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Physics and Medical Applications

Dr. Abdulla Sarhan (PhD)

Quick Notes:1. Name2. Subject outline, slides, notes andbooklet3. Classes, number, office hours, and rules.4. Assessment (30+70) multiple choices5. Attendance and Attendance …..- Language7. Background

CourseOutline• Introduction• MeasurementsandUnits• ElectricalPhenomenaIntheBody• Fluids• Haemodynamics• WavesandSounds• OpticsandVision• EnergyandMetabolism• RadiationPhysics• IdealGasLaw,andRespiration

Whatistherelationbetweenmedicineisphysics?

• Diagnosis:measurementsofvitalsigns(pressure,imaging,temperature,velocity,ultrasound,weight,concertrations,sounds,Pathologyofdiseases,……….etc)

• Treatment:Chemical,physical,orbiological.(Devices,surgeries,medicineinteraction,biomechanical,……everything)

Biological systems

Def.:Abiologicalsystemisanaggregateofelementswithcertaininteractionsamongthem

Description:

i.“Microphysical”,“Reductionist” – stochastic,molecular;ii.“Macrophysical”,“Integration” – deterministic,phenomenological

States:

i.“Equilibrium” – e.g.,bloodflowintheabdominalaortaii.“Nonequilibrium” – e.g.,bloodflowintheascendingaorta

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Systems biology and medicineＲｙｔｈｍｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｂｏｄｙ

Humanbody

Genome, proteome

Bonding, interactions

Cellular structure

Cellular metabolism

Tissue architecture

Bone marrow and structure

Organ function

Rhythm

System interactions

Vital functions:

Starting with heart beat

Biophysical approachThere are no first laws of biology, but there are physical laws

Biology

Quantitative data

Model (Physical)

Emergent insight

What are the approaches

In vitro, in vivo and Ex vivo

Properties of Models

• Descriptive

• Integrative

• Predictive

eg describing cell function

Horizontal integration, eg components of cell metabolismVertical integration, eg cells-tissue-organs

Explanatory, eg drug simulation and discovery

Medicine starts from atomic and molecular levelsExamples: Drug-Receptor Interaction

The Coulomb force in required for docking of the drug at the active site

Proteins

Vital sign ?Example - Modeling the heart

The beating heartCell and tissue electophysiology

Anatomy

Heart chambers and valves ..

atriums

Ventricles

Tissue structure

Coronary energetics and metabolism

Mechanics

Example – Why modeling the heart ?

n Howcanacomputationalmodelcomplementexperimentalwork?n Whataretheadvantagesandlimitationsofamodelingapproach?

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Cancer

Ischaemic heartdiseaseCerebrovasculardiseaseNon malignantrespiratory diseaseAccidents

Other

MortalitystatisticsinEngland

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WhyWhat is ventricular fibrillation?

ImagingStandard CT (computerized tomography) View

X-rays

Application

Howdoweapplymodellingresults?

Whatcanwedowiththemodel?n Bifurcation- whichparameterchangesunderliechangesinmodelbehavior?n Simulateeffectsofdrugsand/orpathologyn Designnewstimulusprotocols

The HeartOpaque ‘Vitrea’ 2 Rendering