Dr Keith LovegroveHead – Solar Thermal, IT Power Group, http://www.itpau.com.au(with acknowledgements to Steve Edwards, Josh Jordan, Juergen Peterseim, Hugh Saddler, Jay Rutovitz, Muriel Watt, Joe Wyder)

Current industrial use

2

Temperature

Heating water / steam

Drying

Ovens

Chemical feedstock

Viable technology solutions

Biomass if a low cost suitable biomass resource is available convenient to the location.

Solar heating of water or steam at temperatures below approximately 250oC in areas of reasonable solar resources.

Hot sedimentary aquifers for low temperature (< 100oC) process heat where a resource exists nearby to the point of use

Heat pumps for < 100oC if $/MWh(electricity) less than 30 times $GJ (gas)

Non renewable resources such as coal, mine waste gas, other waste etc, ( each with their own issues.)

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Altmark biomethane plant in Germany 1,650m3 biogas per hour from mixed feedstock

Examples

10MWth solar thermal trough array for 250°C, at a copper mine in the Atacama Desert Chile.

De Bortoli winery Griffith NSW,100 x 30 tube collectors to deliver 12,000L of water per day, at 95°C

8 MWth boiler using grape spent grape marc at Australian Tartaric site in Victoria

Costs for biomass: Capital + Fuel

Capital cost has strong dependence on size

Almost independent of technology or temperature of use

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Resource Indicative cost per GJ

Animal wastes, sewage sludge, landfill gas

Generally zero, and may be negative if disposal costs are avoided

Wood process residues, bagasse etc. used on site

$0 - 0.20/GJ (1)

Short cycle crops (such as oil mallee)

$5-7/GJ near term, $3/GJ mature industry (1)

Wood pellets $12/GJ ex plant (2), add $0.3/GJ up to 15km, $0.8/ GJ up to 70km (1)

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.00

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000f(x) = 2332866.9340843 x -̂0.289896618785939R² = 0.998074897195382

Process Heat Plant Specific Cost

Process heat demand, MWth

Spec

ific

plan

t cos

t, A

U$/

MW

th

Boilers or gasifiers

Digestors

Fuel not universally available

Cost ranges from zero upward

Prospective Opportunities for Bioenergy

Locations where: There is access to a low cost bioenergy supply eg a waste stream close by

Solar energy or other renewable options are not as prospective

Prospective industries include: Food and beverage manufacturing

Meat processing

Pulp and paper manufacturing

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Costs for solar thermal: Capital only, depends on temperature & size

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Assumptions:7.5% on 60% debt, 10% on equity, 15 year depreciation, 20yrs life…

Prospective opportunities for Solar Thermal

Industries where:

Gas is used for low to medium temperature applications (50 – 500oC)

Locations where: Appropriate waste streams are not readily available or biomass transportation

and storage costs are prohibitive

There is a large amount of solar radiation

Land (including roof space) is available at low or no cost

Prospective industries might therefore include: Food & beverage

Dairy

Minerals and resource processing

Meat processing, abattoirs

Chemicals manufacturing

Fertiliser manufacturing

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Thank for your attention

For more information,

http://arena.gov.au/resources/renewable-energy-options-for-australian-industrial-gas-users/

Keith.Lovegrove@itpau.com.au