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Dr Rakesh Calton MD
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Main Objective:Learn Medical Terminology
New students to Medical Terminology often bewildered by strange spelling and pronunciation.
Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latin
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The Layman’s Medical Terms…
Enema Not a friendArtery Study of paintingG.I. Series Army baseballImpotent Distinguished, well
known
Terminal Illness Airport sicknessVaricose NearbySeizure Roman EmperorOutpatient Person who has
fainted
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Medical Terminology
Mispronunciations
Barium - What you do when CPR fails.Benign - What you are after you be
eight.Coma - A punctuation mark.Morbid - A higher offer. Urine - opposite of you’re out.Tablet - A small table.
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A study of physiological systems approach to provide principles of medical word building. Provides medical vocabulary including anatomy, physiology, systems, diagnostic testing and pharmacology. This course is appropriate for health science students such as nursing, dental hygiene, paramedics, and physical therapy assisting; as well as medical transcriptionist students.
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Course ObjectivesApply basic principles of medical word
building.Correctly pronounce medical terms.Define common medical terms.Relate common medical terms to human
anatomy and physiology; common disease states, pharmacological categories and diagnostic tests.
Identify the medical terminology in medical record reports.
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A Busy Course!Are you feeling
like a lot of information is about to come your way?
The answer is
YES.
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Look Up Unfamiliar Terms
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5 Ways to LearnSayingHearingSeeingWritingThinking
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Synopsis:The Word-Building System – Introduction to Word Parts Including Word Roots, Suffixes, Prefixes, Parts of Speech, Plural Formation
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Word-building SystemBuilding thousands of words by using a few
word parts
There are exceptions also
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Word Roots (WR)Usually derived form Greek or Latin Frequently indicates a body partMost medical terms have one or more
word roots
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Examples of Word RoodsGreek Word Word Root
Kardia (heart) Cardi
Gaster (stomach) Gastr
Hepar (liver) Hepat
Nephros (kidney) Nephr
Osteon (bone) oste
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Word RootThe foundation of a word.Port
Trans/port, ex/port, sup/portFix
Suf/fix, pre/fix, af/fixGastr
Gastr/itis, Gastr/ectomy, gastr/ic
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Combining Forms (CF)
Combining Form (CF) is a Word Root (WR) plus a vowel, usually an “o”
Usually indicates a body part
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Combining VowelAdding a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, or y) to a word root
to create a combining form allows 2 or more word roots to be joined to form a compound word. It also allows a word root to be joined with a suffix (word ending) to form a word. Vowel makes the term easier to pronounce.Examples: Cyt/o/meter, micr/o/scope, micr/o/film,
micr/o/be, neur/o/spasm, therm/o/meter, micr/o/surgery
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Combining FormWord root + vowel = Combining formMicr/ o = Micr/o Word root Combining vowel combining form
Gastr/o, therm/o, micr/oCombining vowel = (a, e, i, o, u, or y)
Gastr/ o/ duoden/ -ostomy Word root combining vowel word root suffix
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Combining Forms ExamplesCardi/ + o = cardi/o heartgastr/ + o = gastr/o stomachhepat/ + o = hepat/o livernephr/ + o = nephr/o kidneyoste/ + o = oste/o bone
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Combining form (word root + vowel) is usually used to join a word root to a suffix or other root that begins with a consonant.
Combining form + Suffix = Compound WordGastr/o duoden/o -scopy =
Gastroduodenoscopy combining form combining form suffix compound
word
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A word root, not a combining form, is used to join a word root with a suffix or another word root that begins with a vowel.
Word root + Suffix = WordDermat + itis = Dermatitis word root suffix word
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Compound WordCompound words can be formed when 2 or
more word roots are used to build the word. Sometimes word roots are words.
Word root + word root = Compound wordChicken + Pox = Chickenpox Word root word root compound word
Examples: underage, shorthand, download, brainstem
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Compound WordCompound word can also be formed from a
combining form and a whole word.Therm/o + meter = Therm/o/meter Combining form word compound
word
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Compound WordMicr/o + scopeMicr/o + surgeryMicr/o + meter
Hydr/o + phobiaHydr/o + celeHydr/o + therapy
MicroscopeMicrosurgeryMicrometer
HydrophobiaHydroceleHydrotherapy
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SuffixSuffix is an ending that follows a word root.May be in a noun form or an adjective formCombining form + Word root + Suffix =
Compound wordMicr/o + scop + -ic Combining form word root suffix
Examples: therm/o/metr/ic, electr/o/stat/ic, hydr/o/chlor/ic
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SuffixWord root + Suffix = Noun
Anem -ia AnemiaWord root + Suffix = Adjective
Anem -ic AnemicSuffix may change the part of the speech
between a noun and an adjective
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SuffixNoun-osis cyanosis-ia anemia-us mucus-um ilium-e condyle-us carpus-itis arthritis-sis emesis
Adjective-otic cyanotic-ic anemic-ous mucous-ac iliac-ar condylar-al carpal-itic arthritic-tic emetic
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Suffix
Verbs are words that represent action or a state of being.
The suffixes –ed or –ing added to the word alter the tense of this verb.Past tense: Vomited, InjectedPresent Participle: Vomiting, Injecting
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Suffix - Noun
-ism = condition, state, of theory
-tion = condition-ist = specialist-er = one who-ity = quality
Examples:• Hyperthyroidism,
Darwinism, Mendelism• Contraction, relaxation• Psychiatrist• Radiographer• Sensitivity,
conductivity
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Suffix - Adjective
-ous = possessing, having, full of
-able = ability-ible = ability
Examples:• Nervous, mucous,
serous• Injectable, inflatable• Edible, reducible
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Suffix: Singular vs. PluralGreekSingular Suffixeso -on
o Spermatozoon, ganglion
o -mao Carcinoma, lipoma
o -siso Crisis, prognosis
o -nxo Larynx, pharynx
Plural Suffixeso -a
o Spermatozoa, gangliao -mata
o Carcinomata, lipomata
o -seso Crises, prognoses
o -geso Larynges, pharynges
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Suffix: Singular vs. PluralLatinSingular Suffixes-a
Vertebra, conjunctiva-us
Bacillus, bronchus-um
Bacterium, ilium-is
Testis
Plural Suffixes-ae
Vertebrae, conjunctivae
-iBacilli, bronchi
-aBacteria, ilia
-esTestes
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Suffix: Singular vs. PluralLatinSingular Suffixes-ex
cortex-ix
Appendix-ax
thorax
Plural Suffixes-ices
cortices-ices
appendices-aces
thoraces
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Practice…Singular:SarcomaDiagnosisPhalanxCoccusCalcaneumVertexCervixthorax
Plural:SarcomataDiagnosesPhalangesCocciCalcaneaVerticesCervicesthoraces
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PrefixPrefix is a word part that goes in front of a
word root, changing the meaning of the word.
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PrefixEx- + tension = ExtensionEx- + press = ExpressDis- + please = DispleaseDis- + ease = DiseaseIm- + plant = ImplantSup- + plant = SupplantTrans- + plant = Transplant
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Acr/o = Extremities
Acr/o = extremities (arms and legs)Acr = word rootO = vowelAcr/o = combining form
Acr/o/paralysis: Paralysis of extremitiesAcr/o/cyan/osis: Condition of blue
extremitiesAcr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of skin of
the extremities, like red inflamed hands
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Megal/o = Enlarged, Large-megaly = Suffix for “enlarged”Acr/o/megaly: Enlargement of the extremitiesAcromegalic Gigantism = A specific disorder
of the body with enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and head.
-y = Suffix that means “the process or condition”. Makes a word a noun.
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Dermat/o = Skin-logy = (noun) Study of-logist = (noun) One who studies-logos = Greek for studyDermat/o/logist: The person who specializes
in diseases of the skinDermat/o/logy: The study of skinEti/o/logy: Study of the origin of disease
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-itis = InflammationDermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin
i.e. Contact (allergic reaction) dermatitis, or due to infection, inflammation, trauma
Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin of the extremities
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-osis = Condition, Status, ProcessDermat/osis: Any skin condition. (abnormal
condition). (noun)Cyan/osis: Condition of blueness
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Cyan/o = Blue, BluenessCyan/osis: (noun) Condition of bluenessCyan/otic: (adj.) Pertaining to a condition of
blueness-tic = adjective suffix for “pertaining to”
Acr/o/cyan/osis: Blueness of the extremitiesCyan/o/derma: Bluish discoloration of the
skin
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Basic Rule One A WR (word root) is used before a suffix that
begins with a vowel.Scler/ + osis = sclerosis
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Basic Rule TwoA combining vowel is used to link a WR to a
suffix that begins with a consonant and to link a WR to another WR to form a compound wordcolon/o + scope = colonscopeosteo/ o/ chondr/ itis = osteochondritis
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Defining Medical WordsFirst, define the suffix or endingSecond, define the prefix, or beginningThird, define the middle
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Pronunciation GuidelinesAe and oec and ge and eschIpnps