partnership.....................................................................................................11

9.7 Urban Sanitation...................................................................................................................11

9.8 Rural Sanitation....................................................................................................................12

9.9 Hospital Waste......................................................................................................................12

9.10 Disaster Preparedness and Response.....................................................................................12

9.11 Environment Friendly Sanitation Systems............................................................................13

9.12 Cross Sectoral Issues............................................................................................................13

10. Gender.....................................................................................................................................13

11. Policy Instruments..................................................................................................................13

12. Incentives.................................................................................................................................14

12.1 Rewards for all “Open-Defecation Free” communities.........................................................14

12.2 Rewards for “100 percent sanitation coverage”....................................................................14

12.3 Rewards for the Cleanest Community...................................................................................15

13. Roles And Responsibilities Of Stakeholders.........................................................................15

13.1 Government Institutions........................................................................................................15

13.2 Private Sector........................................................................................................................16

13.3 NGOs and CBOs...................................................................................................................16

1

13.4 Donors..................................................................................................................................16

13.5 Communities.........................................................................................................................16

13.6 Individual Households..........................................................................................................17

13.7 Media....................................................................................................................................17

14. Implementation And Monitoring...........................................................................................17

14.1 Implementation Strategy.......................................................................................................17

14.2 Monitoring and Evaluation...................................................................................................17

14.3 Policy Review and Redressal of Issues.................................................................................18

2

1. INTRODUCTION

Sanitation is access to, and use of excreta and wastewater facilities andservices that ensure privacy and dignity, ensuring a clean and healthy livingenvironment for all. ‘Facilities and Services’ refer to the collection, transport,treatment and disposal of human excreta, domestic wastewater and solidwaste and associated hygiene promotion, to the extent demanded by theparticular environmental conditions1.

In the global context, provision of safe drinking water and sanitation serviceshas long been recognized as a priority area for the improvement of publichealth. However, in Pakistan either the sanitation services remained inoblivion of the policy makers or the focus remained only on the cities and bigtowns. Lack of coordination between the various sector players andhaphazard approach deprived the sanitation sector from expanding at parwith the funds deployed in the sector by the government, donors, NGOs,citizens and other stakeholders.

Drinking water continues to attract majority of water, sanitation and hygienefunding, even while the drinking water supply coverage remains relativelyhigh and that of sanitation quite low. Such a policy remains oblivious to theseinescapable linkages between the water and sanitation interventions: withoutadequate sanitation and improved hygiene behaviour water provision doesnot have a strong health outcome: sanitation is necessary to ensure waterquality; and water and sanitation services both require good hygiene to beeffective. According to a recent study by WHO2, it is estimated that thebenefits of achieving universal access to sanitation outweigh the costs by afactor of 5.5 to 1 whereas the corresponding ratio for drinking water is 2 to 1.

In order to correct these distorted priorities, it is imperative that an enablingenvironment is created through formulation of policy, strategy and actionplans with an explicit focus on the sanitation sector. However, it is noted thatpolicy frameworks and improved strategic planningwill only have impact ifaccompanied by politicalcommitment and the concomitant allocationoffinancial and organizational resources.

In this regard, the Government of Pakistan adopted the National SanitationPolicy (NSP) in 2006 that advocates community participation, engagement ofNGOs and the adoption of demand responsive approaches to attain an

1UN Water Task Force for the International Year of Sanitation, 2008.

2 Hutton (2012). Global costs and benefits of drinking-water supply and

sanitation interventions to reach the MDG target and universal coverage, WHO,

Geneva.

FATA Sanitation Policy......................................................................................................Page 1 of 18

Open-Defecation Free Society. The NSP 2006 also places the onus on theprovinces to develop their own sanitation strategies, plans, programmes andprojects.

The FATA Sanitation Policy (FATA-SP) has been formulated in line with the NSP2006. The policy will be implemented in sync with all the national andprovincial sanitation, drinking water, health, and environment policies.

This policy is an outcome of substantial consultations among the sectorstakeholders, service providers, and practitioners and provides guidance toall the stakeholders of sanitation and hygiene sector.

2. CURRENT SITUATION

2.1 Geo-Political Context of FATA

FATA, an area of geo-strategic importance situated along Pakistan’s borderwith Afghanistan, is a wedge of rugged terrain, dotted with sparselypopulated valleys, home to a dozen Pakhtun tribes and hundreds of clans andsub-tribes. This mountainous land is made up of seven ‘political agencies’(South and North Waziristan, Kurram, Orakzai, Bajaur, Khyber and Mohmand)and six smaller zones, called ‘frontier regions’ (Peshawar, Tank, Kohat, D.IKhan, Bannu, and Lakki) which separate the tribal agencies from the rest ofthe country. On its three sides, FATA is bounded by the ‘settled’ districts ofPakistan while the Durand Line forms its western border.

FATA has been governed by an administrative set-up that is peculiar than therest of Pakistan. The normal laws of the land are not applicable in most partsof FATA and the writ of the government is enforced through the offices of thePolitical Agents and traditional community structures. Since long, the interestof decision makers has been limited to maintaining the status-quo in FATA.Failure of the decision makers to evolve a sustainable framework ofdevelopment, and a vision to harness the potential of various segments ofsociety for development of the region, has further exacerbated the alreadymarginalized and impoverished citizens of the region.

At present most of the people in FATA are small scale farmers who live innuclear family households, with an average household size of 9.3 people.Their living standards are still low and a considerable proportion of thepopulation can be classified as poor whose income can only meet the mostbasic needs of food and clothes. People's awareness of water supply andenvironmental sanitation is limited.


2.2 Current Status of Sanitation Coverage

Lack of sanitation imposes significant public health and environmental costs.The total economic cost of poor sanitation is equivalent to 3.94% of GDP inPakistan. These costs include the impacts related to health, drinking waterand domestic water, user preferences and welfare, and tourism.

The Millennium Development Goal (MDG 7.C) enjoins upon the signatorynations to halve the proportion of the population without sustainable accessto basic sanitation by 2015, and complete coverage by 2025. It is worthmentioning that amongst the other MDGs, the progress towards this specificgoal has been dismal globally. The same situation exists in Pakistan wherethe progress towards achievement of MDG related to safe drinking water hasbeen satisfactory but the sanitation MDG will be missed by 2015. Within FATA,not only the drinking water MDG is being missed but the progress towardssanitation MDG is in even worse state.

The current status of sanitation and hygiene is not impressive in Pakistannationally. The coverage level for sewage collection stands at 50% (with only20% in rural areas). Waste water treatment plants exist only in a few majorcities, while only 10% of sewage is being effectively treated. Nationally, onlyhalf of the households have access to improved toilets of which almost 56%have a sewer connected to flush toilet and 29% have a flush toilet connectedto a septic tank.

31% of the total population defecates in the open and approximately 5% useshared toilets. Thus taken together about 58 million people either defecatedin open or had access to shared toilets. In rural areas 45% of the populationpractices open defecation.

The above figures indicate that the degree of sanitation conditions isinadequate in Pakistan generally. This situation renders the populationvulnerable to fecal-oral diseases, not only those lacking access to sanitationfacilities but the whole population. Due to this the health costs alone areestimated to be PKR 299.55 billion or 3.43% of the GDP. Compared to thispoor coverage level in Pakistan, the situation in FATA is even worse.

Households having access to a toilet connected to a sewerage system arealmost non-existent in FATA. According to the FATA Multiple Indicator ClusterSurvey (MICS) 2007, only 28% of households use sanitary hygienic facilitieswith wide urban/rural disparities. In urban areas 77% of the population hadaccess to improved sanitation facilities, while in rural areas this share wasonly 26%. In urban areas 35.5% of the households had a flush connected to aseptic tank.Significant disparities in terms of sanitation coverage also existwithin the various FATA agencies/regions. The most deprived being FR Bannu,South Waziristan, FR DI Khan, Mohmand and Orakzai agencies, where morethan 80% of the population defecates in the open. Similarly, the status of


hygiene practices where these refer to households washing hands beforemeals and after using the latrines, also present a bleak picture.

The sanitation crisis takes its toll in terms of pervasive associated diseasesand death, chronic and inescapable poverty and the paths of opportunitythrough education and productive labor blocked.

Poor sanitation and hygiene practices have obvious impacts on health andnutrition. Hence it is not surprising to observe that FATA is lagging on theseindicators from the rest of the country. The infant mortality rate, for example,is 86.8 per 1000 live births in FATA while the corresponding national figure forPakistan is 76.8. Similarly, a third of the children are 2 standard deviationsbelow the mean weight for age (wasted) and 12% of children are 2 standarddeviations below the mean height for age (stunted).

Another significant impact of lack of sanitation in educational facilities is themajor gender disparity that exists in the education sector. The Gender ParityIndex (GPI) in FATA stands at a bleak figure of 0.45 with FR Peshawarindicating a relatively higher figure of 0.78 and on the other hand FR Bannupresents the lowest figure of 0.22.

2.3 Policy Context

In addition to the National Sanitation Policy (2006), National Sanitation ActionPlan (2010-15), National Sustainable Development Strategy (2009), the FATADrinking Water Policy and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Drinking Water Policy, thispolicy also subscribes to, and is aligned with, the following strategic guidingdocuments that the FATA Secretariat has endorsed recently.

FATA Sustainable Development Plan (2006-2015) represents the firstserious effort of policy makers to not only bring the citizens of FATA inmainstream of the development process but also marks a paradigm shift inplanning & implementation of prioritized needs of the communities.

Water and Sanitation Framework 2025sets a vision of “Government inFATA has resourceful, effective, efficient, and accountable institutions toensure sustainable Water and Sanitation services for all”.

Post Crisis Need Assessment (PCNA)has a goal to produce a helpful,pragmatic, coherent and sequenced peace-building strategy that deliversagreed vision – “emerging peace, greater prosperity and tolerance in FATA”within 10 years.

3. VISION

This policy envisions that the FATA becomes totally sanitized, healthy andliveable and ensureand sustain good public health and environmentaloutcomes for all its citizenswith a special focus on hygienic and affordable


sanitation facilities for the vulnerable sections of the society including thepoor, women, children, elderly and disabled.

4. SCOPE OF THE POLICY

This sanitation policy primarily focuses on safe disposal of liquid and solidwastes; and promotion of health and hygiene practices in FATA with specialemphasis on ensuring human dignity, privacy and equity. The term sanitationextends to cover cleanliness, hygiene, proper collection of liquid and solidwaste and its environmentally safe disposal.

5. POLICY PRINCIPLES

The objectives and targets to be achieved under this policy shall be soughtwhile adhering to the following policy principles:

i Access to adequate sanitation is a basic human right which shall be

assured to all citizens of FATA while paying special attention to the

needs of the poor, women and girls, children, the elderly and the

disabled;ii Protection of the environment, safeguarding of health and livelihood

through provision of improved sanitation shall be ensured through

institutional reforms for effective policies, planning, construction and

regulation;iii Provision of services through demand-driven approaches encouraging

community level empowerment and community based solutions shall

be encouraged;iv Integration of a larger role of community, particularly the poor and

women, to the extent possible within the socio-cultural context of FATA,

in planning, implementation, monitoring, and O&M of sanitation

systems shall be encouraged. Space will be created within the working

of PHE & LGRD to allow the community to play such a role;v Prioritized allocations to areas inadequately or ineffectively served and

having pockets of poor will be ensured on priority basis;vi Promotion of Public Private Partnership for enhancing access to

sanitation facilities will be encouraged in feasible localities;vii Performance criteria for service providers/operators will be developed

and performance will be incentivized to enhance access;viii Behavior Change Communication (BCC) will be made an integral part

of all the sanitation programs;


i. Building on what exists, mobilize local resources and develop

programmes that can be implemented within available resources with

enhanced capacities of institutions and communities;ii. Understanding, accepting and supporting the role that communities,

NGOs and the formal and informal sectors are playing in sanitation

provisions/coverage;iii. Developing and using appropriate, easy and cost effective

technologies; which are viable, affordable, locally-appropriate and

based on indigenous knowledge and local skills;iv. Accepting the component sharing and total sanitation models for all

government programs and projects;v. The provision and distribution of sanitation facilities and resources

should be equitable between the rich and poor segments of society.

Preference shall, however, be given to those areas where the need of

sanitation improvement is higher and the associated environmental

and social impactsare greater;vi. Operation & Maintenance (O&M) costs will be generated at the local

level through a combination of affordable user charges leading to zero

O&M liability on public exchequer by the year 2020;vii. Sanitation programs and projects will be coordinated with programs

and projects of city planning, housing, environment, health, education

sectors;viii. Solid and liquid waste will be disposed of in environmentally friendly

and safe manner.ix. Provision of liquid waste management infrastructure shall be preceded

by the solid waste management services.

6. OBJECTIVES

The overall goal of this policy is to transform FATA into community-driven,totally sanitized, healthy and liveable region. Its specific objectives are asfollows:

i To dispose-off excreta, wastewater and solid waste in a safe, culturally

acceptable, affordable, and sustainable manner; and to promote

hygiene practices;x. To link and integrate sanitation programs with water resources,

drinking water supply, housing, city and town planning, health,

education, social welfare, women development, information and

environmental policies;


xi. To facilitate access of all citizens to basic level of services in sanitation

including sanitary latrines at households, schools, health facilities,

public places;xii. To promote community approaches to total sanitation for a wider

impact during a shorter period of time;xiii. To introduce wastewater treatment and solid waste management at

household, community and institutional levels;xiv. To enhance capacity of government agencies and other stakeholders at

all levels for better sanitation services provision and their sustainable

operations& maintenance;xv. To fulfill the national commitments towards international and regional

goals in sanitation;xvi. To increase awareness among the stakeholders regarding sanitation

and community mobilization.

7. TARGETS

This policy aims to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)3 whichare currently proposed to be as follows:

By 2030, provide universal access to adequate sanitation and hygienefor all;

By 2030, provide universal access to safe and affordable sanitation andhygiene including at home, schools, health centers and refugee camps,paying special attention to the needs of women and girls;

By 2030, improve water quality by significantly reducing pollution,

eliminating dumping of toxic materials, and improving wastewatermanagement by x%, recycling and reuse by y%.

On the journey towards achieving the above stated SDGs, the followinginterimquantifiable targets are set for improving sanitation conditions in FATA:

Excreta management - Use of Sanitary Latrines o Reduction of 10% by 2018, the communities engaged in open

defecation

o Reduction of 50% by 2025, the communities engaged in opendefecation

o 100% Open-Defecation Free status by 2030

Liquid waste management including treatmento Reduction of 5% in the unserved populationby 2018

3SustainableDevelopment.un.org


o Reduction of 25% in the unserved populationby 2025

o 100 %(?)access to liquid waste management including treatmentby 2030

Solid waste management o Reduction of 10% in the unserved populationby 2018

o Reduction of 40% in the unserved populationby 2025

o 100 %(?) access to solid waste management by 2030

Hygiene promotion education/sensitizationo Reduction of 40% in the unreached populationby 2018

o Reduction of 65% in the unreached populationby 2025

o Universal coverage by 2030

8. SANITATION OPTIONS

In the context of this policy the following sanitation options will beconsidered:

i The provision of adequate, appropriate, hygienic and gender friendly

toilets for the public use will be ensured in all public buildings, health

and educational facilities, restaurants, recreation and amusement

areas, markets, community halls, workplaces and industries. paying

special attention to prevailing cultural norms and needs of women,

elderly and disabled;ii In urban areas and high-density rural settlements, all flush latrines

shall be connected to sewerage systems terminating in sewage

treatment facilities.xvii. In sparsely populated urban extensions, peri-urban areas and

low-density rural settlements, ventilated pit latrines or pour flush

latrines connected to properly designed and maintained septic tanks

linked to wastewater collection, treatment and disposal systemscan be

an appropriate choice;xviii. Integrated solid waste management will be promoted and practiced

through selection and application of appropriate measures,

technologies and management programs;

xix. The adoption of “3R Principle” i.e. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle shall be promoted for waste management, and encourage waste segregation tomaximize resource use and conservation;


xx. Minimum sewage treatment facilities shall be those of the biological

treatment type, properly designed, constructed and maintained so that

the effluent produced is in accordance with the National Environmental

Quality Standards (NEQS);xxi. The treatment of wastewater for irrigation purposes shall comply with

the WHO guidelines4;xxii. All public and private sector development projects (existing and new)

must have their own systems of appropriate solid and liquid waste

treatment facilities ensuring compliance to NEQS/environmental

regulations;xxiii. Developers and housing societies will be charged the proportional cost

of the government developed sewage and solid waste disposal

systems;xxiv. Disposal of storm water can be combined with sewage disposal

provided that the effluent can bypass the treatment plants during

rains;xxv. Solid waste in large and intermediate sized communities will be

disposed of in an appropriate manner including waste recycling and

properly designed landfill sites. In case of smaller settlements,

area-specific solutions shall be developed in line with the NEQS.

9. POLICY GUIDELINES

9.1 Financial Arrangements

To achieve the objectives of this policy, the Government of FATA shall ensurethe provision of required financial resources whether from its own sources,those of federal government and/or through donor support. The provincialand local governments will make similar allocations in their annualdevelopment plans.

9.2 Effluent Quality Monitoring

A regulatory body shall be setup to monitor industrial and municipal effluentsfor ensuring compliance to the NEQS and other environmental regulations.Effluent treatment mechanism will be established and effectively managed atthe municipal wastewater treatment plants.

4 World Health Organization (2006) “Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater,

excreta and grey water – Volume 2: Wastewater Use in Agriculture”.


9.3 Capacity Building

i Successful sanitation projects will be designated as model training

centres for government officials and field staff, community activists,

technicians and elected representatives.xxvi. At the municipal and village levels, a team of community technicians

will be trained in surveying, mapping, estimation and supervision of

construction work so as to provide technical support to the municipal

committees. Salaries for such technical teams will be arranged through

an endowment fund created exclusively for this purpose. The technical

teams will also be responsible for providing scientific knowledge and

training in the skills to relevant NGOs and community members;xxvii. The capacity of government at all levels will be developed to promote

community awareness, mobilize demand for improved sanitation and

adopting Public-Private Partnership models;xxviii. Professional, academic and research institutions will be involved in the

technical capacity building of government departments. Moreover, the

help of such institutions will be sought in development of definitions,

data classification, knowledge repository and reporting standards.

9.4 Awareness, Education and Training

i The FATA government will develop programs seeking advice and

collaboration of mass media to promote sanitation related messages

and to develop special programmes related to sanitation and its nexus

with civic responsibility, health and education;xxix. Ulema and Khateebs will be incentivised and motivated for advocacy in

raising awareness on sanitation;xxx. Information on preventive healthcare will be promoted and

disseminated at grass root level;xxxi. A sanitation training/awareness raising program will be initiated on the

relationship between unsafe excreta, wastewater and solid waste

disposal, their adverse effects on the environment and the human

health as part of the curriculum at all educational and teacher training

institutions;xxxii. An important part of the program will be related to the adverse effects

on sanitation systems due to the use and improper disposal of

non-biodegradable materials;xxxiii. Sanitation related issues will also be incorporated in the government’s

other policies and plans to help achieve sustainable development.

FATA Sanitation Policy....................................................................................................Page 10 of 18

9.5 Public Toilets

Public toilets will be adequately provided on a priority basis in all publicplaces and buildings. The toilet requirements and specifications will be builtinto all applicable bye-laws. Where feasible, the toilets will be constructed bythe private sector on build, operate and transfer (BOT) basis or throughPublic-Private Partnership models.

9.6 Public-Private Partnership

Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) are helpful in combining skills, expertise,and other resources from various entities to achieve results that areotherwise difficult to realize.The following approaches are proposed toencourage such partnerships:

i The role of private sector in provision of sanitation services will be

institutionalized. To this end, an appropriate regulatory framework will

be introduced to facilitate and promote the role of private sector as

well as monitor its activities;ii Capacity of government departments will be built in knowledge, design

and implementation of various kinds of PPP models;xxxiv. Establishment of the “Private Sector-Community-NGO” linkages shall be

encouraged and promoted. The concerned government agencies will

identify feasible projects and assign roles and responsibilities to them

through consultations with non-government partners.

9.7 Urban Sanitation

i The concerned government agencies will carry-out proper surveys and

assessments for documentation of existing settlements and

sanitation/drainage related infrastructure. On the basis of this

documentation, a program for rehabilitation of dilapidated

infrastructure will be developed and implemented;xxxv. An overall sanitation plan will be developed for all urban settlements

by the concerned government agency in coordination with other

agencies involved in sanitation sector. The plan shall focus mainly on

the details of all sanitation related components and shall ensure its

implementation;xxxvi. Wherever sewage is intended to be transported through storm water

drains, it shall be ensured that such drains are covered fully until their

termination into treatment facilities. The treated effluent may then be

discharged into natural water bodies, used for agricultural purposes, or

converted into lakes and ponds as part of recreational areas;


xxxvii. In order to minimize O&M costs, pumping based sewerage systems

shall be avoided as far as possible;xxxviii. Proper systems for safe garbage/solid waste disposal will be

established by the concerned government agency ensuring the

availability of staff, equipment, vehicles and properly designed

dumping/landfill sites;xxxix. The solid waste management systems can be either managed by the

concerned government agency,through PPP, or outsourced to the

private sector. In any case, the performance of the system shall be

regulated.

9.8 Rural Sanitation

i A program for motivation, technical advice and subsidy (through supply

of materials) will be initiated in selected areas for the construction of

sanitation infrastructure including latrines and wastewater disposal

systems. The program shall also educate people on the health

problems associated with handling of human excreta, animal dung and

fodder waste, and wastewater;xl. The use of wastewater from individual households in low-density

villages for irrigation will be encouraged. For this purposetechnical

assistance shall be provided by the concerned government

departments;xli. Provision of land and management services by a private entity for

development of a wastewater treatment or solid waste management

facility shall be allowed under mutual agreement with the concerned

government agency. The private entity in such a case shall be entitled

to sell the treated water and manure to the farmers;xlii. The conversion of any land into residential use will not be allowed

unless its sanitation plan is approved by the concerned government

agency.

9.9 Hospital Waste

Hospital waste management regulations will be notified by the government and

enforced through a regulatory body.

9.10 Disaster Preparedness and Response

i FATA, agency/region and local level Emergency Preparedness and

Response Plans (EPRPs) will be developed in coordination with FDMA


for ensuring safe sanitation services provision to the people affected by

emergencies such as floods, earthquakes, droughts and conflicts;xliii. Sanitation systems, wastewater and solid waste disposal systems shall

be designed and constructed with due consideration to natural

hazards, man-made disasters and emergencies. In this respect, the

technical advice and cooperation of academia and research institutions

in developing appropriate guidelines shall be sought;xliv. Training programs on emergency preparedness and response will be

arranged for the staff of line agencies, civil society organizations and

communities working in the sanitation sector; and

9.11 Environment Friendly Sanitation Systems

The government shall support research institutes and organizations forresearch in ensuring the development of affordable environmental friendlysanitation systems and technologies.

9.12 Cross Sectoral Issues

Sanitation policy is closely related to water resources and drinking water,housing, town planning, health, education and gender issues as well asdrainage and industrial effluent disposal programs and projects. A process ofcoordination at the FATA, agency and local level will be established betweenthe different sectors related to sanitation programs.

10. GENDER

It shall be ensured that all sanitation related policies, projects and programsare gender-sensitive and promote empowerment of women. In this respectthe relevant government agencies will address the sanitation issues, whichimpact women more adversely, such as lack of access to sanitation facilities.Since women play a crucial role in water management, sanitation andhygiene and education at the household level, therefore, recognition ofwomen’s role will contribute to the overall development of the sector. Womencommunity leaders at local level will be imparted training in the fields ofhealth, hygiene and sanitation, so that they could work as change agents fortheir respective communities/sphere of influence.

11. POLICY INSTRUMENTS

The sanitation policy will be implemented with the help of following policyinstruments:

i On the basis of the FATA-SP, the government will prepare and put in

place a regulatory framework (rules, regulations and procedures) and a

strategy for the implementation of this policy and for the coordination


between the various stakeholders involved in sanitation related issues.

This framework will be implemented at the FATA, agency, and local

levels;xlv. Component Sharing and Total Sanitation models for the provision of

sanitation will be formalized. Relevant procedures and regulations for

their implementation will be developed;xlvi. Legislation regarding excreta disposal and solid & liquid waste

management shall be developed by the government of FATA and

implemented by the concerned government entities. xlvii. The responsible government agencies will raise funds for the O&M of

sanitation systems and/or hand over O&M responsibilities to the

communities and the private sector so as to make them financially

sustainable.xlviii. Public-Private-Civil Society partnership will be established for

management of the sanitation related issues.

12. INCENTIVES

A system of rewards will be constituted to incentivize achievement of the

policy objectives such as the following:

12.1 Rewards for all “Open-Defecation Free” communities

Fiscal incentives will be made available to all communities that achieve an‘open-defecation free’ status. An open-defecation free community would havecompletely eradicated the practice of open defecation and ceased effluentreleases into open drains etc.

A monitoring system through FATA/agency level functionaries will bedeveloped to validate ‘open defecation free’ status prior to the release offunds.

12.2 Rewards for “100 percent sanitation coverage”

In addition to the eradication of ‘open defecation’, further fiscal incentiveswill be made available to communities that have addressed broaderenvironmental health issues to achieve 100 per cent sanitation status. Acommunity that has achieved 100 per cent sanitation coverage status will, inaddition to being ‘open defecation free’, have achieved the status of; (a) 100per cent sanitation coverage of individual households, schools and publicareas, (b) free of indiscriminate solid waste disposal and (c) eradicated allstagnant water sites.

The eligibility criteria shall be devised in the FATA sanitation strategy to beprepared for implementation of this policy.


12.3 Rewards for the Cleanest Community

To promote excellence in the delivery of sanitary outcomes, a ‘cleanestcommunity’ competitions will be introduced. This scheme will provide a prizeto the community in each agency that has achieved the highest standard indelivering environmental ‘quality of life’ outcomes.

The community shall be judged by independent committees, comprising ofconcerned government departments staff and external support agencies, onthe basis of criteria that shall encompass; (a) excreta disposal, (b)wastewater disposal, (c) solid waste disposal, (d) personal hygiene, (e)community participation and (f) quality of life.

13. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF STAKEHOLDERS

13.1 Government Institutions

i An effective institutional arrangement for realizing the goals of this

policy must includea leadingentity with responsibility for

coordinatingthe efforts of other entities and the capacity to play a

leadership role. Therefore, a separatesanitation division will be

established in the PHE Wing of Works and Services Department;xlix. Financial resources for water supply and sanitation projects will be

allocated according to the water supply and sanitation Action Plans to

be prepared by PHE and LGRD;l. The implementation of the FATA-SP will be monitored and evaluated by

the WATSAN cell of P & D Department.All FATA government

departments will fulfill their respective roles in accordance with the

provisions of this policy and other relevant laws, rules and regulations;li. The WATSAN cell in coordination with the PHE and LGRD shall remove

all anomalies, lack of regulations and procedures and conflict of roles

between government institutions to make it possible for various tiers of

government to fulfill their assigned roles;lii. The government will take steps to increase the capacity and capability

of all sanitation related departments in accordance with the provisions

of this policy ;liii. Elected representatives and the political administration will identify

NGOs, CBOs and private sector (formal and informal) good practices

and adopt them for training their employees with the help of the

corresponding partners so as to replicate these practices in other

locations ;


liv. The process for the establishment of a management information

system (MIS) will be initiated at all government levels, in order to

enable planning and development of sanitation; consolidation of

information and data from all monitoring and research entities; and

make it freely available to the public through a policy of data sharing

within and amongst all sanitation related organizations;lv. All sanitation related government agencies will prepare a

comprehensive map and database which will be linked to the proposed

MIS. On the basis of this, the sanitation agencies will prepare spatial

medium term plans which will guide and steer the future development

in the sector;lvi. The NGOs and CBOs that work on sanitation related issues will be

encouraged to work on the self-help Component Sharing Sanitation

Model;lvii. Community mobilization units willbe established in PHE and LGRD

which shall provide assistance to communities in fulfilling their roles as

elaborated below.

13.2 Private Sector

Private sector organizations will be encouraged to discharge their socialresponsibilities by undertaking initiatives for safe and healthy physicalenvironment in FATA. These organizations will also be encouraged toparticipate in the provision of sanitation infrastructure and its management.

13.3 NGOs and CBOs

i NGOs will be encouraged to help in the formation of Community Based

Organizations (CBOs) and to guide them to formulate sanitation

projects;lviii. NGOs and CBOs will be encouraged and assisted by the government in

mobilizing communities for sanitation related programs and

projects.The NGOs and CBOs in turn shall assist the government in

planning, funding and development of community based sanitation

infrastructure;

13.4 Donors

Donors, bilateral and multilateral agencies play a vital role in thedevelopment of FATA and thus would be encouraged and supported toimprove the provision of sanitation services throughout FATA throughtechnical and financial assistance. The government shall advise its


programmatic priorities to the donors and coordinate their assistance so as toavoid duplication of efforts.

13.5 Communities

Communities will be encouraged to maintain a safe and pleasant environment in

their settlements, participate in the provision of sanitation infrastructure and its

management through mobilization, consultations and media campaigns.The

mobilization process will especially focus on the creation of awareness among

women. Proper base mapping will be developed for sanitation related

organizations to share their data through Sanitation MIS.

13.6 Individual Households

Individual households will be encouraged to build latrines, keep the insideand surroundings of their properties clean and not to dispose of waste in thestreets, storm water drains and public spaces. They will also be encouragedto cooperate with the governmental and non-governmental entities workingin sanitation and with their neighbours to form community organizations thatcan promote and manage sanitation programs and projects.

13.7 Media

The government will encourage the media to propagate/publish public servicemessages related to sanitation in their entertainment programmes. Moreover,educational programmes on sanitation and health related issues shall bedeveloped that motivate the public to improve sanitation and hygienepractices in their houses, neighborhoods and settlements.

14. IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING

14.1 Implementation Strategy

i The policy will be implemented by all concerned FATA government

departments, public agencies and autonomous bodies in accordance

with the guidelines, principles and measures spelt out in this policy.lix. Communities, NGOs and the private sector will be supported and their

involvement encouraged in accordance with the provisions of the

policy.

14.2 Monitoring and Evaluation

i Government department such as PHE, LGRD, Health, and Education,

will prepare annual progress reports that shall be shared at all levels by

the WATSAN cell;lx. Every department shall produce an annual progress report and detailed

accounts of works undertaken in that year along with problems that


have been encountered, shortfalls and their reasons, and suggestions

for remedial measures;lxi. Anannual sectoralworkshop will be organized by the WATSAN cell as

part of monitoring and evaluation process. All the concerned

government agencies, NGOs, CBOs and donors will participate in this

workshop;lxii. These workshops and progress reports will determine effectiveness of

the sanitation policy and programs, and reasons for successes and

failures to effect necessary changes in the regulatory and procedural

aspects of the policy;lxiii. Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the policy will be

done by the WATSAN cell in coordination with other departments and

other stakeholders.

14.3 Policy Review and Redressal of Issues

The FATA-SP policy shall be reviewed every 2 years from approval year ormore frequently if deemed necessary by “Policy Review Committee” to benotified by the FATA Secretariat once the policy is approved. Based on theexperiences and feedback from the line departments, communities, andother sector stakeholders, necessary corrective actions and measures shallbe undertaken to keep the policy up-to-date.

Difficulties and bottlenecks if any, in implementation of this policy’sprovisions will be dealt with by the P&D Department of FATA Secretariat toclarify such issues, problems and difficulties as deemed necessary orexpedient to redress.


DRAFT DRINKING SANITATION POLICYfata.gov.pk/cp/uploads/downloads/14151840055459fcaaf125b.pdf ·...

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