DOW - Keskkonnaamet...Marissoo oja Tahussoo Terassoo Niidissoo Järvessoo Pikassoo Suurissoo Vedruka...
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KAAS Publication supported by Environmental Investment Centre ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY Environmental Board Hiiu-Lääne-Saare Region 22 Tallinna Str., 93819 Kuressaare Phone +372 452 7777 [email protected] www.keskkonnaamet.ee ARRANGEMENT OF VISITS Island Area Nature Management Department State Forest Management Centre (RMK) Phone +372 5349 6525 [email protected] www.rmk.ee Compiled by: M. Sepp Front page photo: View of Viidumäe Nature Reserve, G. Raun Layout by: Akriibia Ltd. Printed by: Aktaprint PLC © Environmental Board 2012 DOS AND DON’TS FOR VISITORS ● ● You can move about on private land from sunrise to sunset unless you do damage to the landowner. In case the private land is fenced or marked, you will need the landowner’s permission. ● ● Drive your motor vehicle only on the provided roads and park it only in the car park. ● ● Making a fire and camping is forbidden in the protected area. ● ● Keep your dog on the leash while moving about in the nature. ● ● You can pick berries, mushrooms and other forest goods in the protected area. ● ● Try to act without leaving traces in the nature. When you see damage done to the nature or visiting objects, inform the Environmental Inspectorate by phone 1313. sword-leaved helleborine (Cephalanthera longifolia), which are the orchids with the largest flowers in Estonia. As many as 67 different species of vascular plants have been found in one square metre of the wooded meadow! The wooded meadows are also favourite habitats for many protected bumble bees. HISTORY OF AUDAKU The present nature centre in Audaku housed a hospital for leprous patients in the years of 1904-1946. Leprosy is a chronic contagious disease that affects the skin and many organs. In 1963, the experimental station of the Tallinn Botanical Garden was founded in Audaku, which is working until now. It covers the area of three hectares and has, since 1995, been a part of the limited management zone of the nature reserve. FOR HIKERS The centre of the Viidumäe Nature Reserve is Audaku with its permanent exposition introducing the values and history of the protected area. The study and hiking trails start here. The Raunamäe observation tower is about 700 metres far from the centre. From the tower, you can have a splendid view of all West-Saaremaa. The 1.8-kilometre-long Viidumäe Study Trail is provided with information boards and thus passable on your own. The walk takes about one hour. The 2.2-kilometre-long Audaku Hiking Trail passes several communities and forest types, characteristic of the West-Saaremaa Upland. You can cross the small patch of the species-rich fen along the boardwalk and find an information board at the renewed Upsi wooded meadow. Viidumäe Nature Reserve VIIDUMÄE NATURE RESERVE The Viidumäe Nature Reserve is located in Lümanda and Kihelkonna Rural Municipalities in the western part of Saaremaa. The nature reserve was founded in 1957. The protected area covers 2,598 hectares. The main objective of the Viidumäe Nature Reserve is to preserve the protected species, communities and habitats as well as the local natural complex with all its varieties. Viidumäe, with its highest point being 59 metres above the sea level, is located in the highest and oldest part of Saaremaa, which rose from the surrounding sea about 10,500 years ago. BIODIVERSITY Although the area under protection is relatively small, it is rich in many species of plants, fungi and animals. The ancient coastal scarp cuts the surroundings into two sharply different parts. On the higher land lie drier areas with low beach ridges and dunes, while at the foot of the scarp spring fens and damper lands occur. Approximately 700 species of vascular plants can be found here, and of these about 60 are designated as protected species in Estonia. More than 220 species of lichens, 230 species of mosses, 300 species of algae, 700 species of fungi have been found here. More than 675 species of larger butterflies and moths, 193 species of spiders and 21 species of ants have been counted. These numbers are increasing because new species are constantly being found. FORESTS About 85 % of Viidumäe is covered with forest. Nearly everywhere, the predominating species of trees is the pine. In places, stocky oak trees grow within the Viidumäe pine woods. Such community Photo: Saaremaa yellow rattle, M. Sepp Photo: Eurasian pygmy owl, R. Lillemäe Photo: Wooded meadow, M. Sepp of oaks and pines is regarded as a relict type of forest, which used to be more common in the warmer climate conditions. Plenty of rare species of plants growing at Viidumäe prefer dry and light places: forest glades and clearings, sides of grassy paths and forest rides, slopes of the scarp, etc. Here you can find some species of plants originating from the steppe, such as the woolly milkvetch (Oxytropis pilosa) and Kashubian vetch (Vicia cassubica). On more fertile soils the pale St John’s-wort (Hypericum montanum), the owl-head clover (Trifolium alpestre), the European wild apple (Malus sylvestris) and the rock whitebeam (Sorbus rupicola) grow. In the half-shadowed dry forests, one of the most exotic orchids in Estonia – the red helleborine (Cephalanthera rubra) – can be found. The common ivy (Hedera helix), the wood fescue (Festuca altissima), the lesser hairy-brome (Bromus benekenii) and the ramsons (Allium ursinum) prefer more shadowy forests for growth. The most typical species of birds of the Viidumäe pine woods are the stock dove (Columba oenas), the black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) and the mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus). In the old pine forests the white-tailed eagles (Haliaeėtus albicilla) have made their nests. The mixed deciduous forests are homes for black storks (Ciconia nigra), boreal owls (Aegolius funereus), Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum), tawny owls (Strix aluco), lesser spotted woodpeckers (Dendrocopus minor) and many other species of birds. As for mammals, badgers (Meles meles), elks (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boars (Sus scrofa) as well as their traces can often be noticed at Viidumäe. BOGS Bogs cover a little less than 10 % of the protected area. They lie in the region of springs below the scarp and in the basins on the top of the scarp. Several protected species of plants, such as the saw-sedge (Cladium mariscus), bog myrtle (Myrica gale) and marsh helleborine (Epipactis palustris) can also be found here. The Viidumäe fens and bogs are habitats for common cranes (Grus grus), moor frogs (Rana arvalis), common toads (Bufo bufo) and the rare medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis). Numerous springs, which start from the foot of the scarp, have lead to the formation of spring fens. The Viidumäe spring fens are well known for the rarities growing in these unique places. The most famous of them is the Saaremaa yellow rattle (Rhinanthus osiliensis), an endemic plant found exclusively in West-Saaremaa and nowhere else in the world. It was discovered by Bernhard Saarsoo, a local doctor with naturalist’s interests, in 1933. MEADOWS As most of the Viidumäe Nature Reserve is covered with forests and bogs, meadows form a relatively small part of the area. However, they diversify the local conditions of growth and enrich the biota with both common and rare species. The dry pastures with junipers are the habitats of the small pasque flower while the fringes of the meadows and fallow fields offer the place of growth for the very rare spring vetch (Vicia lathyroides). In the damp meadows and scrubs, the Siberian iris (Iris sibirica) and several species of orchids grow. In the local meadows and wooded meadows, plenty of different butterflies, including several protected species such as the marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) and scarce heath (Coenonympha hero), can be seen. WOODED MEADOWS Throughout the ages, the manageable wooded meadows have traditionally been an inseparable part of the landscapes of Saaremaa. At Viidumäe, the wooded meadows of Laasma and Mäespea have been tended for many years; in 2002, the renewal of the Upsi wooded meadow started. These wooded grasslands are similar to parks and their maintenance needs permanent care: mowing, brush cutting, pruning and clearing trees and bushes. The area of the maintained wooded meadows at Viidumäe is slightly larger than eight hectares. The wooded meadows are the habitats for several species of orchids, such as the lady’s slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) and the VIIDUMÄE Nature Reserve
Transcript of DOW - Keskkonnaamet...Marissoo oja Tahussoo Terassoo Niidissoo Järvessoo Pikassoo Suurissoo Vedruka...
kaas
Publication supported byEnvironmental Investment Centre
aDMINIsTRaTIVE aUTHORITYEnvironmental Board
Hiiu-Lääne-Saare Region22 Tallinna Str., 93819 Kuressaare
Phone +372 452 [email protected]
www.keskkonnaamet.ee
aRRaNGEMENT OF VIsITsIsland Area
Nature Management DepartmentState Forest Management Centre (RMK)
Phone +372 5349 [email protected]
www.rmk.ee
Compiled by: M. SeppFront page photo: View of Viidumäe
Nature Reserve, G. RaunLayout by: Akriibia Ltd.
Printed by: Aktaprint PLC
© Environmental Board 2012
DOs aND DON’Ts FOR VIsITORs
●● You can move about on private land from sunrise to sunset unless you do damage to the landowner. In case the private land is fenced or marked, you will need the landowner’s permission.
●● Drive your motor vehicle only on the provided roads and park it only in the car park.
●● Making a fire and camping is forbidden in the protected area.●● Keep your dog on the leash while moving about in the nature.●● You can pick berries, mushrooms and other forest goods in the protected area.
●● Try to act without leaving traces in the nature.
When you see damage done to the nature or visiting objects, inform the Environmental Inspectorate by phone 1313.sword-leaved helleborine (Cephalanthera longifolia), which
are the orchids with the largest flowers in Estonia. As many as 67 different species of vascular plants have been found in one square metre of the wooded meadow! The wooded meadows are also favourite habitats for many protected bumble bees.
HIsTORY OF aUDakUThe present nature centre in Audaku housed a hospital for leprous patients in the years of 1904-1946. Leprosy is a chronic contagious disease that affects the skin and many organs.
In 1963, the experimental station of the Tallinn Botanical Garden was founded in Audaku, which is working until now. It covers the area of three hectares and has, since 1995, been a part of the limited management zone of the nature reserve.
FOR HIkERsThe centre of the Viidumäe Nature Reserve is Audaku with its permanent exposition introducing the values and history of the protected area. The study and hiking trails start here. The Raunamäe observation tower is about 700 metres far from the centre. From the tower, you can have a splendid view of all West-Saaremaa. The 1.8-kilometre-long Viidumäe study Trail is provided with information boards and thus passable on your own. The walk takes about one hour. The 2.2-kilometre-long audaku Hiking Trail passes several communities and forest types, characteristic of the West-Saaremaa Upland. You can cross the small patch of the species-rich fen along the boardwalk and find an information board at the renewed Upsi wooded meadow.
ViidumäeNature Reserve
VIIDUMÄE NaTURE REsERVEThe Viidumäe Nature Reserve is located in Lümanda and Kihelkonna Rural Municipalities in the western part of Saaremaa. The nature reserve was founded in 1957. The protected area covers 2,598 hectares.
The main objective of the Viidumäe Nature Reserve is to preserve the protected species, communities and habitats as well as the local natural complex with all its varieties.
Viidumäe, with its highest point being 59 metres above the sea level, is located in the highest and oldest part of Saaremaa, which rose from the surrounding sea about 10,500 years ago.
BIODIVERsITYAlthough the area under protection is relatively small, it is rich in many species of plants, fungi and animals. The ancient coastal scarp cuts the surroundings into two sharply different parts. On the higher land lie drier areas with low beach ridges and dunes, while at the foot of the scarp spring fens and damper lands occur. Approximately 700 species of vascular plants can be found here, and of these about 60 are designated as protected species in Estonia. More than 220 species of lichens, 230 species of mosses, 300 species of algae, 700 species of fungi have been found here. More than 675 species of larger butterflies and moths, 193 species of spiders and 21 species of ants have been counted. These numbers are increasing because new species are constantly being found.
FOREsTsAbout 85 % of Viidumäe is covered with forest. Nearly everywhere, the predominating species of trees is the pine. In places, stocky oak trees grow within the Viidumäe pine woods. Such community
Photo: Saaremaa yellow rattle, M. Sepp
Photo: Eurasian pygmy owl, R. Lillemäe
Photo: Wooded meadow, M. Sepp
of oaks and pines is regarded as a relict type of forest, which used to be more common in the warmer climate conditions.
Plenty of rare species of plants growing at Viidumäe prefer dry and light places: forest glades and clearings, sides of grassy paths and forest rides, slopes of the scarp, etc. Here you can find some species of plants originating from the steppe, such as the woolly milkvetch (Oxytropis pilosa) and Kashubian vetch (Vicia cassubica). On more fertile soils the pale St John’s-wort (Hypericum montanum), the owl-head clover (Trifolium alpestre), the European wild apple (Malus sylvestris) and the rock whitebeam (Sorbus rupicola) grow. In the half-shadowed dry forests, one of the most exotic orchids in Estonia – the red helleborine (Cephalanthera rubra) – can be found. The common ivy (Hedera helix), the wood fescue (Festuca altissima), the lesser hairy-brome (Bromus benekenii) and the ramsons (Allium ursinum) prefer more shadowy forests for growth.
The most typical species of birds of the Viidumäe pine woods are the stock dove (Columba oenas), the black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) and the mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus). In the old pine forests the white-tailed eagles (Haliaeėtus albicilla) have made their nests. The mixed deciduous forests are homes for black storks (Ciconia nigra), boreal owls (Aegolius funereus), Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum), tawny owls (Strix aluco), lesser spotted woodpeckers (Dendrocopus minor) and many other species of birds. As for mammals, badgers (Meles meles), elks (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boars (Sus scrofa) as well as their traces can often be noticed at Viidumäe.
BOGsBogs cover a little less than 10 % of the protected area. They lie in the region of springs below the scarp and in the basins on the top of the scarp. Several protected species of plants, such as the saw-sedge (Cladium mariscus), bog myrtle (Myrica gale) and marsh helleborine (Epipactis palustris) can also be found here. The Viidumäe fens and bogs are habitats for common cranes (Grus grus), moor frogs (Rana arvalis), common toads (Bufo bufo) and the rare medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis).
Numerous springs, which start from the foot of the scarp, have lead to the formation of spring fens. The Viidumäe spring fens are well known for the rarities growing in these unique places. The most famous of them is the Saaremaa yellow rattle (Rhinanthus osiliensis), an endemic plant found exclusively in West-Saaremaa and nowhere else in the world. It was discovered by Bernhard Saarsoo, a local doctor with naturalist’s interests, in 1933.
MEaDOWsAs most of the Viidumäe Nature Reserve is covered with forests and bogs, meadows form a relatively small part of the area. However, they diversify the local conditions of growth and enrich the biota with both common and rare species. The dry pastures with junipers are the habitats of the small pasque flower while the fringes of the meadows and fallow fields offer the place of growth for the very rare spring vetch (Vicia lathyroides). In the damp meadows and scrubs, the Siberian iris (Iris sibirica) and several species of orchids grow. In the local meadows and wooded meadows, plenty of different butterflies, including several protected species such as the marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) and scarce heath (Coenonympha hero), can be seen.
WOODED MEaDOWsThroughout the ages, the manageable wooded meadows have traditionally been an inseparable part of the landscapes of Saaremaa. At Viidumäe, the wooded meadows of Laasma and Mäespea have been tended for many years; in 2002, the renewal of the Upsi wooded meadow started. These wooded grasslands are similar to parks and their maintenance needs permanent care: mowing, brush cutting, pruning and clearing trees and bushes. The area of the maintained wooded meadows at Viidumäe is slightly larger than eight hectares. The wooded meadows are the habitats for several species of orchids, such as the lady’s slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) and the
VIIDUMÄENature Reserve
Lümanda vald
Kärla vald
Kihelkonna vald
Piskuma
Audaku
Rauna
Sihi
Upsi
Pääkse
Tammiku
Allika-Mihkli
Allika-Peetri
Laratsi
Kopli
PähkliSireliTihiku
Küngu
Matsi
Tirisoo
Kaasiku
Heimu
SimmuAandi
RummaVälja
KünguSilla
Niidi
Tänaku
Nõmme
Õuna
Simmu
Lehtmetsa
Alliku
Peetri-RaunaUuepõllu
RiipsuKaera
Kurisaugu
Kalda
Metskopli
PõlluPajuvälja
Vene
MeestuJaani
Jürna
Tiigi
KünguReediku
Alliku
Liivapõllu
Kalda
Kilgi
KustaPeetri
Vatsliku
PõlluMetsa
RummaNõmmeniidi
Laussoo
Pärdise
Kaatsa
Umbsoo
Tiinivälja
Lagenõmme
AaduHaavasoo-Jõe
Põlema
Söaoja
Männi
KopliOlevi
Sikaaugu
Sutru
Tamme
Kuusiku
Sepa
Värava
SaaduTammepõllu
Lauma
Lillibe
Jaagu
Anni
Raavi
Sakke
Viidumäelooduskaitseala
Mäepea
Kihelkonna 8 km
Kuressaare 21 km
Lümanda 1 km
Viki
Koki
ViiduPõlluküla
Kärdu
Vedruka
Suurissoo mägi
Kadimägi
Sutru mets
Raunamägi
Surnuaiamägi
Tõldemägi
Suurmägi
Kannamägi
Nakimets
Kivesselja mets
Viidu
Sui teerist
Vesiku oja
Riksu oja
Riksu oja
Puss
a pk
r
Vesiku oja
Vesiku oja
Vedr
uka
oja
Kihelkonna oja
Marissoo oja
Tahussoo
Terassoo
Niidissoo
Järvessoo
Pikassoo
Suurissoo
Vedruka soo
Marissoo
Taavi soo
Pätsumaaloodusreservaat
Kannaloodusreservaat
1:30 0001cm kaardil=300 m looduses
Puhkekoht / Resting placeParkla / Parking
Kaitseala piir / Nature reserve boundary
Kõvakattega tee / Surfaced roadKruuskattega tee / Gravel roadPinnastee / Unpaved roadRada / Path
Vallapiir / Municipality boundary
Viidumäe õpperada / Viidumäe Study trail
Kaitseala keskus / Nature reserve centre
V
Bussipeatus / Bus stop
aatetorn / Observation tower
Reservaat / Strict nature reserve
Audaku matkarada / Audaku Hiking Trail
Allikas / Spring
Samakõrgusjoon (samm 5 m) / Contour line (interval 5 m)
© Keskkonnaamet
Koki
