Douglas-fir Tussock Moth - DFTM Orgyia pseudotsugata.
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Transcript of Douglas-fir Tussock Moth - DFTM Orgyia pseudotsugata.
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Douglas-fir Tussock Moth - DFTM Orgyia pseudotsugata
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DFTM Larva
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DFTM LIFE CYCLE
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First instarlarvae “Spinning down”which will “balloon” to new location
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Douglas-fir Tussock Moth Larvae
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“Red” trees caused by young larvae
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Dead trees from older larvae.
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Douglas-fir Tussock Moth - Male
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Douglas-fir Tussock Moth – FemaleResting upon pupal case – note hairs
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Egg cases
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DFTMCAUSEDMORTALITY
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Natural Control Factors
• Normally populations keep low during with over 90% of larvae and 75% of pupae are killed by natural factors.
• Viruses - Two naturally occurring types Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and granulosis virus (GV)
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NPV killed Douglas-fir tussock moth larva
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NPV Particles – greatly enlarged
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Natural Control Factors
Parasites: ManyDipterous parasitoid ovipositing onDFTM eggs
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Natural Control Factors
Predators:
•Birds, especially Chickadees, small mammals and ants •Starvation – simply run out of leaves to feed on•High summer temperatures kill larvae•Withstand cold winter temperatures but not high
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Outbreaks occur at about 9 year intervals & last 4 years
In the past, outbreaks often detected in year 3, treated in year 4
Pest Management – When & Why
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Interactions - DFTM and Bark beetles
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Pheromone traps – sticky glue & pheromone
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When insects in traps begin to increase – then treat stand
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Management Considerations
Chemical Control
Biological Control
DFTM Pheromones (Z) – 6-heneicosen-11-one
Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV)Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Will give good control if applied when the new foliage first appears.
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Helicopter application of NPV
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NPV Study - Control Plot (Not sprayed)
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NPV Study - Treated with virus plot
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Ecology
Stand Management
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•In 1974 The EPA granted emergency authorization to the US Forest Service to use DDT for control of the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth
•Several hundred thousand acres were sprayed and the moth population crashed in the treated areas.
•Forest Service Researchers also established a “control” area of about the same size where no treatment was made.
•The Moth population crashed in those areas too.•This was the last legal use of DDT in the U.S.
Science vs Politics (Cost vs Benefit)
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End of DouglasFir Tussock Moth Section