Dr (Ms) Chandrika Varadachari - FIRT - Chandrika Varadachari.pdf · Innovator Dr (Ms) Chandrika...
Transcript of Dr (Ms) Chandrika Varadachari - FIRT - Chandrika Varadachari.pdf · Innovator Dr (Ms) Chandrika...
Slow-release micronutrient fertilizers
Biorelease Smart Fertilizers
Dr (Ms) Chandrika Varadachari
Raman Centre for Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
CalcuttaCalcutta
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Innovator
Dr (Ms) Chandrika Varadachari, PhD, FNAAS, FAScT,
Director, Raman Centre for Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Calcutta
Recognitions
Fellow, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, India
Fellow, State Academy of Science & Technology
Awards
Young Scientist Award, Indian National Science Academy
Young Scientist, Department of Scientist & Technologyg , p gy
UNESCO-ROSTCA Award
Lockheed Martin India Innovation Gold Medal
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Lockheed Martin India Innovation Gold Medal
Micronutrient fertilizers
Necessary building blocks that plants require, e.g., iron, zinc
Micronutrients improve yield & nutrition
Micronutrient fertilizers needed in addition to NPK fertilizers
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PRESENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGY
Limitations Of Water Soluble Fertilizers
TECHNOLOGY
Conversion to non-available forms due to reactions with soilwith soil
Ground water pollution due to leaching.
ffi iLow use-efficiency.
Low economic returns
Usage is very limited and crop yields are poor
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CONSEQUENCES
High input costs
Low usage for food crops
Yields not optimized – Global food shortages
Lower nutrient levels in cereals, grains,Lower nutrient levels in cereals, grains, vegetables
Water pollutionWater pollution
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IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES
Polymer Zeolite Gel based Frits (glasses) Oxidesycoated based
(g )
Nutrients NPK with t f
NPK with t f
NPK with t f
Micronutrients + h h t
Micronutrienttraces of
micronutrientstraces of
micronutrients
traces of micronutrients
+ phosphate
Markets Home gardens Golf course Agricultural Very limited Mainly forMarkets Home gardens, Turfs,
Golf courses
Golf course, flowers, turfs, etc
Agricultural crops,
nursery, etc.
Very limited, mainly for
boron
Mainly for zinc, for long term treatment
Applicabi Customized for Non- Customized Sandy soils Acidic soilsApplicability
Customized for soil & crop
types
Non-commercial
crops
Customized for soil & crop
types
Sandy soils Acidic soils
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MECHANISMS OF SLOW-RELEASE
• By diffusion through a membrane or gel
• By hydrolytic solubilization
• Ion exchangeIon exchange
• Slow dissolution of insoluble materials
Biorelease Smart Micronutrients
Bio-release smart fertilizer is a new category of slow-g yrelease fertilizer
Molecules designed so that nutrient release is governedMolecules designed so that nutrient release is governed by organic acids secreted by plants and microbes
The fertilizer effectively acts as a store from whichThe fertilizer effectively acts as a store from which crops can extract nutrients as and when they need it.
Th i i h l f f i i ilThey mimic the natural form of nutrients in soils. Nutrient release is under the control of the plant itself.
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Characteristics
Inorganic chemical compounds
All constituents are plant nutrientsAll constituents are plant nutrients
Insoluble in water
100% soluble in citrate and DTPA
Micronutrients in available formMicronutrients in available form
Powdery & non-hygroscopic
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Chemical nature
Inorganic polymers based on polymericInorganic polymers based on polymeric
phosphates
Major chemical constituents are micronutrients,
P, MgP, Mg
Have -P-O-P- linear chains that function as
cation exchangers for micronutrient cations
Crystalline11
y
Typical Structure
From : A new slow-releasing iron fertilizer : Chemical Engineering Journal Volume 155, Issues 1-2, 2009, pp 451-456
Smart fertilizers developed
Zinc
Iron
Manganeseg
Copper
Any combinations of these in different ratios with orAny combinations of these in different ratios, with or without B and Mo (as compounds not mixtures)
Iron-manganese-copperIron manganese copper
Zinc-iron-manganese-molybdenum
Zi i bZinc-iron-manganese-copper-boron
Process outline
Phosphoric acid in reactor
Add solids
Heat with agitation to polymerizeg p y
NeutraliseNeutralise
Dry
Pulverize
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Raw materials
Phosphoric acid
With micronutrient source :
Zi id / I fi / I id /Zinc oxide / Iron ore fines / Iron oxide/ Manganese carbonate / Copper carbonate / Boric acid / Molybdenum trioxide
& base for neutralization
Magnesia / lime / ammonia
Field trials
About 20 field trials all over India
With 10 different crops
In 6 different types of soils
In 7 states of IndiaIn 7 states of India
Eight of these conducted & certified by
Agricultural Universities and Institutes
Statistically designed trials with 6 replicates in
Randomized Block Design
Location Bio-release
Crop Yield increase
Increase over
Reduction in dosage
Increase over ZnSO4
Field trial results with zinc fertilizer
release fertilizerdosage in
kg/ha
increase over control
in kg/ha(no Zn)
over control (no Zn)
dosage compared to
ZnSO4
ZnSO4
State Rice Research Station, West Bengal
2.27 Rice 637 14 % 60% 7 %
-do- Residual Rice 717 30 % - 31 %
Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar
2.27 Rice 400 11 % 60% 10 %
-do- Residual Wheat 738 22 % - 6 %do Residual Wheat 738 22 % 6 %
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Karnataka
1.14 Corn 2378 59 % 75% 36 %
Bangalore, Karnataka
State Government Research Farm, Nagpur, Maharashtra
1.14 Wheat 1092 38 % 75% 28 %
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Farmer’s field, Murshidabad, WB
0.64 Green gram
(pulses)
324 16 % 36% 6 %
Location Bio-release Crop Yield Increase Reduction Increase
Field trial results with multinutrient (Zinc-Iron-Manganese-Copper) fertilizer
Location Bio-release fertilizer(dosage)
Crop Yield increase
over controlin kg/ha
Increase over control
(no micronutrie
nt)
Reduction in dosage compared to sulfates
Increase over
sulfates
nt)
Farmer’s field, 24
Parganas
1 kg/ha Zn, 0.33 kg/ha Fe, 0.17 kg/ha Mn,
0.08 kg/ha Cu
Rice 1405 43 % 75% 24 %
Farmer’s field, Hooghly
2 kg/ha Zn, 0.66 kg/ha Fe, 0.34 kg/ha Mn,
0.16 kg/ha Cu
Rice 699 19 % 50% 15 %
Farmer’s 1 kg/ha Zn, 0.33 kg/ha Potato 4175 42 % 75% 28 %field Hooghly Fe, 0.17 kg/ha Mn,
0.08 kg/ha Cu
Farmer’s field,
0.75 kg/ha Zn, 0.375 kg/ha Fe, 0.19 kg/ha
Red cabbage
9730 22 % 25% 9 %,
Murshidabad, Mn, 0.09 kg/ha Cug
CRIJAF, ICAR, UP
2 kg/ha Fe, 1 kg/ha Mn Cauliflower
4452 40 % 0% 54 %
18DARL,
Auli,Uttarakhand
1.2 kg/ha Zn, 0.9 kg/ha Fe, 0.45 kg/ha Mn, 0.6 kg/ha Cu,1.2 kg/ha B
Radish 3290 61 % - -
Performance benefits
Yi ld C t P t i Vit i C Z & FYield responses
Cost per acre
Protein content (green gram)
Vitamin Cin
vegetables
Zn & Fein vegetables
/ cerealsEnvironment friendliness
g )
Good Reasonable Significant Significant Significant GoodGood Reasonable Significant increases
(16%)
Significant increases (>30%)
Significant increases (>20%)
Good
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
1) Chandra PK, Ghosh K and Varadachari C (2009) A new slow-releasing iron fertilizer, Ch i l E i i J l [El i ] 155 451 456Chemical Engineering Journal [Elsevier], 155 451-456.
2) Bandyopadhyay, S., Bhattacharya, I., Ghosh, K., and Varadachari, C. (2008) A New Slow-Releasing Molybdenum Fertilizer, Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry [A i Ch i l S i ] 56 1343 1349[American Chemical Society], 56 1343-1349.
3) Bhattacharya I, Bandyopadhyay, S, Varadachari C and Ghosh K (2007) Development of a novel slow-releasing iron-manganese fertilizer compound, Industrial & E i i Ch i t R h [A i Ch i l S i t ] 46 2870 2876Engineering Chemistry Research [American Chemical Society] 46 2870-2876.
4) Ray S K, Varadachari C and Ghosh K (1997) Novel slow-releasing micronutrient fertilizers 2. Copper compounds, Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry [American Chemical Society] 45 1447 1453[American Chemical Society] 45 1447-1453.
5) Ray S K, Varadachari C and Ghosh K (1993) Novel slow-releasing micronutrient fertilizers. I. Zinc compounds, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research [American Chemical Society] 32 1218 1227[American Chemical Society] 32 1218-1227.
Five US patent applicationsp pp
Nine Indian patents / applications
Economic, effective, environment-friendlyA new generation micronutrient fertilizers for theA new generation micronutrient fertilizers for the
millennium
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Winner ofL kh d M ti I di I ti A d 2008Lockheed Martin India Innovation Award 2008Judged by an International Team of Experts from IC2 I tit t U i it f T t A ti & F d tiInstitute, University of Texas at Austin & Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry (FICCI)
as the best out of over 350 technologies that competed from IITs IISc Companies Government Institutesfrom IITs, IISc, Companies,Government Institutes,
Universities, etc
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Thank you
Soil Information
Location Soil type pH Texture(sand,silt,clay)
OM(g kg-1)
Zn(ppm)
Fe(ppm)
Mn(ppm)
Cu(ppm)
SRRS, West Bengal Haplustalf 4.8 36, 34, 30 7.1 0.2 - - -
RAU, Pusa, Bihar Ustifluvent 8.4 10, 40, 50 4.8 0.1 - - -
UAS, Bangalore, Karnataka
Haplustalf 5.6 83, 5, 12 4.1 1.1 - - -Karnataka
SGRF, Nagpur, Maharashtra
Chromustert 8.0 9, 20,71 6.9 1.9 - - -
Farmer’s field, Haplustept 7.2 72, 7, 21 4.2 1.0 35 - -e s e d,Murshidabad
p us ep 7. 7 , 7, . .0 35
Farmer’s field, 24 Parganas
Endoaquept 5.7 52, 9, 42 9.1 4.2 52 50 1.1
Farmer’s field, Hooghly
Haplustept 6.2 59, 8, 33 6.9 2.7 60 69 0.6
CRIJAF, ICAR, UP Haplustept 8.1 59, 21, 20 4.8 - 12 9 -
25DARL, Auli Dystudept 4.9 Sandy loam 38 5 68 - 1.4