A PRESENTATION ON DOORS & WINDOWS

By Er. PARTEEK SINGLA

B.Tech(CE)

BABA FARID COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY

Doors may be defined as an openablebarrier secured in a wall opening. It is

provided to give an access to inside of a room.

It consists of two parts:-

1. Door frame

2. Door shutter

A WINDOW is also a vented barrier secured in a wall opening. The function

of the window is to admit light and air to the building and to give a view to the

outside.

WINDOW consists of two parts:-

1. Window frame

2. Window shutter

SOME TECHNICAL TERMS

FRAME:- It is an assembly of

horizontal and vertical members,

forming an enclosure,to which the

shutters are fixed

SHUTERS:-These are the openable

parts of a door or window.

HEAD:-This is the top or uppermost

horizontal part of frame

SILL:-This is the lowest or

bottom horizontal part of a

window frame, not provided

in door frames.

HORN:- These are the

horizontal projections of a

frame..

REBATE :- It is the

depression or recess made

inside the door frame to

receive the door shutter.

The number of should be kept minimum

The location of door & window should meet functional requirements of the room.

The door should not be kept in the centre of the wall.

The window should be located in opposite wall, facing a door or another window, to achieve cross ventilation.

From the point of view of fresh air, a window should be located on the northern side of of a room.

The sill should be located about 70 t0 80 cm about floor level of the room.

Types of doors mainly classified on the basis of-

Arrangement of components

Method or menner of construction

Working operations

Metal doors

This includes four types:-

1. Battened & ledged doors

2. Battened, ledged and braced doors

3. Battened, ledged and framed doors

4. Battened, ledged,braced and framed doors

These doors consist of vertical boards called battens which are nailed or screwed to the horizontal members, called ledges . Often the battens are a-bout 15 to 18 cm wide and 2 to 3 cm thick. Doors made with narrow battens like these have a better appearance.

Battened & ledged doors

This is a ledged and battened door to which braces have been added to prevent sagging. These braces must slope upwards from the hinge edge of the door, and they are housed with a skew notch into the ledges.

Battened, ledged and braced doors

It is improved version of battened and ledged doors with provision of frame. Two vertical members known as styles are provided

Battened, Ledged & Framed Doors

Same as above with extra braces.

Battened, Ledged , Braced & Framed Doors

These doors consist of a frame made up of stiles (a), a top rail (b), a bottom rail (c) and sometimes an intermediate rail (d). into this framework a plywood panel (e) is fitted. This panel may fit into a groove or a rebate.

Framed & Panelled Door

These are provided where the visibility of the interior of the room is required.

Glazed or Sash Doors

The flush door with a framed core is a type of door that we frequently make in Rural Building. This door consists of a frame which has stiles, top and bottom rails, and narrow intermediate rails. It is covered on each side by a sheet of plywood Plywood-covered flush doors cannot be used where they will be exposed to rain and sun.

Flush Doors

These permit free ventilation through them and at the same time maintain the privacy of the room.

Louvered Doors

Wire gauge or fly proof door shutters are fixed to provide free air circulation and prevent mosquitoes, flies, insects etc. from entering into the building.

Wire gauged doors

These are provided only at public places to provide entrance to one and exit to the other person.

Revolving Doors

A sliding door is a type of door which opens horizontally by sliding, whereby the door is either mounted on or suspended from a track

Sliding Doors

A door that swings on a double hinge; opens in either direction

Swing Doors

Mainly provided in godowns, workshop, public windows and etc.

Collapsible Steel Doors

A roller shutter, roller door or sectional overhead door is a type of door or window shutterconsisting of many horizontal slat hinged together. The door is raised to open it and lowered to close it. On large doors, the action may be motorized. It provides protection against wind and rain.

Rolling Steel Shutter Door

Mainly provided in godowns, workshop, public windows and etc. It is quite strong.

Mild Steel Sheet Door

Exactly same as the above type, except that corrugated steel sheets are welded to shutter frame instead of MI sheets.

Corrugated Steel Doors

Appearance as wooden door but have more strength.

Hollow Metal Doors

These are composite doors of plywood and mild steel and are reasonably fire proof.

Metal Covered Plywood Door

A window is comprised of two parts:-

1. Window Frame

2. Sashes or Shutter Frame

Windows

A window that cannot be opened, whose function is limited to allowing light to enter. This type of window is used in situations where light or vision alone is needed as no ventilation is possible through fixed windows

Fixed windows

A window having a section which is pivoted near the center so that the top of the section swings in and the bottom swings out.

Pivoted Window

A window with two parts that overlap slightly and slide up and down inside the frame. The two parts are not necessarily the same size.

Double hung windows

Their shutters move either horizontally or vertically.

Sliding Windows

A casement window to its frame by one or more hinges.. They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame.

Casement Window

A sash window or hung sash window is made of one or more movable panels or "sashes" that form a frame to hold panes of glass, which are often separated from other panes (or "lights") by narrow muntins

Sash Window

A louver is a window, blind with horizontal slats that are angled to admit light and air, but to keep out rain, direct sunshine, and noise. The angle of the slats may be adjustable, usually in blinds and windows, or fixed.

Louvred Window

Metal windows, made up of mild steel having lesser cost and more strength.

Metal Windows

A multi-panel window, with at least three panels set at different angles to create a protrusion from the wall line.

Bay Window

These are provided in a room which has greater ceiling height than the surrounding rooms

Clere Storey Window

This type of window has two faces in perpendicular directions and these are provided in the corner of room.

Corner Window

Dormer window is a window provided on the sloping roof as shown in fig.

Dormer window

It is a vertical window provided in the gable end of a pitched roof.

Gable Window

Such windows are provided over the flat roof, to provide more light and air to the inner room. The windows project above the roof level.

Lantern Window

Ventilators are small windows, fixed at a greater height than the window, generally about 30 t0 50 cm below roof level.

Ventilators

INSTALLING DOOR FRAMES

Frames which are improperly built-in can cause problems later, when the plastering is done or the doors are hung. Therefore we must give special attention to setting the frames properly.A door frame should be fixed in such a way that the door can open flat to the wall. Otherwise, the door will form a lever to the frame, and the hinges will be forced out when the door swings wide open suddenly.Door frames can be fixed in position either during the masonry construction or after the walling has been completed.

INSTALLING WINDOW FRAMES

Installing window frames is similar to installing door frames (see Door Frames section). A window frame should be fixed in such a way that the casement can open flat to the wall, otherwise the casement will forui a lever with the edge of the wall. This can cause the hinges to be forced out when the window is blown open by the wind.Window frames can be installed either during the construction of the walls, or after the walling has been completed.