DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY...FOOD ADDITIVES: SOME GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY...
Transcript of DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY...FOOD ADDITIVES: SOME GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY...
FOOD ADDITIVES: SOME GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ISSUES
DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY
Founding Director and Professor Emeritus
INSTITUTE for FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, USA
1st ARAB CONFERENCE: “REGULATORY CONTROL ON FOOD, DRUGS AND MEDICAL DEVICES” Egypt, April 2013
WHY SHOULD FOOD ADDITIVES / FOOD CONTACT MATERIALS BE REGULATED?
• PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH
• INFORM THE CONSUMER
• PROTECT AGAINST FRAUD
• ASSURE FAIR TRADE PRACTICES
• PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT
EU: NOTIFICATIONS BY HAZARD (2010) http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/docs/resff_annual_report_2010_en.pdf
• 680 MYCOTOXINS
• 549 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS
• 284 PESTICIDE RESIDUES
• 251 HEAVY METALS
• 170 FOOD ADDITIVES and FLAVOURINGS • 137 FOREIGN BODIES
• 108 NON-PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS
• 106 GMO/NOVEL FOOD
• 87 ADULTERATION/FRAUD
• 67 ALLERGENS
• 51 PACKAGING DEFECTIVE/INCORRECT • 29 LABELLING ABSENT/INCOMPLETE/INCORRECT
Food Contact Legislation in
Global and Emerging Markets
Vincent Hegarty
CODEX DOCUMENTS
AVAILABLE ON INTERNET --- 1
YEAR of REPORTS
CCFA: China. 2012 and 2013
www.codexalimentarius.org/download/report/775/REP12_FAe.pdf www.codexalimentarius.org/download/report/796/REP13_FAe.pdf
ARAB COUNTRIES ATTENDING:
2012 2013
ALGERIA EGYPT
EGYPT KUWAIT
OMAN MOROCCO
SAUDI ARABIA QATAR
SUDAN SAUDI ARABIA
SUDAN
CODEX GENERAL STANDARD FOR FOOD ADDITIVES (GSFA) (Codex STAN 192-1995)
• INFORMATION FOR FOODS BUT NOT FOR FOOD CONTACT MATERIALS (PACKAGING).
• FOODS IN WHICH ADDITIVES MAY BE USED:
1. Dairy products and analogues
2. Fats and oils, and fat emulsions
3. Edible ices
4. Fruits and vegetables
5. Confectionery
6. Cereals and cereal products
GSFA (Continued:
7. Bakery wares
8. Meat and meat products
9. Fish and fish products
10. Eggs and egg products
11. Sweeteners, including honey
12. Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, and protein products
13. Foodstuffs for particular nutritional uses
14. Beverages, excluding dairy products
15. Ready-to-eat savouries
16. Prepared foods
And most of the above foods are PACKAGED --- where are the regulations?
CCFA: Hangzhou, China March 12-16, 2012
www.codexalimentarius.org/download/report/775/REP12_FAe.pdf
• SOME OUTCOMES:
• Draft revision of the Standard for Food Grade Salt
• Proposed draft Specifications for the Identity and Purity of Additives
• Risk Analysis Principles Applied by the CCFA
• Commodity committees to submit technological justification with their proposals for endorsement
CCFA: SOME AGENDA ITEMS Beijing, China, March 18-
22, 2013 www.codexalimentarius.org/download/report/796/fa45_01e.pdf
• Aluminium containing food additives of the GFSA
• Aspartame – acesulfame salt
• Nisin in meat and meat products
• Priority List of Food Additives
• Colours for re-evaluation by JECFA
• Food additive provisions in commodity standards
FOOD ADDITIVES – CODEX – RISK ANALYSIS www.codexalimentarius.org/download/report/775/REP12_FAe.pdf
• CCFA and JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) ---
continuous interaction between risk assessors and risk managers is critical
• Contributions to the risk analysis process involve all interested parties and
are fully transparent and thoroughly documented.
• CCFA shall base its risk management recommendations to the CAC on
JECFA’s risk assessments ….
• JECFA’s scientific experts should be selected on the basis of their
competence and independence, taking into account geographical
representation to ensure that all regions are represented.
SOME RECENT JECFA ACTIVITIES
• JECFA decisions are mostly professional judgments based on reviews of published and unpublished data
• “Project to update the principles and methods for the assessment of chemicals in food” www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/principles/en/index1.html
• “Request to provide latest national individual food consumption data into the new templates for acute and chronic exposure assessment” www.who.int/foodsafety/consumption_call/en/index.html
• Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Dietary Exposure Assessment Methodologies for Residues of Veterinary Drugs” www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/jecfa/vet_drugs/en/index.html
“FOOD ADDITIVE”: DEFINITION
CONTAINS THE WORDS “PACKING,” “PACKAGING”
• CODEX ALIMENTARIUS YES • UNITED STATES YES • EUROPEAN UNION YES • INDIA YES • CANADA NO • CHINA NO
• AUSTRALIA / NEW ZEALAND NO
COMMENTS ON PREVIOUS SLIDES:
• How uniform and up-to-date are our global regulations of food additives, including food contact materials (packaging)?
• If a country does not regulate food contact materials as a “food additive” then where/how are they regulated?
• Food companies use “least cost formulation” --- do all countries listed in previous slide have harmonized food additive/packaging regulations?
• How good is traceability in the event of a problem?
• Is the use of food contact materials increasing in YOUR country? Are they produced by many small to medium sized companies? Are these regulated/inspected?
SOME QUESTIONS AND CONCERNS:
> 10,000 chemicals can be added directly or indirectly to food (U.S. Food Additives Amendment Act, 1958) (For details see: www.pewtrusts.org/our_work_detail.aspx?id=1203
• How many of the 10,000 chemicals have undergone toxicological testing?
• Are standards for the identity and purity of additives applied appropriately , consistently and standardized for all countries?
• Are national food laws and regulations for food additives updated regularly and applied effectively by all countries?
• Unfortunately, laws and regulations for packaging are in their infancy in some countries and non-existent in others.
INDIA: LARGE PRODUCER and EXPORTER of FOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL
“….. existing regulations governing the packaging industry are obsolete, partly because of the narrow focus of these regulations and partly because they fail to take into account technological change and the rapid growth in the variety of foods that are now being packaged.”
Divya Satija, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) April 15, 2010
www.icrier.org/page.asp?MenuID=24&SubCatID=177&SubSubCatID=731
BISPHENOL A (BPA): BRIEF HISTORY www.packagingdigest.com/article/print/522115-History_of_BPA.php
• 1891 Synthesized --- Russia
• 1905 First mentioned in a scientific paper --- Germany
• 1930s BPA recognized as an artificial estrogen --- United Kingdom
• 1950s BPA in polycarbonate (PC) consumer products --- worldwide
• 1960s US FDA approves BPA for PC water bottles, baby bottles, food containers and epoxy linings for metal-based food and beverage cans
• 1990s BPA linked to a number of health effects
• 2012 US FDA --- no ban on BPA for food and beverage packaging
France --- ban on BPA on all food containers by January 1, 2014
BPA: HEALTH / MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS
POSITIONS (as of March 2013):
• WHO EXPERT MEETING: “For many end-points, points of departure are much higher than human exposure. Hence, there is no health concern for these end-points.”
www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/chemicals/BPA_Summary2010.pdf
• AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION: “We need more science-based research on BPA including development and use of safe, non-harmful alternatives to BPA ……”
www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/csaph/health-tips-bisphenol-a.pdf
• CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION: “… Overall, Health Canada advises that the public should not be concerned about BPA. Aside from polycarbonate baby bottles, all other plastic containers can continue to be used safely.” www.cma.ca/index.php?ci_id=86519&1a_id=1
No, those aren’t my diplomas.
Nature
Biotechnology,
Vol. 17,
May 1999
FOOD LAWS & REGULATIONS
GOVERNMENT
Create/Monitor
CONSUMERS
FOOD INDUSTRY
Implement
UNIVERSITIES
Analyze/Educate
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United States
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European Union
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Canada
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Latin America
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Middle East
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Asia
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International
Food Laws
Codex
Alimentarius
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OIE
(World
Organisation
for Animal
Health
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IPPC
(International
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Winner 2003 ADEC National Excellence in Distance Education Award
SHOKRAN
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GO RAIBH MAITH AGAIBH