Dr Alexandra Kruse – Internat. Symp. Protecting Agricultural Landscapes, Wolfsville 17-18 April...

Dr Alexandra Kruse – Internat. Symp. Protecting Agricultural Landscapes, Wolfsville 17-18 April 2010 1

Agricultural landscapes as UNESCO World Heritage – Background, recent developments, strategies

Dr Alexandra Kruse

International Sites and Monuments Day Agricultural Heritage

International Symposium on the Protection of Agricultural Heritage

K.C. Irving Centre, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia


ContentContent

• Background• Analysis - recent developements • Global Strategies• AL as CL and value of CL• Management


Background


BackgroundBackground

UNESCO World Heritage Convention: 1972, Paris• 2 Categories: Nature and Culture• Cultural Landscapes (CL) since 1992, culture sites• April 2009: 186 States Parties have ratified the World

Heritage Convention. • 2009: 890 properties on the list. 689 cultural, 176 natural

and 25 mixed properties in 148 States Parties.• Canada 15 sites (9 nature, 6 culture)


The World Heritage List - CanadaThe World Heritage List - Canada

15 Sites9 Nature6 Culture2 Transboundary0 Cultural Landscapes


Analysis - recent developements


OUV: Cultural Landscapes as a linkOUV: Cultural Landscapes as a link

• UNESCO World Heritage shall be of outstanding universal value (OUV), fullfilling the conditions of Integrety, authencity (culture)

• “The requirement of outstanding universal value characterising cultural and natural heritage should be interpreted as an outstanding response to issues of universal nature common to or addressed by all human cultures. In relation to natural heritage, such issues are seen in bio-geographical diversity; in relation to culture in human creativity and resulting cultural diversity.” (ICOMOS)


OUV – Well-known examplesOUV – Well-known examples


Analysis - recent developementsAnalysis - recent developements

The list is not balanced• Over representation of cultural sites• „Eurozentrismus“• Thematical and regional unbalanced

• Cairns decision / China • Gap analysis


Eurozentrismus and overrepresentation of Eurozentrismus and overrepresentation of cultureculture

(based on BfN 2007)

World North America Europe

WHL TL WHL TL WHL TL

N 162 292 15 33 34 90

M 24 175 0 4 9 53

C 644 904 13 47 344 316

Total 830 1371 28 84 387 459


Global Strategies


ICOMOS Gap-Analysis 1987-1993: EuropeICOMOS Gap-Analysis 1987-1993: Europe

• Overrepresented: – historic towns and religious monuments, Christianity, historical

periods and ‘elitist’ architecture (in relation to vernacular)• Underrepresentated:

– living cultures, and especially ‘traditional cultures’• Reasons:

– structural – relating to the World Heritage nomination process, and to managing and protecting cultural properties;

– qualitative – relating to the way properties are identified, assessed and evaluated.


IUCN-Gap-AnalysisIUCN-Gap-Analysis

• Natural and mixedsites currently inscribed on the World Heritage List cover almost all regions and habitats of the world witha relatively balanced distribution.

• Major gaps for natural areas such as:– tropical/temperate grasslands, savannas,– lake systems, tundra and polar systems, – cold winter deserts.


Global Strategy: The State PartiesGlobal Strategy: The State Parties

Strategic objective: strengthen the credibility of the World Heritage list, therefore state parties shall:

• be encouraged to become member• modernise their national inventories• conducte information management activities

(digitisation, information systems and databases) • consider better ICOMOS and IUCN studies and results of

‘gap’ analyses • realise broad participation in meetings on international

and national level on the identification of natural and cultural heritage


Global Strategy: The categoriesGlobal Strategy: The categories

• Enhance the underrepresented categories of sites and improve geographical coverage

• Promotion of new categories: – cultural landscapes – itineraries– industrial heritage– deserts– coastal-marine and small-island sites and – transnational nominations


Global Strategies: WH sitesGlobal Strategies: WH sites

WH-sites shall • be of OUV – comparative world wide analysis!• fullfill the conditions of integrity and authencity

(culture)• be of balanced regional representation• less nominations – improved quality• consider periodic reporting (every 6 years)Attention: Not all is new, but more important by

now


Recommendations – Global Strategy (Cairns Recommendations – Global Strategy (Cairns 2000)2000)

The advisory bodies should take into account in their analyses:

• The diversity and particularities of natural and cultural heritage in each region,

• The results of regional Periodic Reporting, and• of the regional and thematic meetings on Tentative Lists

(1984) and Global Strategy (since 1994)• Limited number of proposals / year• If more: preference to underrepresented topics or

geographical regions, incl. nature and transnational nominations or those from countries without site


Agrcultural Landscapes (AL) as Cultural Landscapes (CL)

and their value as Cultural Landscapes

(arguments/ ideas for the dossier)


CL (68) on the WH-ListCL (68) on the WH-List

There are not many AL on the list (by A. Kruse, based on WHC-homepage)

Theme No. Theme No.Wine 6 Transhumance (mount.) 2Pastoralism (plain) 2 Coast / Terraces 3Polder 3 Other AL systems 11Archaeology 9 Associative landsc. 12(Trade)Routes 2 Mining 3Religious monuments 2 Garden landsc. 5Scenic landsc. 2 Railways 1Industry 1 Relict landsc. 1Others 6 in Total (* 5, # 1) 71


Why AL as CL as WHS?Why AL as CL as WHS?

• Conservation of natural and semi-natural systems, + wild species

• Conservation of biodiversity within farming systems• Sustainable land use• Enhancement of scenic beauty• Ex-situ collections• Outstanding examples of humanity’s inter-relationship

with nature: Protected areas based on the interactions of people and nature over time

• Historically significant discoveries


Recommendations: ICOMOS Filling the GapsRecommendations: ICOMOS Filling the Gaps

High potentials to fill gaps in representationThe following themes should be undertaken in a holistic way,

reflecting tangible as well as intangible qualities• Human co-existence with the land

– Movement of peoples (nomadism, migration)– Settlement– Modes of subsistence– Technological evolution

• Human beings in society– Human interaction– Cultural coexistence– Spirituality and creative expression.


Management


Managementplan Ex.: Carpathian Beech ForestManagementplan Ex.: Carpathian Beech Forest

Background:• UA-SL WH-Site since 2007:

10 component parts• Extension Nomination

by Germany in 2010 with 5 component parts, 4 Bundesländer

• National parks andBiosphere Reserves

• Different languages• Different laws



• Germany• Federal structure• Different laws• NLP and BRS• Elections• etc.



Co-operation of the German Component parts (by B. Paulowitz)



• Co-operation of the tri-national site (by B. Paulowitz)



• Tri-national Management (by B. Paulowitz)


Already won!Already won!

• Awareness among the administrational bodies– on uniqueness and importance of their places– on problems and to dos

• Discussion and cooperation process– among the other component parts– with stakeholders

• Cooperation in management and in problems / plans!

• Awareness and valuation of their places• National and international exchange• International audience and pos.

recognition (IUCN NLP)


Thank you for your attention!

contact:Dr Alexandra [email protected]


Photo RecordPhoto Record

• Footer– Grand Pré: invitation to symposium; – Philipines: Rice terraces; Italy: Cinque Terre; Mexico: Agave

landscape; Nigeria: Sikur Cult. L; France: Loire; Beemster Polder– All others taken from WHC-Homepage: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list

• WH-Sites Canada: – ttp://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?

search=canada&searchSites=&search_by_country=&search_yearinscribed=&type=&themes=&media=&region=&criteria_restrication=&order=

• Beechforests– photos: Alexandra Kruse & Helmut Kruckenberg– figures: Bernd Paulowitz


Photo RecordPhoto Record

• OUV-Examples– Egypt: Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from

Giza to Dahshur: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/86– Pisa: Tower and Cathedral: Wikipedia [08/04/2010]– Australia: Great Barrier Reef http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/154– Mexico: Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche,

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1061/gallery/– China: The Great Wall, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438– Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks,

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/304


SourcesSources

• BfN: Workshop Report Harmonisation of Tentative Lists in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe Vilm, May 9th – 13th, 2007 Andrea Burmester, Barbara Engels, Pierre Galland; Germany

• UNESCO WHC (2008): World Heritage Information Kit, Paris• Anne Lemaistre, Chief of the Statutory and Policy Unit World Heritage Centre/UNESCO: PERIODIC REPORTING

Orientation Cours; 17th Assembly, event 614-7• Georgina Peard Mixed Sites and Cultural Landscape nominations, Vilm, 26 November 2005• (WHC-98/CON F.201/INF.9). (ICOMOS p. 22f) (slide: OUV, ca. 4)• Final Report Beech Forest Management plan A. Kruse 2009• Nominations Dossier Beech Forest German Extension Jan. 2010• Periodic Reporting and Action Plan, Europe 2005 2006, World Heritage report # 20, 2007, see also: ‐

http://whc.unesco.org/ • Gap Analysis ICOMOS• Gap analysis IUCN

Dr Alexandra Kruse – Internat. Symp. Protecting Agricultural Landscapes, Wolfsville 17-18 April...

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