Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

17
(guinea worm disease) Presentation by: Joy Tapp Dracunculia sis [Dracunculus medinensis]

description

Dracunculiasis [Dracunculus medinensis] (guinea worm disease). Presentation by Joy Tapp at Georgia State University 111006

Transcript of Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

Page 1: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

(guinea worm disease)

Presentation by:

Joy Tapp

Dracunculiasis

[Dracunculus medinensis]

Page 2: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

*One of the largest known Nematodes*Causes Dracunculiasis*Commonly called the Guinea Worm

Class:Order:

Family:

SecernenteaSpiruridaDracunculoidea

GENERAL INFO:::

Page 3: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

*Found in superficial subcutaneous tissues

*First described as early as 1530 BC and some historians believe it is the "fiery serpent” described in the Bible

*Thought to be the transitional parasite between digestive tract and filarial parasites of tissues

(General info continued)

Page 4: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

DISTRIBUTION:::*Poor communities in Africa with unsafe drinking water

*Mostly found in Subsahara Africa

*CDC reports that in 2003 only 32,193 cases were reported (63% from Sudan)

*WHO has certified 168 countries free of transmission (including Pakistan, India, Senegal and Yemen)

*Since 1995 only 2 cases reported in America (those individuals were from Sudan)

Page 5: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

LIFE CYCLE:::

*The adult female emerges from the skin (90% legs and feet)

*Person with protruding worm enters water, and female releases larvae

*Copepods ingest larvae and within 10-14 days they reach the infective stage

Page 6: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

LIFE CYCLE:::*Once ingested, larvae travel to the small intestine

*Penetrate wall of small intestine and pass into the body cavity

*Over 10-14 months, the adult females grow to full size (2-3 feet)

*The mature female then migrates to site where she will emerge (usually lower limbs)

*A blister will develop at the emerging site, and within 1-3 days it will rupture

*Worm will emerge from ulcerated skin

(continued)

Page 7: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

LIFE CYCLE:::

*Skin blisters and ulcers create a burning sensation and those infected often immerse affected limbs in water

*When infected individual enters water, female will release larvae

*Female is capable of releasing larvae for several days whenever in contact with water

(continued)

Page 8: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)
Page 9: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

SYMPTOMS:::*Symptoms occur approximately one year after infection.

*A few days to hours before the worm emerges, a person may experience the following: fever, swelling, pain in area, rash with severe itching, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness

*Lesions may lead to secondary bacterial infections, which in turn may lead to: increased pain, may cause some to have locked joints and permanent crippling

*Each time a worm emerges, a person may be unable to work or resume daily activities for up to 3 months. Emergence usually occurs in planting or harvesting season, leading to heavy crop loses and financial problems for the family.

*Worms that do not emerge may form cysts and eventually calcify.

Page 10: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

SYMPTOMS:::(continued)

Page 11: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

SYMPTOMS:::(continued)

Page 12: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

SYMPTOMS:::(continued)

Page 13: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

SYMPTOMS:::(continued)

Page 14: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

TREATMENT:::* Remove worm

* Worms that have emerged from skin may be successfully removed by wrapping the worm around a, small stick. This process often lasts a few weeks to months. Ocassionaly it may take only a few days.

* There is no successful drug treatment, although some drugs may be used to treat symptoms

* Worms may also be surgically removed before ulcer formation

* Analgesics (asprin and ibuprofen) are used to reduce swelling

*Antibiotic ointment may be used to prevent bacterial infections

Page 15: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

PREVENTION:::*The main way to prevent infection is through education

*Educate indiviuals in areas prone to infection to: -Drink water from underground sources free from contamination -Do not enter drinking water sources with an ulcer -Use a filter for drinking water to remove copepods

*Unsafe water can be boiled or treated with an approved larvicide to kill copepods

Page 16: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

REFERENCES:::IMAGEShttp://tmcr.usuhs.mil/tmcr/chapter27/large27/27-10ABC.jpg (cysts on human)www.uhrad.com/msiarc/msi024.htm (x ray, use leg and pelvis images)http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/bio16/images/22_bac13.jpg (pulling out with stick use for treatment)http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/GuineaWorm.jpg (large image of pulling out)http://www.cgdev.org/images/millions/ms-map_case10.gif (distribution)http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2006/03/25/international/for_WORM_map.gif (dist)http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/gw/images/gwpie.gif (pie graph)http://corpse.x-zone.lv/medicine/worm/dracunculus.gif (microscope)www.sp01.com/micro/worms/imagepages/image2.htm (worm coming out of leg)http://www.asylumeclectica.com/asylum/malady/archives/dracun/dracun6.gif (worm and ruler)http://www.itg.be/itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/imagehtml/images/prevs/CD_1024_070c.jpg(life cycle worm releasing egg)http://users.telenet.be/biologie/images/dierensys_02.jpg (2 worms)http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/183_01_040705/letters_040705_fm-2.jpg (good calcification)http://cpl.yonsei.ac.kr/micro/para/images/p1_20_2.jpg (copepod)http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/dran1.jpghttp://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/parasitology/dran2.jpg

INFOhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/dracunculiasis/factsht_dracunculiasis.htmhttp://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracunculiasihttp://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/Ent156html/nemas/dracunculusmedinensishttp://parasitology.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/login/n/h/2166.htmlhttp://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic616.htmhttp://www.dhpe.org/infect/guinea.html

Page 17: Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis) (guinea worm disease)

(guinea worm disease)

Presentation by:

Joy Tapp

Dracunculiasis

[Dracunculus medinensis]

Thank You