Dr Kwame Nkrumah

8/12/2019 Dr Kwame Nkrumah

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Dr. Kwame Nkrumah

(1909-1972)

A Short Biography

Kwame Nkrumah Photo Gallery

Excerpts from peeches

!he "#$ #x

% peak of &ree'om- 191

fr#ca*#sm a*' +ulture- ,ecemer 192

.eet#*$ of the E'#tor#al "oar' of the E*cyclopa e'#a fr#ca*a - eptemer 2/ 19/

+o*t#*e*tal Goer*me*t for fr#ca

+o*sc#e*c#sm Ph#losophy a*' %'eolo$y for ,e-+olo*#3at#o*

4 5ome6 4 p6 4 Na8#m kar 6 4 .ar#ma *# 6 4 .olef# Kete sa*te 6 4 %shakamusa "arasha*$o 64 osef "e*-:ocha**a* 6 4 :aco 5; +arruthers 6 4 +h#*we#3u6 4:oh* 5e*r#k +larke 6 4+he#kh *ta ,#op 64 uther K#*$ :r; 6 4 Patr#ce >umuma 64 Nelso* .a*'ela 6 4Geral' .assey 6 4 Kwame Nkrumah 6 4!h?oph#le @e*$a 6 4Kwaku Perso*->y** 64 =u*oko =ash#'# 6 4rthur ; chomur$ 6 4 Professor :ames mall 6 4 %a* Aa* ert#ma 6

4 &ra*ces +ress


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Biography of Kwame Nkrumah

(1909-1972)

Kwame Nkrumah ecame the f#rst pr#me a*' later pres#'e*t of Gha*a; 5e was or* o*eptemer 21 1909 at Nkroful #* what was the* the "r#t#sh-rule' Gol' +oast the so* of a$ol'sm#th; !ra#*e' as a teacher he we*t to the *#te' tates #* 19CD for a'a*ce' stu'#esa*' co*t#*ue' h#s school#*$ #* E*$la*' where he helpe' or$a*#3e the Pa*-fr#ca*+o*$ress #* 19/D; 5e retur*e' to Gha*a #* 19/7 a*' ecame $e*eral secretary of the*ewly fou*'e' *#te' Gol' +oast +o*e*t#o* ut spl#t from #t #* 19/9 to form the+o*e*t#o* People8s party (+PP);

fter h#s 8pos#t#e act#o*8 campa#$* create' '#stura*ces #* 19D0 Nkrumah was a#le' utwhe* the +PP swept the 19D1 elect#o*s he was free' to form a $oer*me*t a*' he le'the colo*y to #*'epe*'e*ce as Gha*a #* 19D7; f#rm el#eer #* fr#ca* l#erat#o*Nkrumah pursue' a ra'#cal pa*-fr#ca* pol#cy play#*$ a key role #* the format#o* of the@r$a*#3at#o* of fr#ca* *#ty #* 19C; s hea' of $oer*me*t he was less successfulhoweer a*' as t#me passe' he was accuse' of form#*$ a '#ctatorsh#p; %* 19/ he forme'a o*e-party state w#th h#mself as pres#'e*t for l#fe a*' was accuse' of act#ely promot#*$a cult of h#s ow* perso*al#ty; @erthrow* y the m#l#tary #* 19 w#th the help of wester*ack#*$ he spe*t h#s last years #* ex#le 'y#*$ #* "ucharest =oma*#a o* pr#l 27 1972;5#s le$acy a*' 'ream of a F*#te' tates of fr#ca*F st#ll rema#*s a $oal amo*$ ma*y;

Nkrumah was the mot#at#*$ force eh#*' the moeme*t for #*'epe*'e*ce of Gha*a the*"r#t#sh


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Kwame Nkrumah Gallery

s a stu'e*t #* mer#ca s a teacher #* x#m @* the ee of my 'eparture from

>o*'o* for the Gol' +oast

#* @ctoer 19/7

$$rey 5ouse 1929; % am seate' f#rst o* the left #* the m#''le row


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!he N3#ma >#terature oc#ety

Kwame Nkrumah Gallery(Page 2)
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.rs h#rley ,u"o#s Kwame Nkrumah Koo "ots#o (Nkrumah8s &ore#$* .#*#ster) a*'


7/22

The !g S!x

,r; Kwame Nkrumah .r; @etse#->amptey .r; ko 'e#.r; E'war' kuffo-''o ,r; :; "; ,a*Huah .r;


8/22

" Speak of #ree$om

Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972) was the lea'er of Gha*a the former "r#t#sh colo*y of the Gol' +oast a*' thef#rst of the Europea* colo*#es #* fr#ca to $a#* #*'epe*'e*ce w#th maor#ty rule; *t#l he was 'epose' y acoup '8?tat #* 19 he was a maor spokesma* for mo'er* fr#ca;

&or ce*tur#es Europea*s 'om#*ate' the fr#ca* co*t#*e*t; !he wh#te ma* arro$ate' toh#mself the r#$ht to rule a*' to e oeye' y the *o*-wh#teI h#s m#ss#o* he cla#me' was toFc##l#3eF fr#ca; *'er th#s cloak the Europea*s roe' the co*t#*e*t of ast r#ches a*'#*fl#cte' u*#ma$#*ale suffer#*$ o* the fr#ca* people;

ll th#s makes a sa' story ut *ow we must e prepare' to ury the past w#th #tsu*pleasa*t memor#es a*' look to the future; ll we ask of the former colo*#al powers #sthe#r $oo'w#ll a*' co-operat#o* to reme'y past m#stakes a*' #*ust#ces a*' to $ra*t#*'epe*'e*ce to the colo*#es #* fr#caJ;

%t #s clear that we must f#*' a* fr#ca* solut#o* to our prolems a*' that th#s ca* o*ly efou*' #* fr#ca* u*#ty; ,##'e' we are weakI u*#te' fr#ca coul' ecome o*e of the$reatest forces for $oo' #* the worl';

lthou$h most fr#ca*s are poor our co*t#*e*t #s pote*t#ally extremely r#ch; @ur m#*eralresources wh#ch are e#*$ explo#te' w#th fore#$* cap#tal o*ly to e*r#ch fore#$* #*estorsra*$e from $ol' a*' '#amo*'s to ura*#um a*' petroleum; @ur forests co*ta#* some of the

f#*est woo's to e $row* a*ywhere; @ur cash crops #*clu'e cocoa coffee ruer toaccoa*' cotto*; s for power wh#ch #s a* #mporta*t factor #* a*y eco*om#c 'eelopme*t fr#caco*ta#*s oer /0 of the pote*t#al water power of the worl' as compare' w#th aout 10


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#* Europe a*' 1C #* North mer#ca; et so far less tha* 1 has ee* 'eelope'; !h#s #so*e of the reaso*s why we hae #* fr#ca the para'ox of poerty #* the m#'st of ple*ty a*'scarc#ty #* the m#'st of au*'a*ce;

Neer efore hae a people ha' w#th#* the#r $rasp so $reat a* opportu*#ty for 'eelop#*$ aco*t#*e*t e*'owe' w#th so much wealth; %*'##'ually the #*'epe*'e*t states of fr#casome of them pote*t#ally r#ch others poor ca* 'o l#ttle for the#r people; !o$ether y mutual

help they ca* ach#ee much; "ut the eco*om#c 'eelopme*t of the co*t#*e*t must epla**e' a*' pursue' as a whole; loose co*fe'erat#o* 'es#$*e' o*ly for eco*om#c co-operat#o* woul' *ot pro#'e the *ecessary u*#ty of purpose; @*ly a stro*$ pol#t#cal u*#o*ca* r#*$ aout full a*' effect#e 'eelopme*t of our *atural resources for the e*ef#t ofour people;

!he pol#t#cal s#tuat#o* #* fr#ca to'ay #s hearte*#*$ a*' at the same t#me '#stur#*$; %t #shearte*#*$ to see so ma*y *ew fla$s ho#ste' #* place of the ol'I #t #s '#stur#*$ to see soma*y cou*tr#es of ary#*$ s#3es a*' at '#ffere*t leels of 'eelopme*t weak a*' #* somecases almost helpless; %f th#s terr#le state of fra$me*tat#o* #s allowe' to co*t#*ue #t maywell e '#sastrous for us all;

!here are at prese*t some 2 states #* fr#ca exclu'#*$ the *#o* of outh fr#ca a*'those cou*tr#es *ot yet free; No less tha* *#*e of these states hae a populat#o* of lesstha* three m#ll#o*; +a* we ser#ously el#ee that the colo*#al powers mea*t these cou*tr#esto e #*'epe*'e*t #ale statesL !he example of outh mer#ca wh#ch has as muchwealth #f *ot more tha* North mer#ca a*' yet rema#*s weak a*' 'epe*'e*t o* outs#'e#*terests #s o*e wh#ch eery fr#ca* woul' 'o well to stu'y;

+r#t#cs of fr#ca* u*#ty ofte* refer to the w#'e '#ffere*ces #* culture la*$ua$e a*' #'eas #*ar#ous parts of fr#ca; !h#s #s true ut the esse*t#al fact rema#*s that we are all fr#ca*sa*' hae a commo* #*terest #* the #*'epe*'e*ce of fr#ca; !he '#ff#cult#es prese*te' yHuest#o*s of la*$ua$e culture a*' '#ffere*t pol#t#cal systems are *ot #*superale; %f the

*ee' for pol#t#cal u*#o* #s a$ree' y us all the* the w#ll to create #t #s or*I a*' wherethere8s a w#ll there8s a way;

!he prese*t lea'ers of fr#ca hae alrea'y show* a remarkale w#ll#*$*ess to co*sult a*'seek a'#ce amo*$ themseles; fr#ca*s hae #*'ee' e$u* to th#*k co*t#*e*tally; !heyreal#3e that they hae much #* commo* oth #* the#r past h#story #* the#r prese*t prolemsa*' #* the#r future hopes; !o su$$est that the t#me #s *ot yet r#pe for co*s#'er#*$ a pol#t#calu*#o* of fr#ca #s to ea'e the facts a*' #$*ore real#t#es #* fr#ca to'ay;

!he $reatest co*tr#ut#o* that fr#ca ca* make to the peace of the worl' #s to ao#' all the'a*$ers #*here*t #* '#su*#ty y creat#*$ a pol#t#cal u*#o* wh#ch w#ll also y #ts successsta*' as a* example to a '##'e' worl'; *#o* of fr#ca* states w#ll proect more

effect#ely the fr#ca* perso*al#ty; %t w#ll comma*' respect from a worl' that has re$ar'o*ly for s#3e a*' #*flue*ce; !he sca*t atte*t#o* pa#' to fr#ca* oppos#t#o* to the &re*chatom#c tests #* the ahara a*' the #$*om#*#ous spectacle of the ;N; #* the +o*$oHu#l#*$ aout co*st#tut#o*al *#cet#es wh#le the =epul#c was totter#*$ #*to a*archy aree#'e*ce of the callous '#sre$ar' of fr#ca* %*'epe*'e*ce y the Great Powers;


10/22

re$ar'e' *ot as the sha'owy 'ream of a #s#o*ary ut as a pract#cal propos#t#o* wh#chthe peoples of fr#ca ca* a*' shoul' tra*slate #*to real#ty; !here #s a t#'e #* the affa#rs ofeery people whe* the mome*t str#kes for pol#t#cal act#o*; uch was the mome*t #* theh#story of the *#te' tates of mer#ca whe* the &ou*'#*$ &athers saw eyo*' the pettywra*$l#*$s of the separate states a*' create' a *#o*; !h#s #s our cha*ce;


11/22

'fr!ca!sm a$ 1ulture

F


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other parts of fr#ca;

!he Europea* explorat#o* of fr#ca reache' #ts he#$ht #* the 19th ce*tury;


13/22

Speech at the pe!g Sess!o of the#!rst 3eet!g of the E$!tor!al oar$ of the

Ecyclopae$!a 'fr!caa

@* eptemer 2/ 19/ t the *#ers#ty of Gha*a

@sa$yefo ,r Kwame Nkrumah

,#st#*$u#she' memers of the E'#tor#al "oar' of the E*cyclopae'#a fr#ca*a >a'#es a*'Ge*tleme*

%t #s a $reat pleasure a*' pr##le$e for me to #*au$urate th#s f#rst meet#*$ of the E'#tor#al"oar' of the E*cyclopae'#a fr#ca*a; !he prese*ce o* th#s "oar' here to'ay ofreprese*tat#es from all parts of the +o*t#*e*t of fr#ca #s yet a*other toke* of the fr#ca*cultural re*a#ssa*ce wh#ch #s ma*#fest#*$ #tself s#'e y s#'e w#th the pol#t#cal resur$e*ce ofthe fr#ca* +o*t#*e*t; % must also co*fess '#st#*$u#she' $uests that to'ay % feel a $reat

se*se of rel#ef a*' oy to th#*k that at lo*$ last a f#rst s#$*#f#ca*t step has ee* take*towar's the pos#t#e real#sat#o* a*' co*summat#o* of a lo*$ cher#she' 'ream;

ears a$o % felt that fr#ca *ee's to uttress her u*#mpeachale cla#m to pol#t#cal#*'epe*'e*ce w#th parallel efforts to expose to the worl' the ases of her r#ch culture a*'c##l#sat#o* throu$h the me'#um of a scholarly E*cyclopae'#a; % therefore #*#te'


14/22

recor's from wh#ch such h#story may e co*'ucte' ;;;;; the Ne$ro (referr#*$ to the lackma*) #s esse*t#ally the ch#l' of the mome*t a*' h#s memory oth tr#al a*' #*'##'ual #sery shortF *' F#f *c#e*t E$ypt a*' Eth#op#a e exclu'e' the story of fr#ca #s lar$ely arecor' of the 'o#*$s of #ts s#at#c a*' Europea* co*Huerors a*' colo*#3ers;F

*' here % wa*t to sou*' a *ote of caut#o* aout the term FNe$ro;F % hope that #* therecor' of the E*cyclopae'#a fr#ca*a the term FNe$roF whateer mea*#*$ or co**otat#o*

has ee* $#e* to #t w#ll *ot f#*' a place except perhaps #* a spec#f#c art#cle pro#*$ #tsoppror#ous or#$#* a*' re'u*'a*cy; % woul' l#ke that people of fr#ca* 'esce*t a*' fr#ca*s#* $e*eral shoul' e 'escr#e' as lack me* or fr#ca*s; % perso*ally woul' l#ke to ereferre' to as a lack ma* fr#ca* or Gha*a#a* *ot referre' to as a FNe$roF;

%t woul' e lo*$ to attempt to surey th#s f#el' of mal#c#ous '#stort#o* a$a#*st fr#ca; "ut th#swoul' e a useless a*' u*prof#tale e*ture a*' % am sure that your E'#tor#al "oar' woul'*ot suffer th#s po#*tless waster of aluale t#me; "ut l#ste* a wh#le to >eo &roe*#us #* h#sAo#ce of fr#ca F!he ru#*s of the m#$hty past l#e slumer#*$ w#th#* the osom of the earthut are $lor#f#e' #* the memory of me* who l#e e*eath the su*;F 5e 'wells o* the F$o'-l#ke stre*$th of memory #* those who l#e' efore the a'e*t of the wr#tte* wor'F a*' he

co*t#*ues FEery archaeolo$#st ca* Huote examples from the *at#o*s of the North; "utwho woul' #ma$#*e that the Ne$ro =ace (here a$a#* referr#*$ to the lack race) of fr#capossesse' a* eHually rete*t#e m#*' for #ts store of a*c#e*t mo*ume*ts;F

%t may e ar$ue' howeer that th#s sort of #ew aout fr#ca #s 'y#*$ out a*' we may eaccuse' of wh#pp#*$ a 'y#*$ horse; %t #s also true that part#cularly #* the years s#*ce


15/22

at; >et me #llustrate th#s po#*t w#th a* example from a ook pul#she' ust f#fty years a$o yGeor$e u$ar' a*'others Ell#s state' that to h#m F#t seems more *ecessary a*' #mperat#e that the fr#ca*shoul' expla#* h#s ow* culture a*' #*terpret h#s ow* thou$ht a*' soul l#fe #f the completetruth #s to e $#e* to the other races of the earth;F

"ut there were alrea'y me* #* ewa*#ka of"arotsela*' polo Ka$wa of "u$a*'a a*' lea'ers such as :oh*!e*$o :aau olomo*!; Plaate a*' +leme*ts Ke'al#e #* outh fr#ca;

*' let us *ot for$et the #mporta*t co*tr#ut#o*s of others #* the New


16/22


17/22

cultural em#*e*ce;

!h#s $reat flower#*$ of the m#*' #* fr#ca was u*fortu*ately scorche' y the raa$es of theslae tra'e wh#ch e*coura$e' exte*s#e 'estruct#o* throu$h tr#al warfare; +lose upo* th#sset #* the e#l of colo*#sat#o* a*' the 'el#erate effort to wh#ch % hae alrea'y referre' ofpa#*t#*$ the fr#ca* lack a*' ackwar' as a al#' ust#f#cat#o* for colo*#al rule;

% hae e*'eaoure' to touch o* some of these Huest#o*s o*ly as a mea*s of mak#*$ aclear case for ust#fy#*$ our attempts to pro#'e fr#ca w#th a* E*cyclopae'#a portray#*$##'ly the $lory of fr#ca8s $reat past;

% shoul' *ow l#ke to say ust a few wor's o* the #tal Huest#o* of how th#s $reat u*'ertak#*$#s to e carr#e' throu$h to complet#o*; % must say at the outset that a roa' pol#cy ha#*$ee* la#' 'ow* the prec#se pla*s for ach#e#*$ #t must e left to the E'#tor#al "oar' a*' #tsstaff of compete*t experts; .y purpose #s o*ly to call atte*t#o* to the u*'erly#*$ pr#*c#ple -the pr#*c#ple of Pa*-fr#ca* co-operat#o* - wh#ch % el#ee to e #*'#spe*sale #* a*yco*crete pla*s of work o* the E*cyclopae'#a;

s you are aware the preparatory work o* th#s proect has ee* carr#e' forwar' for a l#ttle

more tha* two years y a ecretar#at here #* ccra fu*ct#o*#*$ u*'er the ae$#s of theGha*a ca'emy of c#e*ces; !h#s ecretar#at has *ot ee* co*te*t to work #* #solat#o*I #thas ee* co*t#*ually act#e #* estal#sh#*$ co*tacts w#th scholars a*' #*st#tut#o*sthrou$hout fr#ca a*' aroa'; mot#o* 'eclar#*$ Fthat all fr#ca* cou*tr#es shoul'co*tr#ute to the work of the ecretar#atF was u*a*#mously a'opte' at a +o*fere*ce o* theE*cyclopae'#a fr#ca*a atte*'e' y some1D0 perso*s from fr#ca a*' elsewhere #*,ecemer 192; oo* thereafter the ecretar#at u*'ertook the estal#shme*t of +o-operat#*$ +omm#ttees of scholars #* ar#ous fr#ca* cou*tr#es;

!he ecretary of the ecretar#at ,r;


18/22

co*t#*e*tal pol#t#cal u*#ty #* eeryth#*$ we 'o for fr#ca;


19/22

1ot!etal Go0ermet for 'fr!ca

Nkrumah was the mot#at#*$ force eh#*' the moeme*t for #*'epe*'e*ce of Gha*a the* "r#t#sh


20/22

t prese*t most of the #*'epe*'e*t fr#ca* states are mo#*$ #* '#rect#o*s wh#ch exposeus to the 'a*$ers of #mper#al#sm a*' *eocolo*#al#sm;


21/22

'epe*' upo* pol#t#cal u*#ty;

*'er a maor pol#t#cal u*#o* of fr#ca there coul' emer$e a *#te' fr#ca $reat a*'powerful #* wh#ch the terr#tor#al ou'o#rs wh#ch are the rel#cs of colo*#al#sm w#ll ecomeosolete a*' superfluous work#*$ for the complete a*' total mo#l#3at#o* of the eco*om#cpla**#*$ or$a*#3at#o* u*'er a u*#f#e' pol#t#cal '#rect#o*; !he forces that u*#te us are far

$reater tha* the '#ff#cult#es that '##'e us at prese*t a*' our $oal must e theestal#shme*t of fr#ca8s '#$*#ty pro$ress a*' prosper#ty;

4 5ome6 4 p6 4 Kwame Nkrumah Gallery 6 4 Nkrumah8s "#o$raphy 6 4 Excerpts from peeches 64 % peak of &ree'om 6 4 !he "#$ #x 6 4 +o*t#*e*tal Goer*me*t for fr#ca 6 4fr#ca*#sm a*' +ulture 6

4 .eet#*$ of E*cyclope'#a fr#ca*a 6 4 +o*sc#e*c#sm6
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22/22

1osc!ec!sm&Ph!losophy a$ "$eology for De/1olo!4at!o

+l#ck o* pa$es to #ew sample

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4 .eet#*$ of E*cyclope'#a fr#ca*a 6 4 +o*sc#e*c#sm 6
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