Dr santosh kumar Assistant professor Medical unit 2.
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Transcript of Dr santosh kumar Assistant professor Medical unit 2.
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Metabolic bone disease
Dr santosh kumarAssistant professorMedical unit 2
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Definition The term “metabolic bone disease” denotes thoseConditions producing diffusely decreased bone densityAnd diminished bone strength.
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Osteoporosis
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Essential of diagnosis Asymptomatic to severe backache from vertebral fractures. Spontaneous fractures often discovered incidentally on radiography; loss of height. Serum PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phos- phatase usually normal. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels often low as a comorbid condition. Demineralization, especially of spine, hip, pelvis, and wrist
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Definition It is defined as low bone mass and micro-architecturaldestructions of Bone tissue leading fragility and fracture of bone.Bone is normally mineralized but decrease in quantity ,quality and Structural Integrity.
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Peak bone mass and bone loss are regulated by genetic(80%) and environmental factor (20%),genetic like (ESR1)oestrogen receptor
gene,(LRP5)lipoprotein related receptor gene In normal individual 20-40years bone
formation is increased but fall after that. After menopause is an accelerated phase of
bone loss.
pathophysiology
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Post menopausal osteoporosis Osteoporosis in men Steroid induced osteoporosis Pregnancy associated osteoporosis Other causes
variety
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Hypogonadism Hyperthyroidism Hyperparathyroidism Cushings syndrome Etc
Endocrine disease
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Inflammatory bowel disease Ankylosing spondylitis RA Etc
Inflammatory disease
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Malabsorption syndrome Chronic liver disease Others causes
Gasterointestinal disease
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Corticosteroids Thyroxine over –replacement Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist Sedative Anticonvulsant drugs Alcohal excess Heparin others
drugs
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Myeloma Homocystinuria Anorexia nervousa High trained athletes HIV infection Immobilisation Poor diet /low birth weight
miscellaneous
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Asymtomatic until fracture occurs. Osteoporotic spinal fracture present back pain or gradual onset of height loss and kyphosis
with chronic pain. in hip fracture affected leg shortened and
externally rotated. Some time on bony pain in old age or
menupause Incidental osteopenia in xrays performed foe
other reasons.
Sign and symptoms
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InvestigationsX rays of bone related limbRoutine profile of bloodSerum calcium level Alkaline phosphatase levelBone density like radiographs, DXA sccaning
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Management of osteoporosis
• Assess risk factors• If present, proceed to DXA (may not be necessary In all patients with fragility fractures).• Exclude secondary causes in patients with osteoporosis
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In patients with previous fragility fracture And those aged over 65 years with BMD T
Score < -2.5 measured by DXA
• Offer lifestyle advice (e.g. exercise, diet, smoking cessation)• Offer treatment: First-line option alendronate or risedronate Also-raloxifene in woman with vertebral osteoporosis -Teriparatide in woman with very severe osteoporosis, or if intolerant to other therapies Give calcium and vitamin D supplements where appropriate
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In younger patients with BMD T score < -2.5(measured by DXA, hip + spine)
• Assess need for treatment based on age and other independent risk factors• Offer lifestyle advice• Offer treatment as above, if appropriate
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In frail older individuals
• Offer lifestyle advice• Fall risk assessment and advice where appropriate• Give calcium and vitamin D supplements• Hip protectors for individuals in nursing homes
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Thanks