Dr Atta Ur Rahman - Higher Education
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Higher Education----Striving for Excellence !
Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS
Nishan-i-Imtiaz, Hilal-i-Imtiaz, Sitara-i-Imtiaz, Tamgha-i-Imtiaz
UNESCO Science Laureate
COORDINATOR GENERAL COMSTECH
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VISIONVISION
Socio-economic development is no longerdependent on natural resources (e.g. Japan,
European countries)
KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEThe main driving force of world economiesThe main driving force of world economies
The basis of socio-economic developmentThe basis of socio-economic development
INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATIONkey to high GDP growthkey to high GDP growth
INNOVATION DETERMINES PROGRESSINNOVATION DETERMINES PROGRESS
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Pakistan---An ExcitingPakistan---An Exciting
Beginning !!Beginning !!My appointment as Federal Minister ofMy appointment as Federal Minister of
Science & Technology(incl.IT/Telecom)Science & Technology(incl.IT/Telecom)
( March 2000) and Federal Minister-( March 2000) and Federal Minister-
Chairman Higher Education CommissionChairman Higher Education Commission
(2002-2008)(2002-2008)
6000% increase in budget of Science &6000% increase in budget of Science &
TechnologyTechnology
2400% increase in budget of higher2400% increase in budget of higher
education during last 4 yearseducation during last 4 years
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55
Key Challenges in HigherKey Challenges in Higher
EducationEducation
Financing Reforms
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66
HEC Plan of ActionHEC Plan of Action
Faculty DevelopmentFaculty Development
InfrastructureInfrastructure (Free Access to Literature(Free Access to LiteratureFree Access to Sophisticated Instruments,Free Access to Sophisticated Instruments,
Technology Assisted Learning)Technology Assisted Learning)
Focused Support in Key AreasFocused Support in Key Areas Linkages to the EconomyLinkages to the Economy
Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance
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77
Percentage of Education BudgetPercentage of Education Budget
Allocated to Higher EducationAllocated to Higher Education
11stst Five Year PlanFive Year Plan 31%31%
19851985 18.5%18.5%
19951995 13.2%13.2%20022002 10.4%10.4%
20082008 9.0%9.0%
Total Expenditure on Education (2008/2009):Total Expenditure on Education (2008/2009):Rs 280 bln-Rs 280 bln----Expenditure on Higher Edn:---Expenditure on Higher Edn:
Rs 27 blnRs 27 bln(9 %)---(9 %)---International Norms:30% OF MUCH HIGHERInternational Norms:30% OF MUCH HIGHER
GNPsGNPs
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Challenge: How do we attract our
brightest to Education/Research ?
Pakistan has 85 million below age 19(54% of population) !
Both a Challenge and an OpportunityBoth a Challenge and an Opportunity
It is the brightest among them who mustIt is the brightest among them who mustprovide the leadership in all fields---provide the leadership in all fields---
education, S&T, Governmenteducation, S&T, Government
HOW ??
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1)1) Excite young mindsabout the wondersabout the wonders
that science !that science !
2)2) Select and train the Brightest intop
universities abroad
3)3)Attract them back-
-- by creating an-- by creating an
enabling environment :enabling environment :
Salaries
Research Funding Access to Literature/ Instrumentation
Critical Masscreate clusters !
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Attracting the BrightestAttracting the Brightest !!
Change in Salary Structures/BenefitsUnder new Tenure Track system salaries of
Professors raised to over US $ 5,000 permonth(equal to US$ 7,000 per month after tax
concessions)---several times more than FederalMinisters in Government!
Performance based systemPerformance based system
75% Tax waiver for University Teachers
(maximum 5%)
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Reversing the Brain Drain !
UnderUnderForeign Faculty Hiring Program
over 600 eminent scientists andover 600 eminent scientists and
educationists have been attracted back---educationists have been attracted back---
after living most of their lives in the Westafter living most of their lives in the West
Clustering---45 mathematicians, mostly---45 mathematicians, mostly
from Eastern Europe, all clustered in onefrom Eastern Europe, all clustered in one
institution---Govt. College/Univ., Lahoreinstitution---Govt. College/Univ., Lahore
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Training the BrightestTraining the Brightest!!Massive Foreign scholarship programs Nearly 4,000 awarded to date (Mostly for Europe)Nearly 4,000 awarded to date (Mostly for Europe)
Worlds largest Fulbright Scholarship program forWorlds largest Fulbright Scholarship program for
the USthe US
Over Rs 40 Billion being spent onForeign Scholarships (1500 in IT)
Indigenous PhD programsOver 7,000 awarded to dateOver 7,000 awarded to date
Strict quality criteria for PhD Studies introducedStrict quality criteria for PhD Studies introduced
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Training the Brightest!Training the Brightest!
MassiveMassivepostdoctoral trainingprogramprogram
launched for all local PhD.slaunched for all local PhD.s
ALL local PhD students now haveALL local PhD students now have
opportunities to study abroad onopportunities to study abroad on sandwich
PhD programs
Linkages established with top Westernestablished with top Western
Institutions --- 50 with British Universities,Institutions --- 50 with British Universities,
many othersmany others
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1414
Gross Tertiary Enrolment RatioGross Tertiary Enrolment Ratio
in Selected Countriesin Selected Countries
4.1
7
12
41
68
74
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Pakistan
India
MalaysiaIsrael
Korea
Finland
Percentage
Council of Higher Education, Turkey-Web Site
Pakistan Target 8%
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Are there Students ?Are there Students ?
1515
Student pass HSC exam and univ intake (000),
2005-2015
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
HSC pass
univ intake
Source: WB HE Assessment Report (2006)
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16
Faculty in Public sectorFaculty in Public sector
UniversitiesUniversities
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17
Distribution of Approved Project CostDistribution of Approved Project Cost
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A Focus on QualityA Focus on Quality
AssuranceAssurance
Four Year Undergraduate programFour Year Undergraduate program
Quality Assurance StructureQuality Assurance Structure
Defining QA Procedures / StandardsDefining QA Procedures / Standards
Eligibility Criteria for Appointments ofEligibility Criteria for Appointments of
Faculty M.Phil/PhD DegreesFaculty M.Phil/PhD Degrees
1818
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Categorization of PrivateCategorization of Private
Universities / DAIsUniversities / DAIs
Category Position afterfirst inspection
Present Position Improvement from Firstinspection
Category W 11 25 14
Category X 18 26 08
Category Y 11 02 - 09
Category Z 13 04 - 09
Total 53 57
(four new universitieswere established duringtime)
g er uca on e
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g er uca on ePortal
200,000 hits per day
20
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Using Technology to Leap-Frog!
Pakistan Educational Research Network
Digital Library Program
PAKSAT 1 (Pakistans Educational
Satellite)
Pakistans International Video-
conferencing Network
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822 cities on the Internet
2002
Iran
Afghanistan
India
China
From 40 to 1,000
Cities on Optical
Fibre (2000-2005)SDH/PDH(525/622 Mb/s)
backbone being
upgraded to
DWDM
10 Gb/s
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Internet user growth
Internet users
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Jan-95
Jan-96
Jan-97
Jan-98
Jan-99
Jan-00
Jan-01
Jan-02
Internet users
StartpointToday
June 2000:130,000 Oct 2006: >12 million
Actual users
more than 12
Million!
Dial up
Pl i
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Plummeting costs.
Cost /E1
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
Mar-0
0
May-0
0Jul-0
0
Sep-00
Nov-0
0
Jan-01
Mar-0
1
May-0
1
US
$Cost /E1
Startpoint
Today
June 2000:US$ 87,000/E1 August 2001:US$ 6,000
October 2004 : US$ 3,800Now US$ 950 per month/2 Mb/s !
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Bandwidth Available
Operative Data bandwidth
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
Jan-96
Jul-9
6
Jan-97
Jul-9
7
Jan-98
Jul-9
8
Jan-99
Jul-9
9
Jan-00
Jul-0
0
Jan-01
Jul-0
1
Jan-02
Mb/s Operative Data bandwidth
today
Startpoint
August 2000:32 Mb/s Mar 2002:265 Mb/s
2006: 10 Gb/s Loops
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Communications Network---the
Effect of one Good Decision!
1992-2000, little Growth(300,000 phones)
2001,CPP regimebrought in
Network expansion of 3 million phone-lines ordered in 2002 ! Mobilink, U-fone
Explosive growth continues till today (over
80 million phones todayhottest sector ofthe economy)
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PERNPakistan Education & Research Network
Jamshoro
TandojamNawab Shah
D.I.Khan
Topi
Khairpur
Khuzdar
Abbottabad
E3Backb
one
E3Backb
one
Core Network Nodes 03
Total Universities 56(16 OFS, 22 DXX,
17 DRS, 1 VSAT)
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Digital Library
25,000 full text journalsnation-wide,free-of-
charge!!!
Over 1.2 million articles downloaded in 2006 !
Almost 300,000 end users trained nationwide
One Window Search Engine developed with
Lund University
Web of Science, Scifinder Scholar, EMBASE,
IEEE, Chem/Biol.Abstracts etc.
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Digital Library
PakistansPakistans National E-Books Programlaunched in September 2007launched in September 2007
Provides free nation-wide access to over40,000 text books and monographs
OverOver220 international publishers220 international publishers
Down-loadable and key word-searchableDown-loadable and key word-searchable
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Paksat 1
Ku Band
C-Band
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Virtual University
4 Digital Satellite (PAKSAT-1) TV
Channels for content delivery (License
for 2 granted)
Satellite Earth Station
2 Recording Studios
Potential for providing high qualitytraining in remote areas of Pakistan
I i l Vid l i
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International Video-lecturingProgram / Distance Learning
High quality video-conferencingequipment installed
Series of international lectures (nation-
wide) by top professors from leadinguniversities in USA, Europe, Japan etc.from November 2006
Many Lectures arranged !!!MIT Mirror Website for access to Open
Source materials established (
http://mitocw.pern.edu.pkhttp://mitocw.pern.edu.pk))
http://mitocw.pern.edu.pk/http://mitocw.pern.edu.pk/http://mitocw.pern.edu.pk/ -
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Establishment of NewEngineering, Science &
Technology Universities(UESTP)
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Partner Countries
Phase 1:
GermanyAustria ItalyChina
Phase 2FranceSwedenSouth Korea Japan
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Glowing International
Reviews---A Silent RevolutionWorld BankWorld Bank
USAIDUSAID
British CouncilBritish Council
NatureNature--27--27thth November 2007---- TheNovember 2007---- The
Paradox of PakistanParadox of Pakistan NatureNature --28--28thth August 2008--- AfterAugust 2008--- After
MusharrafMusharraf
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ResultsResults
600% in ISI abstracted publications and600% in ISI abstracted publications and1000% increase in citations over last 41000% increase in citations over last 4
yearsyears
Young men and women have startedYoung men and women have started
opting to adopt careers in S&T subjectsopting to adopt careers in S&T subjects
as first choiceas first choice
Landscape of Universities has begun toLandscape of Universities has begun to
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01000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2001 2003 2005 2007 2008
Publications
Publication
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Investment in HRD Pays Back aInvestment in HRD Pays Back a
Million fold !Million fold !
12 Students trained under our scholarship program12 Students trained under our scholarship program
formed an IT company in Islamabadformed an IT company in Islamabad
------won a contract of US $ 250 million (Rs 20won a contract of US $ 250 million (Rs 20
billion)billion) in competition to major internationalin competition to major internationalcompaniescompanies
Innovation determines Progress----but you mustInnovation determines Progress----but you mustcreate and nurture the Innovation Workers !create and nurture the Innovation Workers !
Sow the seeds today---the fruits will come 10 -15Sow the seeds today---the fruits will come 10 -15
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NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROMETERS
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A GROUP OF GERMAN STUDENTS
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