Dr. shengzhi session 4 communal land registration
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Transcript of Dr. shengzhi session 4 communal land registration
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The Recognition of The Recognition of Customary Tenure and Customary Tenure and
Communal Rights in Communal Rights in ChinaChina
Shengzhi Li Sichuan Academy of Social Science
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Some in China’s HistorySome in China’s History
1.1. Before the liberation (1949) , Before the liberation (1949) , Aristocracy – Aristocracy – Family Control – CommunityFamily Control – Community, , The imperial The imperial power or authority does NOT go down to power or authority does NOT go down to countrysidecountryside..
2. 1949 – 1980: 2. 1949 – 1980: Collectivization and Collectivization and CentralizationCentralization, , every right belongs to the every right belongs to the collective collective
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Some Factors in China’s HistorySome Factors in China’s History
3. 1980 – : 3. 1980 – : ReformationReformation, , Cross the river by Cross the river by feeling the stonesfeeling the stones
• Development and revision of Land laws, all Development and revision of Land laws, all emphasizes on collective property-right emphasizes on collective property-right
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Beijing
Western China Western China
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• One Village, > 1,000 km2, 10 households• Common affairs, both in production and daily-life • Customary tenure in Gonggashan N.R. • Communal rights and collective actions
2. Gongga Village
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• One Village, 2,200 km2, 180 – 200 households• Government tried to divide and contract grassland to households in the last 20 years
3. Cuochi Village
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• Community: still maintain nomadic production and life style with close cooperation with 4 – 5 households • Government: Too far to Monitor and CORRECT
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• National Grassland Conservation Program + Wetland Conservation Program• USD 10,000 – 20,000/year, some > 50,000 /year • Direct to households, no serious monitoring and penalty
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4. Ecological Resettlement
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about USD 10,000/household subsidy, better social service
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15
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16
1960s -1972
May
June
August
November
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17
1982-2000
May
September
AugustOctober
June
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• 向传统学习向传统学习• 恢复移动性恢复移动性• 合作与合作社合作与合作社
18
2000-2012
Fenced Area in May Fenced Area in December
June - September
September - November
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5. Reformation of Collective-owned Forest Land 5. Reformation of Collective-owned Forest Land
• Forest land allocated to households;• To classify households’ utilization rights, management rights of forestland, and property right of trees;• Resistance and procrastination of officers at grassroots level, regarding issues of efficiency and fairness, specially customary tenure; • Not completed after 10 years
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6. Civil Society’s Intenventions
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FutureFuture
3. 1980 – : Reformation, 3. 1980 – : Reformation, Cross the river by Cross the river by feeling the stonesfeeling the stones
• Granting land utilization rights to households, Granting land utilization rights to households, firstly 30 years, and then permanent; firstly 30 years, and then permanent;
• National conservation programs only National conservation programs only recognize household as a qualified unit but recognize household as a qualified unit but not collective;not collective;
• Privatization of collective-owned forest land;Privatization of collective-owned forest land;• Out-migration and off-farm employmentOut-migration and off-farm employment
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FutureFuture
3. 1980 – : Reformation, 3. 1980 – : Reformation, Cross the river by Cross the river by feeling the stonesfeeling the stones
• Incentives given to cooperatives;Incentives given to cooperatives;• Enhancing rural governance Enhancing rural governance
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FutureFuture
Communities ?Communities ?