ACIAacia.wdfiles.com/local--files/ac:downloads/ACIA... · 2012. 9. 17. · of commons among the...

ACIA International Workshop on

Asia and Commons in the Information Age

資訊時代之亞洲與公眾創用國際研討會

Opening Statement .........................................................................................................................1

Program .........................................................................................................................................3

Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... 10

Speakers ...................................................................................................................................... 59

Concert: CC Asia Mega Mix! ....................................................................................................... 61

About ACIA................................................................................................................................. 63

開幕致詞 ....................................................................................................................................... 1

議程表 ........................................................................................................................................... 3

演講摘要 ..................................................................................................................................... 10

講者 ............................................................................................................................................. 59

音樂派對：嘻嘻亞洲大車拼 ...................................................................................................... 61

關於 ACIA ................................................................................................................................. 63

International Workshop on Asia and Commons in the Information Age Page 1

Opening Statement 開幕致詞

Ts'ui-jung Liu, Vice President, Academia Sinica

劉翠溶中央研究院副院長

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,

Good Morning! It is my great honor, on behalf of Academia Sinica and Taiwan

E-Learning and Digital Archives Program (TELDAP), to welcome all of you to participate in

this International Workshop on Asia and Commons in the Information Age. I am particularly

pleased to be here to express my appreciation of the on-going collaborations on the research

of commons among the Asia Pacific countries and the broader international communities.

The topic of the ACIA workshop, ―Asia and Commons in the Information Age‖, sends

out a clear message the importance of commons in Asia in the information age. It is indeed a

great challenge for us. It is a challenge to our understanding of the interpretations of

commons and their implications, to formulate Asia Pacific perspectives on the issues

involved, and to work closely and effectively on what we have and share now, so as to enrich

and to share further the new understandings we would find.

Nothing could illustrate our sense of sharing the same purposes more than this gathering.

The participants of this conference include academic members, industry and business leaders,

as well as honorable practitioners and volunteers – this sense of shared values and purposes

will be our sources of strength and inspiration as we join hands to meet new and subtle

challenges. I am confident, that the discussions and deliberations of this workshop will be an

important contribution to the awareness of this domain.

Many distinguished speakers will deliver their visions of the commons and share their

experiences. I am sure all of you will participate in discussions and dialogues with different

points of view from diverse backgrounds. From my reading of the workshop proceedings, I

understand that there will be discussions on technology, law, culture, and the practice of and

about commons. You will certainly raise many questions that cannot be satisfied with simple

answers. I believe, however, the questions themselves will help in mapping up the landscape

of this domain, and give reasons for more research and collaboration.

Before I close, allow me to thank the distinguished speakers for sharing with us their

thoughts and experiences. I believe this workshop would be a great success. And I hope more

partnerships would be built with the aim of increasing research collaboration in the Asia

Pacific. I thank you all for providing the world with your insights into Asia and commons,

and the important roles they play in this information age. Thank you for being here. I wish

you a most enjoyable and fruitful workshop. For friends coming far away from abroad, I

wish you have a very pleasant stay in Taipei.


各位與會佳賓，各位女士、先生：

大家早安! 本人很榮幸在此代表中央研究院與數位典藏與數位學習國家型科技計

畫，歡迎各位出席今天在台北舉行的「資訊時代之亞洲與公眾創用」國際研討會。非常

高興看到在這次研討會，來自亞太地區國家及國際社群團體，共聚一堂，來為促進公眾

創用相關議題的研究與合作，共同努力。在此謹表示我的敬意。

此次研討會的主題「資訊時代之亞洲與公眾創用」，傳遞了在資訊時代中亞洲以及公

眾創用的重要性。實際上這也同時代表了我們所必頇面臨的挑戰：一個必頇面對公眾創

用的眾多闡釋及其影響的挑戰、一個從亞太觀點論述公眾創用眾多議題的挑戰、以及一

個能持續將我們現有的理解與資源作有效的運用，並以之作為持續創造、豐富、以及持

續分享新資源與理解的挑戰。

而這樣的分享理念也正是此次聚會的主要目的。這次與會的嘉賓包括了學術界成

員、實業界的領袖、以及令人敬佩的實踐者與自願工作夥伴們 — 各位共有的價值與目

的，將是我們在面臨新挑戰時的力量泉源，也將會賦予大家靈感與激勵，進而能攜手共

同向前邁進。我相信今明兩日的討論與協議，將是我們面臨這些挑戰時，凝聚力量與行

動的依據。

在這兩天的會議中，諸位卓越的講者將清晰地闡述他們對於公眾創用的觀點。我也

希望不同背景的與會嘉賓，能熱烈參與討論。由大會手冊的資訊，我們知道這次研討會

包含了公眾創用在技術、法律、文化、以及案例研究上等多面向的議題。無疑的諸位將

會提出許多問題，而這些問題可能沒有簡單的答案。我相信這些問題本身，描繪了這個

複雜領域的諸多面貌，也將是促使我們進一步研究與協力合作的緣由。

最後，感謝各位講述者分享你們的專業的知識與經驗，並祝研討會圓滿成功。我們

誠摯希望亞太地區將有更多的參與者，投入公眾創用的研究工作、協力合作。這次會議

就亞洲與公眾創用議題，分享觀點，讓世人更加瞭解這些議題在資訊時代中的重要性，

本人謹再次表示敬意。謝謝各位的熱情參與，也預祝大家能有一個愉悅有收穫的研討

會。對於遠道而來的外國朋友，祝福你們在台北的幾天時間，一切順心愉快。謝謝！


Program

Jan 18 (Fri)

4:30 pm - 6:30 pm: Reception for all workshop participants.

Venue: Lounge & Cafe, Academic Activities Center, Academia Sinica.

Jan. 19 (Sat.)

Venue: The Second Conference Room, Building for Humanities and Social Science, Academia

Sinica.

09:00-09:30 Registration

09:30-09:40 Opening

Ts'ui-jung Liu (Academia Sinica)

09:40-10:20

Keynote — Solutions to the copyright crisis William W. Fisher (Harvard Law School)

Chair: Der Tsai Lee (Academia Sinica)

10:20-10:35 Break

10:35-11:50

Tools for creativity, collaboration, and communication Chair: Mike Linksvayer (Cerative Commons)

The making of a totally open phone

San Moss-Pultz (OpenMoko)

Asus Eee PC ecosystem enabling – for open source & open content

Ellis Wang (Asus)

Sony eyeVio – User generated media meets Creative Commons

Takeshi Honma (Sony)

Making Creative Commons Common in Asia: Effectively scaling

Creative Commons community and business development strategies

internationally in 2008

Jon Phillips (Creative Commons)

Jamming with Machines: Collaborating on music with technology and

through technology

Jean Marais (MoShang.net)

11:50-12:00 Break

12:00-12:30

Content, community, and commerce (panel) Moderator: Mike Linksvayer (Cerative Commons)

Panelists: Takeshi Honma (Sony), Jean Marais (MoShang.net), Sean Moss-Pultz (OpenMoko), Jon Phillips (Creative Commons), Ellis Wang (Asus).

12:30-14:00 Lunch


14:00-15:15

Authorship, copyrights, and public licensing (panel) Moderator: Ching-Yi Liu (National Taiwan University)

To Surpass or to conform – What do we want public licenses for?

Shun-ling Chen (Harvard Law School)

Playing well with others: Increasing compatibility between commons

licenses

Jessica Coates (Queensland University of Technology)

Authorship in the commons: Should rights exist in freedom?

Alina Ng (Mississippi College School of Law)

Managing copyright in a digital world

Chunyan Wang (Law School of Renmin University of China)

15:15-15:30 Break

15:30-16:45

Commons: Cultural Perspectives from Asia (panel) Moderator: Leticia Fang (National Chengchi University)

Remarks on the cultural implications of “Creative Commons” in a

Chinese context

Jo-shui Chen (National Taiwan University)

How does an Asian Commons mean

Lawrence Liang (Alternative Law Forum)

From “Pubic” to “Social”: The origins of partisan culture in Taiwan

Ding Tzann Lii (National Tsing-hua University)

Some reflective thoughts on the privatization of knowledge from the

perspective of an Asian educator

Shiaw-shin Lin (Hungkuang University)

16:45-17:00 Break

17:00-17:10 Special Announcement on iSummit 2008 at Sapporo

Mika Sato and Toshiyuki Iida (Sapporo Municipal Government)

17:10-17:40

Closing Seminar — From res nullius to res communis – The changing phases of property Chu-Cheng Huang (National Tsing-hua University)

Chair: Tyng-Ruey Chuang (Academia Sinica)

17:40-19:00 Evening Break

19:00-21:00 Dinner at Leader Hotel

21:00-00:00 Concert at Riverside Cafe


Jan. 20 (Sun.) Venue: The Second Conference Room, Building for Humanities and Social Science, Academia

Sinica.

09:30-09:50

Kick-off — Free Culture and Free Speech: Why strong and vibrant free culture

communities are important for freedom of expression

Rebecca MacKinnon (The University of Hong Kong)

Chair: Shieu-chi Weng (National Chengchi University)

09:50-10:05 Break

10:05-11:15

Case studies and project showcases

Chair: Catharina Maracke (Creative Commons International)

Creative Commons Licenses for Digital Cultural Heritage: A case study

of the National Digital Archives Program

Shu-Jiun (Sophy) Chen (Academia Sinica)

Open legal content and Creative Commons

Jimmy N. Soriano and Bernie Guerrero (Arellano University School of Law)

Introduction to Vietnam OpenCourseWare

Do Ngoc Minh (Vietnam Education Foundation)

CC Real Mixter: An experimental performance inspired by creative

commons

Wonyoung So and Hyojung Sun (Creative Commons Korea)

CC projects in Japan

Klaus Gresbrand (Creative Commons Japan)

Licensing attitudes in Asia and (mis)perceptions of free culture

Giorgos Cheliotis (Singapore Management University)

Toward useful Creative Commons adoption metrics

Mike Linksvayer (Creative Commons)

11:15-11:30 Break

11:30-12:30

Asia and Commons (discussion)

Facilitators: Tyng-Ruey Chuang (Academia Sinica) and Jessica Coates (Queensland

University of Technology)

12:30 Workshop Adjourned

14:30 -

17:00

Museum Tour (optional social program)

National Palace Museum and/or Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines


議程表

一月十八日 (週五) 4:30 pm - 5:30 pm: 接待茶會

地點：中央研究院學術活動中心中研咖啡廳

一月十九日 (週六)

地點：中央研究院人文社會科學館第二會議室

09:00-09:30 報到入場

09:30-09:40 致詞

劉翠溶（中央研究院）

09:40-10:20

主題演講 — 著作權法危機的解決方案

William W. Fisher (Harvard Law School)

主持人：李德財（中央研究院）

10:20-10:35 休息時間

10:35-11:50

創意、協力與通訊的工具

主持人：Mike Linksvayer (Creative Commons)

完全開放式行動電話的誕生

馬思誠 (Sean Moss-Pultz, 我本墨客)

培育華碩 Eee PC 生態系統 – 開放原始碼與開放內容

王榮宗 (華碩電腦)

Sony eyeVio – 使用者產生之媒體與「創用 CC」

本間毅 (Takeshi Honma, Sony)

讓「創用 CC」在亞洲更為普及：2008 年 Creative Commons 的社群與

產業發展國際策略

方力中 (Jon Phillips, Creative Commons)

以機器即興演奏：使用並經由科技進行音樂的協力創作

莫尚 (MoShang.net)

11:50-12:00 休息時間

12:00-12:30

內容、社群及商業（座談）

主持人：Mike Linksvayer (Creative Commons)與談人：馬思誠 (我本墨客)、

王榮宗 (華碩電腦)、本間毅 (Sony)、方力中 (Creative Commons)、莫尚

(MoShang.net)


12:30-14:00 午餐時間

14:00-15:15

作者、著作權、與公眾授權（座談）

主持人：劉靜怡 (臺灣大學)

超越或順從 – 我們希望公眾授權能做什麼？

陳舜伶 (Harvard Law School)

「善與人為」：公眾授權模式之間漸增的相容性

Jessica Coates (Queensland University of Technology)

公眾資訊領域中的作者：自由中應有權利的存在嗎？

Alina Ng (Mississippi College School of Law)

資訊時代之著作權集體管理

王春燕 (中國人民大學法學院)

15:15-15:30 休息時間

15:30-16:45

公眾創用：亞洲的文化觀點（座談）

主持人：方念萱 (政治大學)

詴探「公眾創用」的本土文化義涵 ─ 從傳統的「公」觀念出發

陳弱水 (臺灣大學)

如何看待 Asian Commons ？

Lawrence Liang (Alternative Law Forum)

由「公」轉「共」：台灣派系文化的根源

李丁讚 (清華大學)

一個亞洲教育者對知識私有化的省思

林孝信 (弘光科技大學)

16:45

-17:00 休息時間

17:00-17:10 活動預告 iSummit 2008 in Sapporo

Mika Sato 與 Toshiyuki Iida (Sapporo Municipal Government)

17:10-17:40

專題演講 — 從無主物到公有物 ─ 財產權的變貌

黃居正 (清華大學)

主持人：莊庭瑞（中央研究院）

17:30-19:00 晚間

19:00-21:00 晚餐於立德台大尊賢會館

21:00-00:00 音樂派對 (於河岸留言舉辦)


一月二十日 (週日)

地點：中央研究院人文社會科學館第二會議室

09:30-09:50

專題演講 — 自由文化與自由言論：為什麼強健而活躍的自由文化社群是實現

言論自由所不可或缺

Rebecca MacKinnon (香港大學)

主持人：翁秀琪（政治大學）

09:50-10:05 休息時間

10:05-11:15

案例研究及專案展示

主持人：Catharina Maracke (Creative Commons International)

「創用 CC」授權與數位化的文化遺產：以數位典藏國家型科技計畫為例

陳淑君 (中央研究院)

開放的法律素材與公眾創用

Jimmy N. Soriano 與 Bernie Guerrero (Arellano University School

of Law)

越南 OpenCourseWare 簡介

Do Ngoc Minh (Vietnam Education Foundation)

CC Real Mixter : 一個靈感來自 Creative Commons 的實驗性表演

Wonyoung So 與 Hyojung Sun (Creative Commons Korea)

日本採用 CC 授權的計畫

Klaus Gresbrand (Creative Commons Japan)

亞洲的授權態度與對自由文化的(錯誤)認知

Giorgos Cheliotis (Singapore Management University)

如何讓 CC 採用數據變得有用

Mike Linksvayer (Creative Commons)

11:15-11:30 休息時間

11:30-12:30

亞洲與公眾創用 (開放討論)

引導人：莊庭瑞（中央研究院）與 Jessica Coates (Queensland University

of Technology)

14:30-17:00 文化參訪

國立故宮博物院及/或順益台灣原住民博物館


Abstract

摘要

Keynote 主題演講


Solutions To The Copyright Crisis 著作權法危機的解決方案

William W. Fisher

The Internet has enabled the efficient distribution of digital media for the benefit

of music lovers, film fans, educators, students, and consumers around the world.

However, it has also disrupted traditional distribution channels for the entertainment

industry. Sales through retail channels are being rapidly eroded by unauthorized on-line

distribution of digital recordings. Partly as a result, global record industry revenues

declined by 3% in 2005, by 5% in 2006, and by 9% in the first half of 2007. Attempts

to establish new models to capture revenue in the on-line environment have met with

limited success. Apple’s iTunes Store generates significant revenue through its retail

sales model, and a few subscription models have shown promise, but none of these will

be sufficient in the long run to offset the steady decline in revenues from sales of

physical media (CDs, tapes, DVDs, etc.). Academics, government officials, and

industry representative are all struggling to identify a system capable of solving this

intensifying crisis. More specifically, they are trying to identify a combination of legal

reforms and business models that will enable us both to continue to reap the economic

and cultural benefits of the new digital distribution technologies and to fairly

compensate the contributors to the creative process. This lecture will review the various

proposals now being discussed and argue for the superiority, at least in the near future,

of a network-based collective licensing system.

Keynote 主題演講


由於網際網路的普及促成了數位媒體的有效散佈，這使得世界各地的音樂愛

好者、影迷、教育工作者、學生與消費者也因此獲益。然而，網際網路卻也對娛

樂產業的傳統散佈管道形成干擾，未經授權的散佈行為逐漸侵蝕了數位錄音著作

的零售量，造成全球音樂產業的收入在 2005 年掉了 3 個百分點、在 2006 年掉

了 5 個百分點，而在 2007 年的上半年甚至達到了 9 個百分點的跌幅。在網際

網路上嘗詴增加收入的新模式所收到的成果仍屬有限，蘋果電腦的 iTune 網路商

店透過了其零售式的銷售模式而得到了顯著的收益，而一些採取訂閱的模式也似

乎遠景可期，但長遠來看這些模式都不足以彌補實體媒體（如音樂光碟、卡帶、

數位影音光碟等）的銷售額所呈現的下降趨勢。學界、政府官員與業界代表都努

力地要找出一個足以解決此一日趨嚴重的危機的方式，詳而言之，他們正在詴圖

找出一個法律改革與商業模式的結合 — 而此種結合將會是有助於我們持續從新

穎的數位散佈科技中獲取經濟上與文化上的利益，並能使對於創作過程有所貢獻

者得到合理的報酬。本演講將檢視目前已被提出的各種方案，並主張至少在近期

內，一個以網際網路為基礎的集體授權系統的優越性。

（陳舜伶譯）

Tools for creativity, collaboration, and communication



The Making Of A Totally Open Phone 完全開放式行動電話的誕生

Sean Moss-Pultz (馬思誠)

This presentation is about achieving a completely open phone by developing

OpenMoko in the current open source climate: How ambitions were fulfilled,

compromises made, and key lessons learned.




於目前開放原始碼的氛圍下，如何經由「我本墨客」的發展而達成全然開放

的行動電話？此次簡報將說明我們的雄心壯志如何達成、妥協為何產生、以及經

驗怎樣學得的歷程。

（莊庭瑞譯）




Asus Eee Pc Ecosystem Enabling - For Open

Source & Open Content 培育華碩 Eee PC 生態系統 - 開放原始碼與開放內容

Ellis Wang (王榮宗)

Eee PC is a breakthrough in design methodology and a revolution in user

experience. We call this ―Eeexperience.‖

The Eee PC desktop comes from the open-sourced Linux system, and is now

planning to integrate open content with ―Commons‖ ideas. Besides that, Asus is also

pleased to announce the upcoming release of the Eee PC SDK . This will allow open

source and open content communities to bring software and content to the Eee PC in

ways that are easy to develop, easy to port, and easy to release.




Eee PC 是設計方法上的突破，也是使用者經驗上的革新。這我們稱之為「Eee

經驗」。

Eee PC 桌上系統來自開放原始碼 Linux 系統，並正規劃如何整合來自「公

眾創用」思維的開放內容。除此之外，華碩很高興的宣佈 Eee PC 系統開發工具

也即將釋出。這將使開放原始碼與開放內容社群在為 Eee PC 帶來軟體與內容

時，可以用更容易發展、更容易移植、以及更容易釋出的方式來進行。

（莊庭瑞譯）




Sony eyeVio - User Generated Media Meets

Creative Commons Sony eyeVio – 使用者產生之媒體與「創用 CC」

Takeshi Honma (本間毅)

Integrating Creative Commons into eyeVio helped solving the copyright

management issue faced by many user generated content services. Creative Commons

provides eyeVio with a tool to give media consumers the freedom to take content

across devices while maintaining the rights for media producers to keep control of their

creations. This presentation will give an overview of Sony eyeVio service, explain how

Creative Commons is integrated into eyeVio's user experience, and examine the value

of Creative Commons in the emerging user generated content industry.




「創用 CC」幫新力的 eyeVio 解決了一個讓眾多網路服務頭疼的問題 - 處

理使用者創作作品的著作權。有效運用「創用 CC」，讓 eyeVio 在提供使用者自

由傳輸影片的同時，也保護了影片創作者的權利。這場演說將會介紹「創用 CC」

與 eyeVio 的緊密結合，並討論「創用 CC」在使用者創作產業裡所扮演的角色。

（Brandon Wu 提供）




Making Creative Commons Common in Asia:

Effectively scaling Creative Commons

community and business development

strategies internationally in 2008 讓「創用 CC」在亞洲更普及：2008 Creative Commons 社群與產業發展策略

Jon Phillips (方力中)

Throughout 2007 Creative Commons (CC) built the business and community

development pipeline around the concepts of increasing Creative Commons license

adoption globally and providing solutions to all types of external organizations in order

to lower the transaction cost for supporting Creative Commons licensing and

technologies. In only a year CC has worked with majors like Google, Yahoo!,

Microsoft and Apple to build stronger relationships that have also helped to incubate

startups that thrive off of Creative Commons licensing.

This ―Open Business Development‖ approach will be discussed in brief in order

to scale this strategy internationally through the 40+ Creative Commons affiliates,

starting in Asia/Pacific Rim countries. Particular emphasis will be placed on how to

effectively develop relationships with businesses in an open way, how to do this all

with little resources, and how to externally manage multiple synchronous projects.




2007 年間 Creative Commons (CC) 在針對普及「創用 CC」授權在全球的採

用、以及提供各類外部組織降低支援「創用 CC」授權與相關技術所需交易成本的

解決方案上，建立了產業與社群發展的管道。在短短的一年之中，CC 與 Google、

雅虎、微軟以及蘋果等大公司建立了更為緊密的關係，但也同時幫助培育了許多

以「創用 CC」授權為商業模式的新生公司。

我們將簡短討論「開放商業的發展」，以期能從亞洲與太帄洋環圈國家出發，

將這些策略延展到 40 多個「創用 CC」司法管轄區計畫。其中的重點將在於：

如何以開放的方式發展與商業體的關係、如何以稀少的資源來進行這些工作、以

及如何管理多項同步進行的計畫。

（莊庭瑞譯）




Jamming with Machines: collaborating on

music with technology and through technology 以機器即興演奏：使用並經由科技進行音樂的協力創作

MoShang (莫尚)

Jamming refers to a collaborative musical act where two or more musicians get

together to create, in real-time, an improvised musical work. Whilst the resulting jam

may not always be a cohesive or even pleasing musical work from a listener’s

perspective, the playful, improvised nature of the process allows for unexpected results

and for happy accidents to occur.

Exponential advances in the processing power of personal computers and the

increasing sophistication of software and software modeling have placed an incredible

array of affordable music production tools into the hands of ―bedroom‖ producers.

Over the last decade or so, these software tools have made it possible to take a musical

work from an initial idea to a final release quality product all within the PC.

Nothing is more frustrating than having access to all the tools to produce great

music, but at the same time to be stuck for musical ideas to use them on – yet it’s

surprisingly easy to become intimidated by the technology and to lose the initial spark

of creativity. What one really wants to do is to approach the music production process

in the home studio like a jam session, to reintroduce a measure of playfulness and

improvisation, and to treat the technology like a jamming partner.

In tandem with the developments in personal computers has been the

development of computer networking and the Internet. The Internet currently offers a

myriad of ways for musicians to meet and collaborate, from humble e-mail to music

uploading sites, social networking sites and virtual worlds. More recently, it has

become possible for musicians to jam together in real-time from just about any location

in the world, and to stream the jam-session to a live audience in a virtual world.




即興演奏就是協力的音樂演出：兩位或更多位的音樂人在一貣，以即時的方

式創造隨興的音樂作品。雖然對聽眾來說，即興演奏所產出的音樂作品不一定都

是有整體感甚或不是悅耳的，但即興演奏過程中的趣味與隨興的本質，卻可讓意

料不到的結果，以愉悅方式誤打誤撞而來。

隨著指數成長的個人電腦處理能力，以及日益精緻的應用程式和軟體模型，

許多「臥房」製作人手上已掌有各式各樣的音樂生產工具。音樂創作從發想到完

成達到可正式發行品質的作品，在過去十年左右，已經可以透過軟體工具，全然

於個人電腦內完成。

雖然用以創作音樂的工具處處都是，如果音樂的構想反而無法在這些工具上

施展，將會令人格外沮喪。面對科技感到壓迫，因而失掉創意的火花，是非常容

易的。而眾人所想要的，是將即興演奏的愉悅與隨興導入家庭工作室的音樂生產

過程，也就是將科技當作即興演奏的夥伴。

電腦網路與網際網路伴隨著個人電腦同時快速進展。從電子郵件、音樂上傳

網站、社會網絡網站、到虛擬世界，網際網路提供了各式各樣的方式，讓音樂人

相識並協力。最近，音樂人已經可以透過網路，在世界不同地方，即時進行即興

演奏，並將即興演奏的過程，於虛擬世界上，現場播出。

（莊庭瑞譯）

Authorship, copyrights, and public licensing 作者、著作權、與公眾授權


To Surpass Or To Conform – What Do We Want

Public Licenses For 超越或順從 - 我們希望公眾授權能做什麼？

Shun-ling Chen (陳舜伶)

The commons movement has become phenomenal in recent years. Nevertheless,

with the multiplication of participants and the different politics they have brought in, it

is unclear whether there exists a clear picture of what the goal of this movement

actually is. Although based on the current copyright regime, public licenses have been

instrumental for the commons movement, but what do we want these licenses help us

to achieve?



近年來公眾資訊運動蔚為風潮，然而隨著參與的人數增多，運動內部也出現

不同的聲音與策略，此一運動的目標也因為這些分歧而逐漸顯得模糊。建立在現

行著作權制度之上的公眾授權模式是推展公眾資訊運動的基礎，但我們究竟希望

這些公眾授權模式能達到什麼目的？



Playing Well With Others: Increasing

Compatibility Between Commons Licences 「善與人為」：公眾授權模式之間漸增的相容性

Jessica Coates

One of the criticisms most frequently made of the open access movement is the

growing number of divergent licence models. While it can be argued that the flexibility

this provides for creators is necessary for the continued growth of the commons,

compatibility between these many licences remains a major barrier for those wanting to

remix material from multiple sources. Important steps have recently been taken

towards compatibility between the GPL and Creative Commons licensing models -

what will be the affect of these changes?



對於開放近用運動一個常有的批評是不同授權模式在數量上的不斷增加，雖

然有人認為提供創作者在選擇授權模式上的彈性是促成資訊公共領域成長所必

頇，但是使用者在混用不同來源的素材時，這許多種授權模式之間的相容性問題

卻也對於使用者形成使用上的主要障礙。近來在 GNU 通用公共授權證 (GNU

GPL) 和創用 CC 授權模式之間的相容性問題上已經有了重要的進展，這些改變

會為我們帶來什麼影響？

（陳舜伶譯）



Authorship in the Commons: Should Rights

Exist in Freedom? 公眾資訊領域中的作者：自由中應有權利的存在嗎？

Alina Ng

With the expansion of copyright, there has been increasing calls for the protection

of the public domain to ensure that there is a common pool of creative resources for

new authors and other creators to build upon. Authors who willingly surrender some of

their rights to the public through private contractual ordering such as the Creative

Commons licenses or GPL increase this pool of free resources for new authors to work

with. Together with digital technologies that provide the tools to put together existing

works, these licenses provide raw materials and unlimited opportunities for creative

authorship to occur at many different levels of creativity. This presentation proposes a

higher standard for original expression and creativity when authors use free works from

the public domain/commons to produce new ones. This higher standard ensures that

works created out of the public domain remains free for future authorship to occur and

recognizes original authorship in the commons through the grant of rights in highly

creative works.



隨著著作權法的擴張，透過保護公共領域以確保未來能有可供創作人擷取的

創作資源庫的呼聲也日漸增長，願意捨棄某些個人權利的作者們選擇了例如創用

CC 授權和 GNU 公共授權許可證等私人之間契約方式，將這些原受個人支配的

財產投入公眾資源庫以供後人利用。結合各種提供人們利用既有作品之工具的數

位科技，這些授權方式給予創作者豐沛的原始素材以及源源不絕的創造機會 - 不

論他們各自的創造力高低。本文主張當作者採用公共領域中的資源或公眾素材進

行創作時，其著作權的取得應受較高標準的原始表現方式與創造力的要求。此種

較高的標準能確保公共領域中的資源能為未來的作者所自由使用，並透過賦予具

有高度創作力的作品著作權，使得即便是利用公眾資訊的的創作人，其原創性也

應有受到承認的可能。

（陳舜伶譯）



Managing Copyright In A Digital World 資訊時代之著作權集體管理

Chunyan Wang (王春燕)

This presentation will cover the latest developments in the role of collecting

rights management on the Chinese Mainland, with specific focus on Music Copyright

Society of China (MCSC) and the China Audio-Video Collective Administration

(AVCA). These two organizations are currently the only two collecting rights societies

in China Mainland. Also discussed will be a new proposal for a third collecting rights

society for literary works. The talk will discuss the new challenges and opportunities

that information and web technologies are now bringing to collecting rights societies. It

will also discuss new features being made available through MCSC’s online platforms

including the Music Online Registration Platform (MORP) and Music on-line

Exchange Platform (MOEP). The possibility of connecting such kind of platforms with

public licensing in some respects will be discussed. In addition, alternatives to digital

copyright management, such as that provided by the company R2G, will also be

addressed.



本講題討論著作權集體管理在大陸的實務與發展，涉及中國音樂著作權協

會、中國音像集體管理協會，以及即將成立的文字作品著作權協會等三類著作權

集體管理組織。信息與網絡技術給上述著作權集體管理機構帶來的挑戰與機遇是

本發言涉及的主要內容。其中，將介紹中國音樂著作權協會的數字音樂版權註冊

帄台（MORP）與數字音樂版權管理帄台（MOEP），並將探討這類帄台與公共許

可之間可能存在的某種聯系。同時，作為數字著作權管理的一種替代性解決方

案，網絡公司如 R2G （源泉）所提供的數字著作權管理模式及其影響也將在本講

題中涉及到。

Commons: Cultural Perspectives from Asia 公眾創用：亞洲的文化觀點


Remarks on the Cultural Implications of

“Creative Commons” in a Chinese Context 詴探「公眾創用」的本土文化義涵 ─ 從傳統的「公」觀念出發

Jo-shui Chen (陳弱水)

Owing to the invitation I received to take part in the 2008 ACIA Workshop, I have

the opportunity to familiarize myself with information about ―creative commons.‖ I

feel this is a worthwhile project to promote. It is apparent that my invitation stemmed

directly from my previous research work on the Chinese conceptions of ―gong‖ (the

Chinese notion closest to the Western idea of ―public‖) and related issues. Therefore,

the contribution I may make to this workshop can be nothing but an exploration of the

cultural implications of ―creative commons‖ in a Chinese context. This is what this

essay attempts to do. But it is not an easy task, essentially because it is hard to gauge

the relationship between historically-rooted cultural tendencies and a product of the

internet age.

―Gong‖ is not a single idea; it is rather a complex of ideas with a history of

almost three thousand years. Two fundamental meanings of ―Gong‖ are ―government‖

and ―general‖ or ―universal‖ with the implication of equality. A less prominent meaning

of ―gong,‖ which is quite late in origins, is ―common‖ or ―shared‖. I shall venture to

explore the cultural implications of ―creative commons‖ with these three meanings of

―gong‖ as the starting point. I also hope to express opinions about how the project of

―creative commons‖ should be articulated in Taiwan on the basis of this investigation.

If necessary, my essay will also bring in other notions in traditional Chinese social

thought.



由於受邀參加「資訊時代之亞洲與公眾創用國際研討會」的機緣，我有機會

接觸到有關「公眾創用」（creative commons）的訊息，覺得這是個有意義而值得

推廣的事業。我之所以受邀參加本研討會，顯然是因為個人曾對華人傳統的「公」

觀念與社會意識有所探討，我所能貢獻的，也就在於推敲「公眾創用」的本土文

化義涵了。但這是一項相當困難的工作，原因是，「公眾創用」是個資訊時代新貣

的特定社會運動，它固然屬於個人權利與公共資源的問題，但和具有歷史向度的

基礎文化意念關聯有多深，並不容易看清楚。希望本文嘗詴性的探討，能對「公

眾創用」事業的理念探討多少有所助益。

在直覺上，華人的思想傳統中，「公」顯然和 ―public‖、―common‖ 這些由西

方傳來的觀念最接近。這大抵是不錯的，雖然兩者之間也有重要的差別。本土傳

統的「公」觀念，簡單來說，有兩個最根本的義涵，一是「政府」，一是「普遍」

（兼有帄等的意味）。用英文來說，是 ―government‖ 和 ―general‖ 或 ―universal‖。

另一個次要而且比較晚貣的義涵是「共」，也就是 ―common‖。本文想以「公」的

這三個義涵為基點，探測「公眾創用」可能的本土文化意義，進而設法表達個人

對於「公眾創用」在台灣應當如何表述的看法。如有必要，本文也會引用其他華

人傳統的社會意念。



How Does An Asian Commons Mean 如何看待 Asian Commons

Lawrence Liang

This paper seeks to raise a set of conceptual questions around what it may mean

to think of an Asian Commons. The metaphor of the commons as it is used in debates

on information emerges from a specific history of the enclosures movement in Europe.

The task of articulating an Asian Commons will have to do more than merely translate

existing initiatives such as Creative Commons. This paper argues that the idea of an

Asian Commons will have to answer larger questions of what it mean mean to provide

an epistemological account of the commons in Asia.



本文詴圖提出一系列關於何謂 Asian Commons 的概念性問題。在資訊領域

的議題中採用公有地的比喻是源自歐洲圈地運動這樣一個特殊的歷史背景，當我

們詴圖描述說明 Asian Commons 時，我們不能僅僅止於翻譯既有的作法－如創

用 CC 計畫。本文主張亞洲資訊領域這樣的概念必頇回答更廣泛的問題－即在

亞洲的情境下提出對於公有地的認識論基礎的意義究竟為何。

（陳舜伶譯）



From Pubic to Social: The Origins of Partisan

Culture in Taiwan 由「公」轉「共」：台灣派系文化的根源

Ding-tzann Lii (李丁讚)

In traditional Chinese society, political system had been formed first; social,

economic, and cultural systems, however, were not formally and completely

differentiated, thus establishing a privileged political setup. Politics represents ―public,‖

possessing universal values, and it is also the axis around which society revolves.

However, a privileged political system also creates a peculiar culture in which people

comply in public yet oppose in private. Through personal expansion and buildup,

―public‖ is transformed into ―social.‖ Under such a cultural pattern, Taiwan politics has

therefore developed into a partisan culture. Whichever party controls the nation’s

politics, it is justified for that party to control its publicness and monopolize public

resources. From local governments to national machines, the ruling parties have been

operating on the logics of a fraction: they domesticate Taiwan, ruling the nation with

―insiders.‖ This is exactly characteristic of Taiwan politics, and both Chiang Kai-shek’s

authoritative government and the DPP government are not exempted. Taiwan, therefore,

is rather a ―regime‖ than a genuine ―state.‖ This paper aims to explore how the concept

of social has replaced that of public, and the ensuing consequences resulted from the

replacement. It also attempts to seek for possible ways or mechanisms to breakthrough

such cultural plights.



傳統中國社會，政治系統最早形成，社會、經濟、文化系統則遲遲沒有正式

完整分化，因而造成政治優位的格局。一方面，政治代表「公」，具有普同規範的

價值，也是整個社會運轉的主軸所在。但另一方面，卻也造成陽奉陰違的特有文

化。一般人往往把「公」轉化為「共」或「同」，是個己的擴大與集結。在這種文

化格局下，台灣政治於是發展出獨特的派系文化。任何派系只要掌控了政治，就

等於掌控了「公共性」，可以理直氣壯地由這個派系來獨佔公共資源。從鄉公所、

縣市政府、到國家機器，所有的執政集團基本上都是用派系的邏輯在運作，所謂

「家天下」，用自己的家臣來治理整個國家，正是台灣政治的特殊所在。不只是蔣

介石的威權政府如此，今天的民進黨政府也是如此。因此，台灣只有「政權」，而

沒有真正的「國家」。本文旨在探討，台灣社會關於「公」的概念如何被「共」的

概念取代，以及其所造成的後果，並嘗詴分析如何突破這種文化困境的可能途徑

或機制。



Some Reflective thoughts On the Privatization

of Knowledge from the perspective of an Asian

Educator 一個亞洲教育者對知識私有化的省思

Shiaw-shin Lin (林孝信)

This paper reflects the meaning of and some consequences on the problems of

privatization of knowledge. The author draws his reflections from the observations and

experiences in the fields of scientific education, general education (liberaleducation)

and adult education, fields the author has been deeply involved. The paper starts with

some examination of the status of the commoditization and privatization of knowledge

in Asia, which expands rapidly in the age of globalization. What the commoditization

and privatization of knowledge means is examined both from the development of

human civilization and local folk culture. Examples are drawn from scientific

development, the ideas of universities, and life-long learning. The examinations show

that the commoditization and privatization are detrimental to scientific progress and

human emancipation, only profitable to the giant corporations. Finally, some

suggestions are proposed to counter the trend and preserve the folk cultures.



筆者由其長期著力的科學教育、通識教育以及成人教育等領域的的觀察與經

驗，以本文來反思知識私有化問題的意義以及其所帶來的若干後果。本文由亞洲

地區在全球化時代所急速擴展的知識商品化與私有財產化的現狀出發，並以科學

發展、大學的意義以及終身學習為例，而由人類文明發展和地方民俗文化的兩個

角度來檢視知識商品化與私有化的意義。本文將說明商品化與私有財產化有害於

科學進步與人類解放，而僅對大企業有利。最後，本文將針對如何抵擋此一潮流

並保存民俗文化提出若干建議。

（陳舜伶譯）

Closing Seminar 專題演講


From res nullius to res communis – The

changing phases of property 從無主物到公有物 ─ 財產權的變貌

Chu-Cheng Huang (黃居正)

Property and its collaborating facilities, i.e., the regulation, the authorities and the

utilities, together are constituted as an integrated interpretation system of respective

society. There are common core concepts as referred by the system, such as the concept

of time, the consciousness and objective value of human labour, and the philosophy for

sustainable development. The measurement of efficiency and therefore the consequent

entitlement of property are largely attributed to the chemical functions of these

concepts under the infrastructure of nation-states. The context and the authority to

narrate reflect themselves as a power distribution tool, which give the property a fixed

formulae of formation, functions, distribution and extinguishment. However, while

within a global society composed by nation-states with diversified social cultures, or a

multi-ethnic nation-state with a broader spectrum of evaluation, a single property

perspectives with fixed formulae may not find itself to be of absolute legitimation. This

approach proves to be even truer while applied in the international regime of the

entitlement of traditional knowledge and genetic/biological resources. We may use the

transition of the proposed universal indigenous intellectual property regimes from

universal commons eventually to nation-state absolutism to evidence the preference of

certain phases and interpretation of the above core concepts and their consequent

failure.

Should exclusivity be a universal concept of property management or just one of

the alternative formulae? I would like to take this chance to reflect the validity of either

approaches by examining the orders and values based upon which an international

property regime for culture diversified society such as indigenous community is

promulgated, including its unique but appropriate system for the access, management

and distribution of interests of the genetic and biological resources.

Closing Seminar 專題演講


財產權固然外顯於客觀、具體的制度（例如被普遍承認占有的方式、或市民

政府所建立的登記系統），其規範內容在本質上卻是一個解釋體系。藉由這個解釋

體系，法律所欲彰顯的秩序與價值被具體化。市民財產權中的核心議題，包括有

時間、勞動與生態等規範名詞的意義，決定了國族最終所形成的共同價值，以及

市民社會的權力分配體系。然而，對財產權歸屬之判定，除了前述權力關係所形

構的市場經濟因素外，隨著國際潮流的演變，也日漸涵括了減緩資源之濫用、劣

化以及提高其對特定社群之維養功能等價值。在生態權利概念下，以共用、集團

方式管理取代排他占有的模式，對如原住民族傳統知識或智慧創作的保護，有著

極大的效益。因為在共用與集團方式管理之下，即使傳統知識或智慧創作屬於部

族群共同生活經驗之累積，且與族群生活無法具體分割，既難歸因於個人，亦無

法確認形成時點，更無法在部族中區劃個人或家族社群間的排他權利，仍可以該

傳統知識或智慧創作與部族組織生態帄衡間的客觀聯繫，來作為權利形成之基礎。

同樣的，在國際規範方面，如何在以市民財產價值為核心所構建的「現代化

生產與市場」秩序下，形成一個具有普遍化價值的原住民族或特定集團傳統知識

與智慧創作財產權保護系統，也是具啟發性的課題。透過此一「複雜規範領域」

背後所欲實現之財產意識，我們可以檢視現代國際規範在各種財產歸屬議題上所

欲彰顯之秩序與價值的理性基礎，並對日後以替代性模式形成一個具普遍性、較

適當的財產取得、管理與利益分配體系，提供建議。

Kick Off 專題演講


Free Culture and Free Speech: Why strong and

vibrant free culture communities are important

for freedom of expression 自由文化與自由言論：為什麼強健而活躍的自由文化社群是實現言論自由所不可或缺

Rebecca MacKinnon

Most working journalists can cite examples of how commercial news

organizations have avoided certain stories in order to avoid offending advertisers or key

audiences - or how they often focus on ―sensational‖ news at the expense of

comprehensive reporting on many other issues important to citizens - because those

stories aren't so ―sexy‖ and won't bring as large a circulation or viewer ratings. The

emergence of ―grassroots media,‖ ―citizen media,‖ or ―user generated content‖ - as they

are variously called - is one solution to greater media diversity. Their spread is

facilitated by Creative Commons licenses, alongside a generally ―free‖ approach to

content sharing by creators. In many countries around Asia, citizen media in the form

of blogs, YouTube channels and Flickr pages, have amplified issues, events, and

viewpoints that may not otherwise have gotten much attention, and in many countries

citizen media have had substantial political impact. But we are now encountering a new

problem: most citizen media is created and shared on commercial ―web2.0‖ platforms

whose owners are under growing pressure from governments around the world to

censor the user-generated content hosted on their websites in exchange for not being

blocked by domestic ISP’s. While the most extreme example is China, this is a trend in

many other countries around Asia and beyond. There are also concerns about the

aggressive use of copyright and obscenity laws to place a chilling effect on political

speech, with recent examples emerging in Hong Kong.

Kick Off 專題演講


大多數新聞從業人員都可以細數商業新聞機構如何為了避免冒犯廣告業主

或主要觀眾群而迴避特定新聞的報導，或者這些商業機構如何經常地鎖定某些「煽

情」的新聞而犧牲了其他對於市民而言重要的議題的詳盡報導，因為這些對於市

民重要的議題不夠腥羶，因此無法為這些商業機構帶來足夠的流量以及觀眾閱聽

率。所謂「草根媒體」「市民媒體」或者「使用者創造內容」的誕生是解決目前媒

體多元性不足的一種方式。這些媒體資訊的散佈得力於創用 CC 授權方式，創作

人並隨之採用了與他人分享內容的「自由」作法。在亞洲的許多國家，以部落格、

YouTube 頻道或 Flickr 頁面的形式而存在的市民媒體已經使得許多原本被忽略

的議題、事件與觀點重新得到關注，而在許多國家中市民媒體也已產生了實質的

政治影響力。但我們現在面臨了一個新的問題，多數市民媒體是在商業性 web 2.0

帄台上所產生與分享，而各國政府以國內主要電信服務業者對各帄台的服務作為

交換條件，要求帄台所有者對使用者所生產內容進行言論審查的壓力也日漸增

加。雖然中國目前是採取這種作法的極端案例，這種作法卻已經在亞洲和亞洲以

外許多國家形成趨勢。除此之外也有許多例子是國家如何使用著作權和妨害風化

等法規來使得政治言論產生寒蟬效應，例如最近在香港的例子。

強健而活躍的自由文化社群或許是對於創造、維護以及守衛自由言論、資訊

多元與多樣觀點的空間的最佳途徑，現在我們的問題是：什麼是維護自由文化空

間的成長並確保其長期永續發展的最佳策略？

（陳舜伶譯）

Case studies and project showcases 案例研究及專案展示


Creative Commons Licenses for Digital Cultural

Heritage: a case study of the National Digital

Archives Program 「創用 CC」授權與數位化的文化遺產：以數位典藏國家型科技計畫為例

Shu-Jiun Chen (陳淑君)

The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the applications of Creative

Commons licenses in the NDAP (National Digital Archives Program) which has been

the TELDAP (Taiwan E-Learning and Digital Archives Program) since 2008. Special

concerns from difference stakeholders, from digital content holders, project managers

to users, will be presented so as to highlight the challenges and impacts of the

mechanism of Creative Commons licensing on digital cultural heritage.



本簡報將以數位典藏國家型科技計畫（NDAP，自 2008 年貣成為數位典藏與

數位學習國家型科技計畫，TELDAP）為個案，探討應用創用 CC 授權於數位化

的典藏內容的經驗，及分別從數位文化資產提供者、計畫管理者與資料使用者的

角度，討論創用 CC 帶來的挑戰與衝擊。

NDAP 的目標是建立國家數位典藏並呈現台灣文化、社會與自然多樣性、促

進典藏內容與技術融入產業、教育、研究與社會等面向的發展，及推動成果國際

化並建立國際合作網路。目前數位素材已超過 300 萬筆記錄，內容包括來自產官

學研 100 多個組織機構、跨多樣學科與社群及資料類型。其中，每件典藏品的數

位素材及後設資料（即其背景與脈絡資訊），會被存放於數位典藏聯合目錄，並以

創用 CC 授權方式提供公眾近用與再利用。在實施一年多來，本個案呈現許多值

得深入探討的議題，如：創用 CC 的落實有賴完善的政策推動與配套、創用 CC

在地化指引的重要性（如「姓名標示」應對姓名有所定義或規定、數位圖檔和後

設資料的授權條款是否可以分開處理等）、遇到侵權或惡意使用資料時，典藏單位

要如何處理? 相信這些對於創用 CC 的紮根落實，是重要而有意義的議題之一。



Open Legal Content And Creative Commons 開放的法律素材與公眾創用

Jaime N. Soriano and Bernie Guerrero

Laws and jurisprudence, as they intimately affect the public, should remain public

and not locked as proprietary content by way of the creation of the derivative work of

―collection.‖ It is suggested that proponents of the commons, in their jurisdictions, find

ways of gathering public domain materials to equate the collections being pursued by

proprietary entities, especially in the absence of government effort to provide the same,

in the same direction that FLOSS has been made an alternative to the previously

predominant proprietary software in the market. Although it may be contended that this

line of project(s) is predominantly in the realm of law practitioners and law students,

the direction, however, assures the availability of materials that would aid ordinary

citizens to be informed of their rights, obligations, and potential liabilities as provided

by public documents. The availability of the said resources also provides for the raw

data that could be useful in the development of other value-added law-related

documents, which if released similarly, could benefit the commons and/or society in

general.

It is with this background that emphasis is being made to the region-wide

cooperation being cultivated to gather multi-jurisdictional legal content. The

Philippines, for example, has multiple public resources available to satisfy aspects of

legal research. One of these is the LawPhil Project developed by the Creative

Commons Philippine jurisdiction lead public institution, Arellano University School of

Law. In turn, the LawPhil Project, among other entities in the region, has contributed to

the content available in the Asian Legal Information Institute resource. Further efforts

remain to be important to support this direction.

Following the pattern of development of this class of legal content, fresh efforts

are being exerted to create another class of content, i.e. value-added law-related

documents, that are to be released to the commons, preferably through Creative

Commons licensing. This is to provide alternative to proprietary law books, which are

usually limited by printing considerations (such as content volume-to-price ratio,

update requirements viz existing inventory, etc.) The availability of licensed legal

content can provide substantial impact in law education, the delivery of legal services,

etc., that could inure to the benefit of society as well.

Active participation by legally-interested individuals in the development of a

single comprehensive resource is also being contemplated.



法規範與一般大眾息息相關，因此必頇維持其公眾性，而不應藉由產生法規

彙編的衍生著作的方式使其成為私有化的財產。特別是在沒有政府協助的情況

下，公眾資訊運動的提倡者在其所屬司法管轄領域內應詴圖建立與私人出版之法

律彙編功能近似的途徑來整合公共領域中的法規資訊，猶如開放原始碼軟體已使

消費者在先前主導市場的商業軟體之外有了其他的選擇。雖然這樣的計畫可能被

認為是以法律從業人士與以及法學院學生為主要對象，但這樣的方向卻也確保這

些資訊能幫助一般市民瞭解其權利、義務以及可能負擔的法律責任。這些原始資

料的可及性也有助於發展其他相關法律文獻，而當這些法律文獻可以採用類似的

方式釋出，也將有助於充實公眾資訊並有益於社會大眾。

在這樣的背景之下，我們希望強化區域性的合作能有助於整合來自多重司法

管轄領域的法律素材。例如菲律賓在不同面向的法學研究上有豐富多重的公共資

源，其中之一即是菲律賓 Arellano 大學法律學院菲律賓 CC 推廣團對所發展出來

的 LawPhil 計畫，此計畫和此區域內的其他單位並能提供資訊給亞洲法律資訊學

會，而未來也將繼續朝此方向努力。

依照此一開放法律內容的發展模式，近來也有其他計畫投注於創造另種類型

的法律素材－即將原始素材加值利用而產生的法律相關文獻－這些素材也主

要是以創用 CC 授權的方式釋出為公眾資訊。這在經常受限於印刷考量(如內容

的量價比，更新需求或現有庫存等考量)的私人所出版之法律書籍以外，提供大眾

採用公眾授權的法律資源。這些法學資源的可及性的增加，對於法律教育、法律

服務的提供等有實質的貢獻，社會大眾也將因此獲益良多

針對如何使對於法律有興趣的個人能積極地參與並發展一個單一而完整的

法學資源這個問題我們也會提出思考。

（莊庭瑞、陳舜伶譯）



Introduction To Vietnam OpenCourseWare 越南 OpenCourseWare 簡介

Do Ngoc Minh

VOCW’s mission is to make the OpenCourseWare features rich, useable,

re-useable, and accessible at no cost firstly for academic environment, and later on to

all in the society.

The Ministry of Education and Training (MOET), the VASC Software and Media

Company (VASC), and the Vietnam Education Foundation (VEF) have cooperated to

build up the Vietnam OpenCourseWare (VOCW) project with the purpose of

overcoming all the obstacles in direct using the OpenCourseWare for Vietnamese users.

Three data centers have been set up in Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City

with robust servers and high speed Internet connection. In addition, 14 servers have

been installed at 14 university members of the project to make it easier for the faculty

members and students to access to the Vietnam OpenCourseWare as well as to save

Internet access cost for the universities.

VOCW also receives a strong support from Rice University in using the

Connexions software tools which are considered a revolution in publishing. In making

an interesting comparison between learning materials/knowledge and the Lego game:

In Lego, however complicated the final products might be, they are built from the same

bases that are the small plastic squares which can be magically put together to form

different shapes. Likely, if there is a source of information that is stored in the form of

smaller completed topics, people can manipulate those topics in different ways to build

up a bigger topic which can help solve some particular problems. With the above

conception, the Connexions software tools store information in forms of modules and

courses. Module is a complete topic or a complete part of a big topic, just like a plastic

square in the Lego game. ―Course‖ is a combination of various modules arranged in a

particular order, just like the final product after putting the plastic squares together in

the Lego game.

Connexions software tools enable everybody to contribute their knowledge even

only in the form of a 2-3 page single module written about certain topic. The fact is that

it takes time to compose a textbook, or even a chapter of a textbook, but everyone can

compose a 2-3 page module on a subject that they are interested in. Therefore, if one of

the millions of faculty members across the country composes just one module, a huge

content repository with all subject areas will be built up. When there is a need to make

a textbook, the faculty members just need to make a frame and then add in the modules

that already exist. Composing a textbook may take a couple of years but with

Connexions it takes just few days.



越南 OpenCourseWare(VOCW) 的主要任務是使 OpenCourseWare 本身功能

強大且可供重複使用，同時 VOCW 的第一步將使學術機構可以免費接近使用這

些資源，進而擴展至所有社會大眾。

VOCW 計畫主要由教育與訓練部 (MOET)、軟體與媒體公司 (VASC) 與越

南教育基金會 (VEF) 共同合作，並以解決所有越南使用者使用上的困難為目的。

VOCW 目前在河內、峴港與胡志明市分設有三個具有完整與高速伺服器的

資訊中心。除此之外，另在 14 個參與合作的大學安裝有伺服器以便利教職員生使

用 VOCW ，並節省各校網路連線費。

VOCW 並受到美國 Rice 大學的支持，採用 Connexions 軟體工具，該軟體

被視為出版工具的一大革命。我們可以將學習素材/知識和樂高遊戲作一個有趣的

對比：在樂高遊戲中，不論最後成品如何的複雜，都是由小的塑膠方塊為基礎巧

妙地拼成不同的形狀，同樣的，如果將不同的資訊也分別儲存為較小的完整主題，

我們便可以將這些主題以不同的方式組合成為一個較大的主題，而得以用來解決

特定的問題。Connextion 運用樂高遊戲的概念，將資訊以模組 (module) 和課程

(course) 的形式分別儲存。猶如樂高遊戲中的塑膠方塊，模組是一個完整的主題

或者是一個大主題之下一個完整的子題，而課程是將不同的模組以特定的方式整

合的結果，猶如樂高遊戲中將各方塊組合之後的最後成品。

Connexions 軟體工具使得每個人都可以貢獻他們的知識，即便每個人都只針

對某一主題撰寫兩到三頁的模組。雖然教材的編輯－即便只是教科書中一個章

節的編輯－都可能需要花費相當時間，但每個人可以針對其興趣來撰寫兩到三

頁的模組，如此，即便每位老師都只貢獻一個模組，也可以有聚沙成塔的效果，

而能在各學術領域中都建立一個大型的資訊資源庫。當有人需要編輯一個教科書

時，他只需要提供一個架構然後再加入已經存在的不同模組即可。在過去一本教

科書的編輯往往需要費時多年，Connexions 現在則需要一些工作天便可完成。



To protect the rights of content contributors (authors), the Connexions software

tools provide the authors with the Creative Commons license. The VOCW team is

working with the Creative Commons organization to port the licenses into Vietnamese

to make it easier for Vietnamese users.

To get the participation of the whole community in building and sharing

knowledge, the VOCW team has carried out many training courses on how to use

Connexions software tools to create modules and courses on the VOCW website for

faculty members and students at member universities across the country.

After two years of operation, on December 12, 2007, the VOCW website at

http://www.vocw.edu.vn was officially launched

We hope that with the great support and participation of the whole community,

Vietnam will soon have an online reference material center which is free and

indispensable to faculty members, students, and researchers in Vietnam.



為了保護每位素材提供者(作者)的權利，Connexions 軟體工具提供作者 CC

授權的選項，VOCW 團隊更與 CC 合作進行將授權條款本地化的工作，使越南

使用者能容易的使用這些授權條款。

為了提倡社會大眾參與知識的建立與分享工作，VOCW 團隊已經持續針對

國內大學的教職員生進行如何運用 Connexions 的模組與課程的教育訓練。經過

二年的運作，在 2007 年 12 月 12 日正式宣布 VOCW 網站開張。

我們期待大家的熱情參與支持，越南將在近期內成立線上參考資料中心，對

於越南的教師、學生與研究者，這將會是一個免費且不可或缺的研究資源。




CC Real Mixter: An experimental performance

inspired by creative commons CC Real Mixter: 一個靈感來自 Creative Commons 的實驗性表演

Wonyoung So and Hyojung Sun

There were many ideas that contributed to the birth of cc real mixter. At the first

place it was just a simple talk about 'let's do something fun together with creative

commons'. Kim Chang-jun, one of the cc volunteers, suggested making music through

participation of people. This simple idea was supported by a few cc volunteers and it

evolved into a mixture of many brilliant ideas like using cc mixter's sounds as sources,

bringing in people's participation with interactive installation which can be a brand new

musical instrument.

The preparation of the performance was done by many helps with volunteers who

have various background like a media artist, designer, engineer, student, dj, vj etc

crossing over art and science. It was an totally interdisciplinary collaboration and most

of the tools used for the performance were open software or hardware which can be

used freely. The whole synthetic creation through interaction was remixed again by vj

and dj and with this enthusiastic ambience. People who could play their instruments

joined the performance improvisationally.

The pursuit of this performance is an experiment that anyone who is interested in

this kind of culture can be being a creator himself and active cultural consumer

simultaneously. Simply put, with the inspiration of creative commons we can create

something fun and enjoy it together. We don't have deep awakening of all these but

we'd like just act with the belief about creativity, commons and culture. Hope to share

this experience.



CC Real Mixter 的誕生要歸功於許多的想法。首先，它只是一個簡單的聊天

「讓我們一貣來用 CC 公眾創用的觀念作一些好玩的事吧！」CC 的自願工作夥伴

Kim Chang-jun 建議透過大眾的參與來合作共創音樂。這個簡單的想法受到許多

CC 自願工作夥伴的支持，進而交織成為許多更棒的想法，如使用 cc mixter 的聲

音作為資源，使得大眾的參與能結合互動式設備，成為全新的音樂工具。

這一類型的演出是由許多來自不同背景的自願工作夥伴，如媒體藝術人、設

計師、工程師、學生、DJ、VJ 等包涵了藝術與科學等不同的領域。這完全是跨學

門間的合作，而且多數的表演工具是可以自由使用的開放軟體或硬體。這些合成

的創作是透過 VJ、DJ 與熱情的環境再次混音互動而成。只要是會玩樂器的人都

可以即興的參與表演。

此類表演工作的進行是針對那些對於此類文化創造有興趣的人，自己也可以

同時成為創造者與文化消費者的實驗。簡單的說，藉由 CC 的靈感啟發，我們可

以一貣創造一貣玩。我們並沒有所謂深厚的覺醒意識，但是我們願意相信創造、

共用、與文化的理念。願分享此經驗給大家。

（莊庭瑞譯）



CC Projects In Japan 日本採用 CC 授權的計畫

Klaus Gresbrand

Short presentation of Japanese projects involving CC licenses. The focus will be

on ―Nicovideo‖, a very successful project that adds an interactive twist to video sharing

and a music download site called ―Music Forecast 24/7‖



此次演講將會簡短的介紹日本使用 CC 授權的計畫。案例包括 ―Nicovideo‖，

這是一個在影像分享網站中，加入互動元素的專案；以及一個稱為 ―Music Forecast

24/7‖ 的音樂下載網站。

（莊庭瑞譯）



Licensing Attitudes in Asia and

(mis)Perceptions of Free Culture 亞洲的授權態度與對自由文化的(錯誤)認知

Giorgos Cheliotis

The CC-Monitor project at Singapore Management University has already

collected and presented data from multiple sources on the global use of Creative

Commons licenses. We have showed that CC is steadily becoming the online licensing

model of choice for creative content, but we still believe that not all CC users think

alike. CC and the free culture movement are global, but does the background of an

author not matter after all? I will focus on what we have thus observed concerning

licensing attitudes among Asian CC adopters and how these may differ compared to

licensing behavior in the West. The aim is to continue the discussion that started at the

last iSummit on CC statistics, but this time with an emphasis on Asia, in an attempt to

understand whether economic, cultural, historical or other factors influence perceptions

of copyright in Asia in unique ways and consequently how CC is perceived as a tool for

freeing up content or sometimes perhaps misperceived as a means of copyright

enforcement.



新加坡管理大學的 CC-Monitor 計畫已由不同來源收集並呈現了 CC 授權

的全球使用情形。雖然我們的研究顯示 CC 已經穩定的成長為創作線上授權模式

的一種，但是我們仍然認為使用者之間對於 CC 授權條款的想法是不一致的。CC

與自由文化運動是全球性的，但是作者的背景是否也是需要考量的因素? 我將集

中焦點在根據我們所觀察到的亞洲地區 CC 採用者之間對於授權的態度，並比較

與西方 CC 採用者之間態度的異同。我主要目的是延續上次 iSummit 在 CC 統

計資料議題上的討論，但是，我這次會主要著力於亞洲地區，並詴圖藉此瞭解經

濟、文化、歷史、或其他因素是否會以獨特的方式影響亞洲地區對於著作權的認

知，進而探討 CC 如何被視為是將內容自由開放化的工作，抑或是有時被誤認為

是執行著作權法的工具。




Toward Useful Creative Commons Adoption

Metrics 如何讓 CC 採用數據變得有用

Mike Linksvayer

Five years after their public launch, Creative Commons licenses have achieved

impressive adoption across many different content types, users, and jurisdictions.

However, this adoption has proven difficult to characterize, in part due to its

decentralized nature. This talk will give a brief overview of what we know about

quantitative and qualitative growth of CC license adoption, upcoming initiatives to

increase this knowledge and to make raw data on CC license usage more available to

researchers, and the role of CC technology efforts in facilitating adoption metrics,

including reuse tracking.



在創用 CC 授權條款正式開放公眾使用 5 年後，在不同的內容形態、使用者、

以及司法管轄權間，創用 CC 授權方式在採用的普遍性上達成了令人佩服的成果。

然而部分因為創用 CC 授權本身去中心化管制的本質，其被採用的情形難以精確

刻劃。此次的演講將會簡短介紹 CC 授權在採用上質與量的成長情形、以及讓這

些採用的原始資料更能被研究者所取得並使用的一些新嘗詴。其中也會談到使用

CC 相關技術以達成採用數據（含作品引用與使用）的收集整理。

（莊庭瑞譯）


Speakers 講者

Ts'ui-jung Liu（劉翠溶）

Vice President Academia Sinica, Taiwan

William W. Fisher

Hale and Dorr Professor of Intellectual Property Law

Harvard University

Der Tsai Lee（李德財）

Director

Institute of Information Science

Academia Sinica, Taiwan

Sean Moss-Pultz（馬思誠）

President OpenMoko, Inc.

Ellis Wang（王榮宗） Deputy Director Portable Media Box Product Marketing Dept. ASUSTeK Computer Inc.

Takeshi Honma（本間毅）

Chief Producer

Network Media Development

Corporate Development Department

Sony Corporation

Jon Phillips（方力中）

Community and Business Development Manager

Creative Commons

MoShang (Jean Marais, 莫尚)

Sound Jeweler

http://moshang.net/

Mike Linksvayer

Vice President

Creative Commons

Shun-ling Chen（陳舜伶）

SJD Candidate

Harvard Law School

Jessica Coates

Project Manager

Creative Commons Clinic

Queensland University of Technology

Alina Ng

Assistant Professor

Mississippi College School of Law

Chunyan Wang（王春燕）

Associate Professor

Law School of Renmin University of China

Ching-Yi Liu（劉靜怡）

Associate Professor

Graduate Institute of National Development

National Taiwan University

Jo-shui Chen（陳弱水）

Professor

Department of History

National Taiwan University

Lawrence Liang

Alternative Law Forum


Ding-tzann Lii（李丁讚）

Professor

Department of Sociology

National Tsing-hua University

Shiaw-shin Lin（林孝信）

Distinguished Professor

Center for General Education

HungKuang University

Leticia Fang（方念萱）

Associate Professor

Department of Journalism

National Chengchi University

Chu-Cheng Huang（黃居正）

Associate Professor

Institute of Law for Science and Technology

National Tsing-hua University

Tyng-Ruey Chuang（莊庭瑞）

Associate Research Fellow

Institute of Information Science


Rebecca MacKinnon

Assistant Professor

Journalism & Media Studies Ctr.

University of Hong Kong

Shieu-chi Weng （翁秀琪）

Professor

Department of Journalism

National Chengchi University

Shu-Jiun Chen（陳淑君）

Project Manager


Jaime N. Soriano

Jurisdiction and Legal Project Lead

Creative Commons Philippines

Bernie Guerrero

Deputy Project Lead

Creative Commons Philippines

Do Ngoc Minh

Deputy Director

Center for E-Learning and Online Testing Technology

Information Technology Institute

Vietnam National University

Wonyoung So

Creative Commons Korea

Hyojung Sun

Creative Commons Korea

Klaus Gresbrand

Creative Commons Japan

Giorgos Cheliotis

Visiting Assistant Professor

School of Information Systems

Singapore Management University

Catharina Maracke

Director

Creative Commons International


Concert: CC Asia Mega Mix! 嘻嘻亞洲大車拼

21:00 - 24:00, Saturday, Jan. 19, 2008

Location: Riverside Café (河岸留言)

Bus return to Academic Sinica: 00:30 pick up at Riverside Café

Other Transportation: MRT (Gongguan stop /exit 4)

Program 表演內容

Monbaza and friends start the night

Pig Head Skin (朱頭皮) and friends perform Jesus Rocks! and more

MoShang (莫尚), Kuo Chou Ching (拷秋勤), Chang Jui-chuan (張睿銓), and André

van Rensburg rejoin for Asian Variations

Bust This by the hip hop performance DJ duo, Byeongjun Joo (張翔準) and Sangjun Jang

(朱柄準)

Influence brought from Sudev Bangah

Composition and performance by Lisa Diy


About ACIA Asia and Commons in the Information Age (ACIA) is a self-sponsored international workshop

organized by people interested in commons in Asia. These people, for example, are from the

Creative Commons jurisdiction project teams in this region, are engaged in commons-based

projects, or are academics doing research on Asia and/or the commons.

Organizers

ACIA is organized by people at

Creative Commons Taiwan

Taiwan E-Learning and Digital Archives Program

o Cultural Academic Socio-Economic Educational Promotion Program, and

o The Academic Applications and the Dissemination of the Cultural Heritage Project

Software Liberty Association of Taiwan

in collaboration with

Creative Commons jurisdiction project teams in the Asia Pacific region

Creative Commons San Francisco and Berlin offices

and with the assistance of colleagues at Academia Sinica, Alternative Law Forum, Arellano

University School of Law, Harvard Law School, Hungkuang University, Law School of Renmin

University of China, Mississippi College School of Law, National Chengchi University, National

Taiwan University, National Tsinghua University, Queensland University of Technology,

Singapore Management University, and The University of Hong Kong.

The host research institutes at Academia Sinica are Institite of Information Science, Institutum

Iurisprudentiae, and Research Center for Information Technology Innovation.

Sponsors

The ACIA workshop organizers grateful acknowledge the following sponsors for their support:

National Science Council, Taiwan

Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica

Institutum Iurisprudentiae, Academia Sinica

ASUSTeK Computer Inc.

Taiwan Network Information Center

Outblaze Limited


關於 ACIA

資訊時代之亞洲與公眾創用國際研討會(ACIA：International Workshop on Asia and Commons

in the Information Age) 是由對亞洲與公眾創用議題有興趣的伙伴所自發籌辦。這些夥伴大多

來自亞太區域的 Creative Commons 司法管轄區計畫的各個團隊，或正執行與公眾創用相關

的專案、或是進行亞洲與公眾創用研究的學術人。

籌辦團隊

主要的籌辦工作人員來自以下計畫與組織：

臺灣創用 CC 計畫

數位典藏與數位學習國家型科技計畫

推動人文社會經濟產業發展分項計畫

學術應用與文化傳佈子計畫

中華民國軟體自由協會

並得到以下單位的協助：

亞太區 Creative Commons 司法管轄區計畫的眾多團隊

Creative Commons 舊金山及柏林辦公室

籌辦人員主要來自以下單位：

中央研究院、Alternative Law Forum、Arellano University School of Law、Harvard Law School、

弘光科技大學、中國人民大學法學院、Mississippi College School of Law、國立政治大學、國

立台灣大學、國立清華大學、Queensland University of Technology、Singapore Management

University、香港大學

並得到中央研究院下列單位的協助：

中央研究院資訊科學研究所、中央研究院法律學研究所、中央研究院資訊科技創新研究中心

贊助單位

籌辦團隊感謝下列單位對 ACIA 的支持與贊助：

行政院國家科學委員會

中央研究院資訊科學研究所

中央研究院法律學研究所

華碩電腦股份有限公司

財團法人台灣網路資訊中心

網炫股份有限公司


此國際研討會由台灣「創用 CC」計畫 (Creative Commons Taiwan)、數位典藏與數位學習國

家型科技計畫、中華民國軟體自由協會所共同籌辦。台灣「創用 CC」計畫於 2008 年 1 月時

之成員包括：趙柏強、周文茵、莊庭瑞（計畫主持人）、辜雅蕾。特別致謝：張少娟、陳舜

伶、余孟君。

台灣「創用 CC」計畫的工作受到中央研究院資訊科學研究所的支持，自 2003 年開始執行。

部分經費來自經濟部智慧財產局、教育部、文化建設委員會及國家科學委員會的計畫補助。

本手冊採用：創用 CC「姓名標示—相同方式分享 2.5 台灣」授權條款釋出，

前述授權條款內容請見

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/tw/

This proceedings is released under a

Creative Commons ―Attribution—ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan‖ License.

For the content of the above mentioned license, please see

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/tw/

This international workshop has been organized by Creative Commons Taiwan, Taiwan E-learning

and Digital Archives Program, and Software Liberty Association of Taiwan. As in January 2008,

Creative Commons Taiwan includes the following members: Po-Chiang Chao, Wen-Yin Chou,

Tyng-Ruey Chuang (project lead), Ya-Lei Ku. Special thanks: Winnie Chang, Shun-ling Chen, and

Meng-Chun Yu.

Creative Commons Taiwan has been supported by the Institute of Information Science, Academia

Sinica, Taiwan, and in part by grants from the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office, the Ministry of

Education, the Council for Culture Affairs, and the National Science Council.

ACIAacia.wdfiles.com/local--files/ac:downloads/ACIA... · 2012. 9. 17. · of commons among the...

Documents

Transcript of ACIAacia.wdfiles.com/local--files/ac:downloads/ACIA... · 2012. 9. 17. · of commons among the...