Dr. John Tunna - Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) - A USA Perspective
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Transcript of Dr. John Tunna - Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) - A USA Perspective
Rail Safety, Rulemaking and Enforcement
JOHN TUNNA Director
Office of Research and Development Office of Railroad Policy and Development
Content
• Who is the Federal Railroad Administra;on? • How the FRA captures na;onal rail safety data and uses it to improve safety
• FRA’s approach to managing risk in the U.S. railroad industry
• FRA’s approach to applying science and engineering to improve safety
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Who We Are The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) enables the safe, reliable, and efficient movement of people and goods for a strong America, now and in the future.
• Safety is our number one priority • We are laying a foundation for higher performing rail • Promulgating and enforcing rail safety regulations • Investing in America’s Rail corridors • Facilitating and conducting research
and technology development
RAIL– Moving America Forward
U.S. Railroad Accident History • Con;nuous safety improvement during a period of growth in freight and passenger traffic
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Railroad Accident Incident ReporDng System (RAIRS)
• Railroad opera;onal data – Total train miles, passenger miles,
employee hours
• Railroad casualty database – Fatali;es, injuries, occupa;onal illnesses – Employees, contractors, passengers, trespassers, non-‐trespassers
• Reportable railroad accidents – Derailments, collisions, etc. – Threshold: $9,900 in property damage (2013)
• Highway-‐rail grade crossing accidents -‐ ALL
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Grade Crossing Inventory System (GCIS)
• Inventory of the Na;on’s highway-‐rail grade crossings – Crossing characteris;cs – Historical informa;on – Accident history – Railroad and State repor;ng – GX32: free so[ware for railroad and State use
– Risk formulas – Historically voluntary repor;ng – Rule to require updates every 3 years
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Railroad InspecDon ReporDng System (RIRS) • Railroad Inspec;on System for the Personal Computer (RISPC) – Secure site – Inspec;on reports – Viola;on reports (railroad defects and viola;ons)
• Serves as FRA’s compliance monitor for the industry
• Informs the Na;onal Inspec;on Plan
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§ 20156. Railroad safety risk reducDon program (1) PROGRAM REQUIREMENT.— ... the Secretary of Transporta;on . . . shall require each railroad carrier ... ‘‘(A) to develop a railroad safety risk reduc;on program under subsec;on (d) that systemaDcally evaluates railroad safety risks on its system and manages those risks . . . (2) RELIANCE ON PILOT PROGRAM.—The Secretary may conduct behavior-‐based safety and other research, including pilot programs, before promulga;ng regula;ons under this subsec;on and therea[er.
Risk ReducDon 110TH CONGRESS of the United States of America H.R. 2095 -‐ Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008
Regulatory and Non-‐regulatory Approaches
RegulaDons
• Available at www.ecfr.gov Title 49 Transporta;on • Include civil penal;es for viola;ons
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NaDonal InspecDon Plan
• Based on an analysis of safety risk in each region
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Research Program Areas
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Tank Car Releases
Hazmat Tank Car Head Shield Research • Reducing the loss of hazardous material a[er accidents involved designing and tes;ng head shields
Early testing Head shield
From Research to Rulemaking
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• Ac;vity between 1970 and 1981 • FRA’s R&D agenda evolved to match FRA rulemaking priori;es • Connec&on:
• All relevant research reports were referenced in FRA rule making documents All FRA rule making documents referred to relevant research reports
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Num
ber o
f Acciden
ts
DOT-‐105, 112 and 114 Cars with Head Damage in Accidents and Losing Lading through Heads
Lading Losses
Number of Reports 1970: 1 1976: 2 1971: 5 1977: 0 1972: 1 1978: 2 1973: 4 1979: 0 1974: 3 1980: 2
1975: 16
Rulemaking 1974 Final Rule
HM-‐109
1977 Final Rule HM-‐144
1981 Final Rule HM-‐174
January 14, 2008 – Lawrence, IL Post-‐accident InspecDon
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79” high by 48” wide dent 10-11” average depth
No Release of Hazardous Materials – Ethylene Oxide
(PIH)
Improving Safety Culture
Non-‐regulatory Approaches
What is C3RS? • A close call is “an opportunity to
improve safety prac;ces in a situa;on or incident that has a poten;al for more serious consequences.”
• Railroad workers observe individual events and submit a confiden;al report
• Peer Review Teams (PRT) consis;ng of labor, management, and FRA analyze the groups of events, to iden;fy safety hazards and develop solu;ons to these threats.
• The pilot is a small-‐scale test of a close call repor;ng system for the railroad industry
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Example of Improvements
Safety Culture • Improvements in Safety
Culture have been seen • Based on interviews and the
Railroad Safety Culture Survey – Compared at start of C3RS
and midterm
Midterm Survey Results
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Significant Improvement
Managers Labor Labor-Management Relations ü ü Organizational Fairness During Change ü
Supervisor Fairness ü ü Supervisor-Employee Relationship ü Management Safety ü ü Raising Concerns with Supervisors ü Work Safety Priorities ü Helping Behavior ü Coworker Safety ü
Example of Railroad Impact
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-‐100% -‐90% -‐80% -‐70% -‐60% -‐50% -‐40% -‐30% -‐20% -‐10% 0%
Human Factor Derailments Excess Speed Reports Disciplinary Cases
31% ReducDon
48% ReducDon
90% ReducDon
Joint Bar InspecDon System
Derailment at Eunice, LA in May 2000 § 33 freight cars derailed; 15 contained hazardous materials resul;ng in explosions and a fire
§ ~3,500 people were evacuated from the area
§ Total damages exceeded $35 million
§ NTSB concluded that the cause of the accident was the failure of a set of rail joint bars that had remained in service with undetected and uncorrected defects
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Joint Bar InspecDon System ImplementaDon
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• Three Class 1 railroads own joint bar inspec;on systems
• two are deployed on full-‐size rail inspec;on vehicles
• one is installed on a hi-‐rail
• Maximum survey speed currently is 65 mph
• The system provides a joint bar inventory, measures rail gaps and detects cracks
CP-‐TEC63
Inspec&on Services
Rail Gap Measurement/Excep&on Detec&on
$250K
Joint Bar related accidents per year
Timeline
Joint Bar InspecDon System EvaluaDon
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Source: FRA Office of Safety *Par&al data available only
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
$75K $71K $193K $358K $348K $425K $2K
2001 Discussion about this task started
2004 Amtrak & UP Derailment 3rd Field Test
2005 Field Test at UP and CP Data CollecDon and System Dev
2006 Demo RSAC Final Rule Published
2000 UP RR Derailment in Eunice, LA
2007 Commercial Vehicle 1
2008 Commercial Vehicle 2 &3
2011 Commercial Vehicle 4
2003 1st and 2nd field test
FRA $ Commercial $ ? ? ? ?
Actual applica;on of the technology in its final form and under opera;onal condi;ons, such as those encountered in opera;onal test and evalua;on. In almost all cases, this is the end of the last “bug fixing” aspects of true system development.
Technology readiness level
FRA Total Funding: $1.3 M
Engineer-‐in-‐Charge Portable Remote Terminal
PosiDve Train Control Background The Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 requires certain freight and passenger railroads, by 2015, to deploy PTC. PTC must: • Prevent train to train
collisions • Prevent over speed
derailments • Prevent incursions into established work zones
• Prevent movement of a train through a switch le[ in the wrong posi;on
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Router
Dispatch System
PTC-‐Equipped Locomo;ve
Train Control System Office Equipment
Office Segment
EIC-‐PRT
Cellular Radio
Internet
WWAN Base Sta;on
VPN
SBD
Work Limits
Enters instrucDons Reads instrucDons to train crew Approves instrucDons
Train moves out of Work Limits TMC sends train out of work limits
Back Office Archives request and instrucDons
TMC displays locaDon of Work Limits ~3 miles out Crew acknowledges intenDon to enter Work Limits TMC enforces stop at Work Limits unDl EIC permission is received
TMC Sends request for EIC instrucDons
EIC-‐approved instrucDons
Back Office Voice CommunicaDon : Engineer requests entry and EIC gives instrucDons
TMC displays and enforces instrucDons
Track Bulle;n
NoDfies EIC of pending request
Back Office
Train Approaches Work Limits
Sends to PRT that has control
Train transiDons Work Limits TMC enforces EIC instrucDons
Portable Remote Terminal OperaDon
TMC: Train Management Computer SBD: Safe Braking Distance
Example: Proceed with Speed RestricDon and Stop
15.0 20.0
16.0 17.2
Timeline
Engineer-‐in-‐Charge Portable Remote Terminal Development
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2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
$350K $350K $350K $350K $350K $350K $750K
2005 Concept of Op & Sys Design started
2007 2nd sys demo
2008 Field Test at TTCI Office Server & Loco Simulator
2009 Sys IntegraDon into BNSF ETMS Sys
2004 Discussion about this task started
2010 Build 1 FuncDonality Development
2011 Build 2 Concept Document Review
2006 1st sys demo
FRA $
FRA Total Funding: $3.8 M
$100K $500K
Technology readiness level
$500K
2012 Build 2 tesDng & evaluaDon
2013 Build 3 Concept Document Review
2014
$500K
LocomoDve Engineer
Request EIC
instruc;ons
EIC
Read instruc;ons to crew
RAIL– Moving America Forward
Visit us at: www.fra.dot.gov