Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)
description
Transcript of Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)
(guinea worm disease)
Presentation by:
Joy Tapp
Dracunculiasis
[Dracunculus medinensis]
*One of the largest known Nematodes*Causes Dracunculiasis*Commonly called the Guinea Worm
Class:Order:
Family:
SecernenteaSpiruridaDracunculoidea
GENERAL INFO:::
*Found in superficial subcutaneous tissues
*First described as early as 1530 BC and some historians believe it is the "fiery serpent” described in the Bible
*Thought to be the transitional parasite between digestive tract and filarial parasites of tissues
(General info continued)
DISTRIBUTION:::*Poor communities in Africa with unsafe drinking water
*Mostly found in Subsahara Africa
*CDC reports that in 2003 only 32,193 cases were reported (63% from Sudan)
*WHO has certified 168 countries free of transmission (including Pakistan, India, Senegal and Yemen)
*Since 1995 only 2 cases reported in America (those individuals were from Sudan)
LIFE CYCLE:::
*The adult female emerges from the skin (90% legs and feet)
*Person with protruding worm enters water, and female releases larvae
*Copepods ingest larvae and within 10-14 days they reach the infective stage
LIFE CYCLE:::*Once ingested, larvae travel to the small intestine
*Penetrate wall of small intestine and pass into the body cavity
*Over 10-14 months, the adult females grow to full size (2-3 feet)
*The mature female then migrates to site where she will emerge (usually lower limbs)
*A blister will develop at the emerging site, and within 1-3 days it will rupture
*Worm will emerge from ulcerated skin
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LIFE CYCLE:::
*Skin blisters and ulcers create a burning sensation and those infected often immerse affected limbs in water
*When infected individual enters water, female will release larvae
*Female is capable of releasing larvae for several days whenever in contact with water
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SYMPTOMS:::*Symptoms occur approximately one year after infection.
*A few days to hours before the worm emerges, a person may experience the following: fever, swelling, pain in area, rash with severe itching, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness
*Lesions may lead to secondary bacterial infections, which in turn may lead to: increased pain, may cause some to have locked joints and permanent crippling
*Each time a worm emerges, a person may be unable to work or resume daily activities for up to 3 months. Emergence usually occurs in planting or harvesting season, leading to heavy crop loses and financial problems for the family.
*Worms that do not emerge may form cysts and eventually calcify.
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TREATMENT:::* Remove worm
* Worms that have emerged from skin may be successfully removed by wrapping the worm around a, small stick. This process often lasts a few weeks to months. Ocassionaly it may take only a few days.
* There is no successful drug treatment, although some drugs may be used to treat symptoms
* Worms may also be surgically removed before ulcer formation
* Analgesics (asprin and ibuprofen) are used to reduce swelling
*Antibiotic ointment may be used to prevent bacterial infections
PREVENTION:::*The main way to prevent infection is through education
*Educate indiviuals in areas prone to infection to: -Drink water from underground sources free from contamination -Do not enter drinking water sources with an ulcer -Use a filter for drinking water to remove copepods
*Unsafe water can be boiled or treated with an approved larvicide to kill copepods
REFERENCES:::IMAGEShttp://tmcr.usuhs.mil/tmcr/chapter27/large27/27-10ABC.jpg (cysts on human)www.uhrad.com/msiarc/msi024.htm (x ray, use leg and pelvis images)http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/bio16/images/22_bac13.jpg (pulling out with stick use for treatment)http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/GuineaWorm.jpg (large image of pulling out)http://www.cgdev.org/images/millions/ms-map_case10.gif (distribution)http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2006/03/25/international/for_WORM_map.gif (dist)http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/gw/images/gwpie.gif (pie graph)http://corpse.x-zone.lv/medicine/worm/dracunculus.gif (microscope)www.sp01.com/micro/worms/imagepages/image2.htm (worm coming out of leg)http://www.asylumeclectica.com/asylum/malady/archives/dracun/dracun6.gif (worm and ruler)http://www.itg.be/itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/imagehtml/images/prevs/CD_1024_070c.jpg(life cycle worm releasing egg)http://users.telenet.be/biologie/images/dierensys_02.jpg (2 worms)http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/183_01_040705/letters_040705_fm-2.jpg (good calcification)http://cpl.yonsei.ac.kr/micro/para/images/p1_20_2.jpg (copepod)http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/dran1.jpghttp://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/dran2.jpg
INFOhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/dracunculiasis/factsht_dracunculiasis.htmhttp://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracunculiasihttp://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/Ent156html/nemas/dracunculusmedinensishttp://parasitology.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/login/n/h/2166.htmlhttp://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic616.htmhttp://www.dhpe.org/infect/guinea.html
(guinea worm disease)
Presentation by:
Joy Tapp
Dracunculiasis
[Dracunculus medinensis]
Thank You