Dr Peter FisherDr Peter FisherClinical DirectorClinical Director

Director of ResearchDirector of Research

Expert Advisor to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)Expert Advisor to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

The UK experience:The UK experience:The Royal London Hospital for The Royal London Hospital for

Integrated MedicineIntegrated Medicine

University College London Hospitals

• One of largest academic medical centres in UKOne of largest academic medical centres in UK• Medical school and specialist institutes, linked to Medical school and specialist institutes, linked to

University College LondonUniversity College London• 8 hospitals:8 hospitals:

• University College Hospital (general/acute)University College Hospital (general/acute)• Cancer CentreCancer Centre• Eastman Dental HospitalEastman Dental Hospital• Elizabeth Garret Anderson Elizabeth Garret Anderson (gynaecology, obstetrics, children)(gynaecology, obstetrics, children)• Heart HospitalHeart Hospital• Hospital for Tropical DiseasesHospital for Tropical Diseases• National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryNational Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery• Royal London Hospital for Integrated MedicineRoyal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

The Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine peter.fisher@uclh.nhs.uk

10 leading causes of disease burden 2004 & 2030 (WHO)

WHO: The global burden of disease: 2004 update (2008)

Prevalence of mental disorder• Annual population prevalence in EU 38%: 165m people

• anxiety disorders (14%) • insomnia (7%) • major depression (7%) • somatoform (6%) • alcohol and drug dependence (>4%) • ADHD (5%) • Dementia (1-30%, depending on age)

• 27% of total disease burden• Undertreated

Wittchen HU et al. The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21:655-79

...and Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms (MUPS)

2005 2010 % change

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 333,816 413,370 24%

Fibromyalgia 389,782 446,586 15%

Multiple Chemical Sensitivities 598,585 784,798 31%

Target Population 27,125,065 28,890,710 7

Statistics Canada: Canadian Community Health Survey 2010

Multimorbidity is common• 40 morbidities ⅓ population of Scotland

• 42% > 1 morbidity • 23% multimorbid• increases with age but absoute number higher in younger• onset earlier in deprived areas particularly including mental

health • Challenge single-disease framework

• Personalised, continuity of care especially in deprived areas

Barnett K et al. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet May 2012 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2

Lowest socio-economic quartile

Highest socio-economic quartile

Adverse drug events (ADEs)

• Common• In USA 4.6% of deaths, top 5 causes of death • Hospitalized 6.5% , almost double risk of death • 4,335,990 outpatient attendances • 107,468 hospital admissions in 2005 • 9 17/1000 between 1995-2005

• Expensive• Prolong hospital stays, increased resource utilization

Adverse drug events (ADEs)

• Associated Factors• age• number of medications • female gender

Bourgeois FT et al. Adverse Drug Events in the Outpatient Setting: An 11-Year National Analysis Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010 19 901–910.

A perfect storm?

Why integrate medicine?

• chronic & multimorbid conditions v pandemic of iatrogenic illness

• Reduce medication, treat person not disease• fiscal imperatives v

expensive diagnostics & treatments• Effective economical whole person treatment• greater duration of life v

greater duration of poor quality later life• Safe whole person long term treatments

Why integrate medicine?

• high-tech, high impact, high-cost interventions v caring, commitment, compassion

• Revive the art of medicine• concordance v

efficacy• Patient-friendly, culturally appropriate treatments• dependency on drugs and medical services v

disillusionment and medical counterculture• Restore confidence in medicine

The NHS hospital most recommended

by its own patients:

NHS Choices website

The Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine:

clinical services• Acupuncture

• including high volume & training clinics• mostly western, some TCM

• Allergy • Children• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME• Complementary Cancer• General medicine

• Including inflammatory and functional bowel• Podiatry

Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

RLHIM: clinical services 2

• Weight loss• Insomnia• Integrated facial pain• Integrated antenatal• Musculoskeletal medicine • Rheumatology• Skin • Stress & mood disorder• Women's

Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

RLHIM: innovation• 1950’s 1st NHS Complementary Cancer Service• 1977 1st NHS Acupuncture Service• 1995 1st NHS Musculoskeletal medicine service• 2005 1st NHS Group acupuncture service• 2005 1st UK course on Integrated Medicine for doctors• 2006 1st NHS Integrated antenatal service• 2007 1st Integrated allergy service• 2008 1st NHS Herbal clinic• 2009 1st Integrated weight loss service• 2010 1st Integrated insomnia service• 2012 Complementary Cancer Care in UK’s largest cancer centre

What problems do GPs face? Effectiveness Gaps

• A clinical area where available treatments are not fully effective or satisfactory, for any reason.

• Never previously researched Top 5 EGs % GPs reportingMusculoskeletal problems 91Depression 45Eczema 36Chronic pain 32Irritable bowel syndrome 32

Fisher P et al. Effectiveness gaps: A new concept for evaluating health service and research needs applied to complementary and alternative medicine. J Alt Comp Med, 2004;10:627–632.

Why do patients come to Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine? (925 responses from 493 patients)

Sharples F, Van Haselen R, Fisher P. NHS patients’ perspective on complementary medicine. Comp Ther Med 2003;11:243-248.

The Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine: therapies

• acupuncture• mostly western, some TCM

• aromatherapy• autogenic training• cognitive behaviour therapy• cranio-sacral therapy• graded exercise • homeopathy• nutritional medicine

• exclusion, supplements, nutraceuticals

Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

RLHIM: therapies 2• lifestyle management• occupational therapy• physiotherapy• phytotherapy

• standardised extracts • western mixtures• Chinese an aspiration

• shiatsu• spinal manipulation• sublingual immunotherapy • wet needling

Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

Dimensions of integration

• System• Normal NHS system• Common electronic patient records

• Governance and evaluation• professionals trained in CM, subject to discipline• Culture of evaluation

• Guidelines • eg National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

guidelines for low back pain recommend acupuncture and manipulation

Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

Dimensions of integration:professionalism

Dimensions of integration: information and education

• Education and training: integrated and ‘hands-on’• Specialist advice• NICE External Expert Panel• Complementary and Alternative Medicine Library and

Information Service (CAMLIS) • Physical and online

Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

Dimensions of integration:hands-on training

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Library and Information Service (CAMLIS)

www.cam.nhs.uk

Models of integration

• Fully integrated: • integrated Chronic Pain Service with dental hospital• integrated antenatal service with UCLH midwives

• Unique services: Allergy and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome • UCLH’s only services for under-provided conditions: • guideline recommended treatments & CM.

Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

Models of integration 2

• Colocated services: in UCLH’s main centres• cancer • children

• Cost effective services for ‘effectiveness gap’ conditions: • group acupuncture

• knee, low back, headache, facial pain• group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Autogenic Training

• insomnia, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia

• Informal: Contacts, ad-hoc referrals etc

Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine

High volume acupuncture clinic for knee pain

Constraints to Integration

• Coordinated hostile media campaign• NHS provision• Regulation

• Scepticism• colleagues, particularly academic and older

• Financial• but often saves money

The Challenges:

• Commissioners ‘Low priority’ treatments• evidence of clinical/cost effectiveness limited • grommets, tonsillectomy… varicocoele, refashioning

scars….• Complementary medicine of all types

• ‘Referral management’ • Slow, bureaucratic, often refused

Commissioning challenges:clinical pathways

• Category 1 based on authoritative guidelines• Approximately 60% of patient attendances

• Category 2• Complementary cancer care

• Category 3 require individual approval

NHS Commissioning‘Category 1’

based on authoritative guidelines

Stress & Mood Disorder Group Acupuncture Chronic Headache

Non-Organic Insomnia Group Acupuncture Knee Pain

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Hayfever

Fibromyalgia Syndrome Weight Loss

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Facial Pain

Chronic low back pain

NICE Guideline Low Back Pain

• 1.4 Manual therapy • 1.4.1 Consider offering a course of manual therapy, including spinal

manipulation, maximum of 9 sessions over up to 12 weeks

• 1.5 Other non-pharmacological therapies • 1.5.1 Do not offer laser therapy • 1.5.2 Do not offer interferential therapy• 1.5.3 Do not offer therapeutic ultrasound• 1.5.4 Do not offer transcutaneous electrical nerve simulation (TENS) • 1.5.5 Do not offer lumbar supports • 1.5.6 Do not offer traction

• 1.6 Invasive procedures • 1.6.1 Consider offering a course of acupuncture maximum of 10 sessions over up

to 12 weeks • 1.6.2 Do not offer injections of therapeutic substances

http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG88

Royal London Hospital for Integrated MedicineLow Back Pain Care Pathway

Complies with NICE Guideline CG88 Low Back PainRevised October 2012

Royal London Hospital for Integrated MedicineIrritable bowel syndrome Care Pathway

Based on NICE Guidelines for IBS in Adults (CG61), British Society of Gastroenterology Guidelines for Management of IBS (2007)

Revised February 2011

Royal London Hospital for Integrated MedicineComplementary Cancer Care Pathway

• category 2: Not requiring prior approval, not guideline based

NHS Commissioning‘Category 3’

require prior approval

Antenatal Skin

Mother & baby Osteoarthritis

Autogenic training Musculoskeletal other

Children behavioural Inflammatory arthritis

Vulnerable includes some of most popular & innovative services

‘Musculoskeletal other’approval criteria

• Commissioners will only fund Integrated Medical treatment for Musculoskeletal and Rheumatology • pain and/or disability significantly restricting work,

everyday living • AND

• Inadequate response to at least 2 treatments including: • physiotherapy and exercise, weight loss, simple analgesic, low dose

antidepressant, NSAID, corticosteroid DMARD or biological agent• Heavy use of health services

• >4 primary and secondary care consultations in previous 6 months, >6 in previous 12 months

• Medically unexplained physical syndrome after extensive medical investigations and causing significant distress

Summary

• Responsive to need• services offering range of therapies

• Integrated in depth• Dimensions• Service models

• Guidelines, evidence, pathways• Patient preference

Keys to success

1) Patient-centredness2) Patient-centredness3) Patient-centredness4) Patient-centredness

2) Quality & Safetypractitioners, medicinal products, processesquality assurance: audit, governance

3) Innovationresponsive to need, guidelines etc

4) Integrationbest of complementary and conventional

The Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine peter.fisher@uclh.nhs.uk

International Congress for Complementary Medicine Research

London 11 - 13 April 2013www.iccmr2013.com

• Global sustainability of healthcare for chronic conditions • Global Pandemic of long term conditions:

35/58 million deaths annually worldwide• 80% of consultations in industrialised countries

• Multimorbidity/polypharmacy/iatrogenic illness.• Ecofootprint of pharmaceutical industry• Underexploited resources of

traditional/complementary/integrated medicineInternational Congress for Complementary Medicine Research

London 11 - 13 April 2013www.iccmr2013.com

Thank you for your attention

peter.fisher@uclh.nhs.uk