Dr. ANAND SRINIVASAN

Contraction for

Locomotion and skeletal movement

Skeletal muscle Striated and voluntary

Cardiac muscle striated and involuntary

Smooth muscle non striated and involuntary

Muscle cells are elongated or tubular.

They have multiple nuclei

Nuclei flat & located on periphery of the cell.

Skeletal muscle is striated. i.e. it has an alternating pattern of light and

darks bands.

The cells are not as long as skeletal muscles cells

Often are branched cells.

Nuclei are located centrally in the cell.

Cardiac muscle is also striated.

Cardiac muscle contains intercalated discs.

Smooth muscle cell are spindle shaped.

They have a single centrally located nucleus.

They do not have visible striations

24 year old

Base ball bowler

Where is the problem????

Site where two or more bones articulate or come together

Linked by fibrous material

No movement – “Immovable joint”

Tooth attached to mandible by Periodontal

ligament

Tibia and Fibula attached by interosseous membrane

Formed by fibrocartilage

Acts as a shock absorber

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES Articular or hyaline cartilage Capsule Synovial membrane Synovial fluid

OTHER Fat pads or bursa Menisci Ligaments

One bone is ball shaped and articulates with cup shaped other bone

E.g. ShoulderHip

Like hinge on a door

Example : Elbow Knee Ankle Interphalangeal

Articular surfaces flat

E.g. Between carpal & tarsal bones

Example : Dens of axis

rotating over Atlas

Example : Temporomandibular

joint

Metacarpophalayngeal joint

Like a man sitting on a saddle

E.g.Trapezium & 1st Metacarpal

Anatomy & Physiology – Ross and Wilson