Dorosoma cepedianum gizzard shad Natasha Schuchmann .
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Transcript of Dorosoma cepedianum gizzard shad Natasha Schuchmann .
Dorosoma cepedianumgizzard shad
Natasha Schuchmann
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dorosoma_cepedianum.html
Dorosoma cepedianum
• Identification:– Herring body– Long, last dorsal fin ray– Large, dark spot on shoulder in younger fish– Silvery blue with shiny white belly– No lateral line– 52-70 lateral scales, 10-13 dorsal rays
Dorosoma cepedianum• Habitat:
– Deep, open rivers and lakes with soft bottom
• Diet:– Omnivorous filter feeder
• Phytoplankton and zooplankton
• Reproduction:– 400,000 eggs– Prefer sandy and rocky substrate for spawning– No care of young
Dorosoma cepedianum• Importance:
– Competition for sport fish
– Little food or commercial value
– Used as bait
• Conservation Status:– Abundant, stable numbers
http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/gzs-card.html
Dorosoma cepedianum• References:
– Berra, Tim M., Freshwater Fish Distribution. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001.
– Morris, Christina. “Dorosoma cepedianum.” Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 28 Sept. 2004 <http:// animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/
information/Dorosoma_cepedianum.html>.– Page, Lawrence M., and Brooks M. Burr. Peterson
Field Guides: Freshwater Fishes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991.
Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)Chris Gelner
• Identification: dark-blue to blue-green sides, silver belly with sharp keel, large scales
• Similar Species: Mooneye, origin of dorsal fin is in front of origin of anal fin
• Distribution: inhabits larger streams in western southern and southeastern Iowa where it is considered rare; rarely found in Mississippi river
Iowa DNR
Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)
• Habitat: quiet slow moving waters of large rivers and muddy shallows of large lakes
• Diet: nocturnal opportunistic carnivore, aquatic insect larvae, fish, worms, snails, waterfleas, sideswimmers, terrestrial insects, frogs, mice, shrews
Mississippi River Resource Page
Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)
• Reproduction: male and female spawn at 3 years old when water reaches 10 degrees C. Females can release 5,000-25,000 semi-floating eggs
• Conservation status: although uncommon not listed as threatened because of its wide distibution
Breck P. Kent
Charting Nature
Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)
• Economic value: low, few anglers target goldeye, important as a sport fish and commercially in Canada
• Ecological value: probably unimportant due to its low numbers
Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)
• Common names: goldeye, slicker, webechee, norhtern mooneye, toothed herring, shad mooneye, mooneye, yellow herring…
• State Record: 2 pounds, 4 ounces, Des Moines River, June 1992
Roughfish.com
Frank Bosemeyer
References: Hiodon alosoides
Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Iowa DNR Fish and Fishing. Available at http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/gde-card.html. September 2004.
Mayhew, J. 1987. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Fishes of Minnesota. Available at http://www.gen.umn.edu/research/fish/fishes/goldeye.html. September 2004.
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)Kate Walker
• Identification: large eye; dorsal fin origin located in front of anal fin origin; teeth prominent on both jaws, tongue and roof of mouth; cycloid scales
• Distribution: large river drainages across Iowa-Mississippi, Missouri and Des Moines Rivers
Pictures from:http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/mooneye.html
Hiodon tergisus
• Habitat: prefer swift, clean water; non-silted conditions
• Diet: young-plankton; adult-insects, mollusks, crayfish, and small fish
• Reproduction: spawning is random in April and May (in shallow waters); females produce 10,000-20,000 eggs; eggs covered in a gelatinous material
www.nanfa.org/meetings/ 1999/Wabash/mooneye.jpg
Hiodon tergisus
• Conservation status: neither endangered or threatened
• Economical/Recreational Importance: neither valued for food or sport
• Ecological Importance: contribute to forage fish populations
• Other: state record; spirited catch; appearance similar to herrings; other names
http://www.thejump.net/id/mooneye.htm
References
• Natural Resources. 1994. IowaDNR Fish and Fishing. Available at Iowa Department of http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/iafish.html. September 28
• Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Iowa’s threatened and endangered species. Available at http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/ppd/tespecies.htm. September 26
• New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 2003. Mooneye Fact Sheet. Available at
http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/mooneye.html. September 26
• Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. Freshwater Fishes. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
EsocidaeNorthern Pike (Esox Lucius)
Becky Olerich
Identification: elongated fish with long head depress forward into pair duck billed jaws; canine teeth usually bluish-green with irregular yellow or gold spots on sides; cheek fully scaled lower half opercle scales; 10 plus pounds and 3 to 4 ft.
Distribution: Found world wide; upper 2/3 of Iowa larger lakes and rivers
Habitat: sluggish heavily vegetated areas
Iowa DNR
Northern Pike (Esox Lucius)Diet: young insects, larvae adults perch, drum, small suckers, sunfish, smaller pike predatory fish large pike eat anythingReproduction: mid-march; random spawners; 63,000 to 500,000 eggs laid depending on size; take female until 3rd year in life to reach sexual maturityConservation status: abundant in right lake Iowa is maintaining the population population biggest ever been in spirit lake
Canada Outfitters
Northern Pike (Esox Lucius)Economic and recreational importance:
big game fishStocked in some lakes 5 2inch fingerlings per acre
Ecological importance: species is a predator does not effect the population that much; tolerant to pollution very sensitive to warm water take fairly low oxygen
Other: names common pike, northern jack fish, pickerelState record 25 pounds 5 ounces west Okobojithere is close season on fishing pike in west and east
Okoboji and spirit lake from Feb.15 to May 2 daily bag limit is 3 with a possession of 6 Boundy rivers open year round bag limit 5 possession 10 except Big Sioux bag 6 possession 12
Canada Outfitters
References: Esox Lucius
Canada Outfitters. Available at http://www.canadaoutfitters.com/photopages/canadaoutfitters/recentphotos/
Iowa Department of Natural Resources.1194. IowaDNR Fish and Fishing Available at http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/ppd/tespecies.htm.
Mayhew, J. 1987. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa. 323 pp.
Miller, Lannie. Fisheries Biologist. Iowa Department of Natural Resources,Lake View, Iowa personal communication. September 28, 2004.
Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )
By Chris NickellIdentification: olive to dark gray above, sides lighter with dark spots or bars; upper 1/2 of cheeks and opercle lightly scaled, lower 1/2 of both scaleless; Six or more pores on underside of jaw
Picture from Iowa DNR
Habitat: Muskellunge normally live in lakes and slow-moving rivers with clear water and numerous underwater weed beds.. Muskies most often reside in water less than 4.5 m (15 ft) deep.
Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )
Picture from Minnesota DNR
Diet: Fish, Ducks, Muskrats for adults, Larval Muskies eat waterfleas and copepods but add fish at around 2 inches.
Reproduction: 10,000 to 225,000 eggs depending on size and health, Hatch in 8 to 14 days. Attach to vegetation using adhesive organ on head. Develop mouth and fins over 1-2 weeks, then swim free.
Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )
Picture from Ohio DNRDistribution: has been stocked regularly into Brushy Creek, Hawthorn Lake, Pleasant Creek, Big Creek, Three Mile, Clear Lake, West Okoboji, and Big Spirit. Muskies can also be found in East Okoboji, Upper Gar, Lower Gar, and Lake Minnewashta. Muskies were also stocked in Lake Macbride in 1993, and some individuals are still being caught there.
Conservation: Unlisted but Stocked annually into certain lakes.
Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )
Picture from University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
Economic/ recreational value: Important as game fish
Ecological importance: Important as a predator fish in keeping numbers down in smaller prey fish
Other: Are solely carnivorous, ambush predators
AKA: Musky, Muskie, Wisconsin Musky, Purebred Musky, Fish of 10,000 casts
•State Record – 52” @ 50 pounds, 6 ounces
Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )
Picture from Minnesota DNR
References: Esox masquinongy
Iowa department of natural resources. 1994. Iowa DNR Fish and fishing.available at http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/muk-card.html September 2004
Mayhew, J. 1987. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Fishes of Minnesota. Available at: http://www.gen.umn.edu/research/fish/fishes/muskellunge.html ,
September 2004.
Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Wildlife Division. Fishing. Available at http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/wildlife/Fishing/aquanotes-fishid/muskie.htm September 2004.
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . Lepisosteus osseus. Available at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_masquinongy .html September 2004
The Tiger Musky
www.pikemasters.comOther Names: Normie, Silver Northern
By Nathan Wilhelm
Esox masquinongy
(Male Muskellunge)
X
Esox lucius
(Female Northern Pike)
Hybrid =
Identification
Long Cylindrical Body
Olive to Dark Grey
Tiger Markings on Side
Jaws Shape Like Duckbill
Many, Prominent Teeth
Dorsal Fin Located Far Back
Cheek/Gill Characteristics of a Northern Pike
Body Characteristics of a Musky
www.pikemasters.com
Distinguishing From Northern Pike
Easily Differentiated
Northern Pikes Have Light Bean-Shaped Spots
Tiger Muskies Have Dark Verticle Stripes and Spots
Muskies, Not So Easy!
www.lindenhurst.org www.pikemasters.com
Distinguishing From Musky
Fin Ray Counts Not Helpful
Tiger Musky: Darker Brown Markings
Rounded Fins
Cheek and Upper Half of Gill Scaled
Similar to Barred Musky Strain
Musky: Lighter Brown Markings
Pointed Fins
Only Upper Half of Cheek and Gill Scaled
Multiple Strains
Distributionwww.iowadnr.com34 Stocked Lakes in 1984
Over 800,000 Fish Stocked
No longer Regularly Stocked
HabitatLarge,Clean Lakes and Rivers with Shallow Feeding Areas and Deeper Cool Areas
Prefer Weeds, Logs for Cover When Feeding
Carnivorous Diet
Fish Hatchery: Prepared Foods or Zooplankton as Fry, Then Fish
In the Wild: Mainly Fish - Frogs – Small Mammals – Water Fowl
ReproductionCan Occur Naturally From Northern Pike and Muskellunge, but Need Stocking to be Sustained
Usually Created in Hatcheries by Fertilization of Northern Pike Eggs By Muskellunge
Tiger Muskies Are Sterile, Except for Females Occasionally
www.gen.umn.edu
History and Conservation Status1965 First Hybrid at Spirit Lake Hatchery Created
1978 Released Into 9 Southern Iowa Lakes
1983 Occupying 27 Lakes
1984 34 Iowa Lakes
State Record at 27 lbs. and 2 ounce, From West Okoboji Lake
No Regular DNR Stocking in Iowa
Season open all year except in West Okoboji Lake, East Okoboji Lake, Spirit Lake(closed February 15 to May 20)
The daily bag limit is 1 fish
The possession limit is 1 fish
Fish must be at least 40 in.
RecreationImportant Game Fish Where They Are Found
Grow Faster Than Northern Pike and Muskellunge
More Apt to Strike Than a Muskellunge
Grows Larger Than a Northern Pike
Aggressive Fighters
Ecological SignificanceMost are Sterile so Population Easily Managed
At the Top of Food Chain When Adults
Piscivore: Can Help Keep Populations of Smaller Fish in Check
References
Burr, Brooks M. and Lawerence M. Page. 1991. Peterson field guides. Freshwater Fishes. Houghton Mifflin Company. Pp. 61,62.
Discover the outdoors. Species locater: Tiger musky. Found at http://www.dto.com/fwfishing/species/generalprofile.jsp
speciesid=337
Mayhew, J. (editor). 1987. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa. 323 pp. Found at www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/tigmusky.html
Minnesota muskie farm. Fish species. 1998-2004. Found at http://www.minnesotamuskiefarm.com/fish.html