Literature Review Paul Derwin

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Course Code / Year DT 018 year 1

Module Research & Methodology

Lecturer Mr. Martan Barrett

Student Name Paul Derwin

Student Number D07114349

Assignment No. 2

Submission Date 19/10/2011

Department Stamp

Where Necessary

Literature Review Paul Derwin

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Declaration

I hereby certify that the material, which is submitted in this assignment/project, is

entirely my own work and has not been submitted for any academic assessment

other than as part fulfillment of the assessment procedures for the program

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Services and Energy Management (BSc (Hons))

(DT 018).

Signature of student:…………….………

Date:…………………………

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Table of Contents

Declaration ....................................................................................................................... 2

1.0 Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 4

1.3 T5 Lamp Performance ............................................................................................. 5

1.4 Energy Saving Measures.......................................................................................... 5

1.5 Public Sector Investment Programme ................................................................. 6

1.6 Building Energy Rating ............................................................................................ 6

1.7 Building Regulations................................................................................................ 7

1.8 Energy Policy Framework 2007-2020 ................................................................. 7

1.9 Simple Payback Method .......................................................................................... 8

Supporting Literature and References ....................................................................... 9

Bibliography..................................................................................................................... 9

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1.0 Literature Review

1.1 Introduction

The purpose of this literature review is to provide relevant information on the

current standards, codes of practice and previous case studies carried out in the

area of energy saving measures in the main DIT Kevin St. building. Energy

saving measures that this review will be based on will be lighting and lighting

control measures and energy awareness. The information obtained for this

literature review will be from the most relevant books, journals, articles, website,

conferences as well as past and peer reviewed papers regarding lighting

controls. The use of these information sources will help research questions for

this study. Lighting controls have been used in all types of buildings; (domestic

commercial and industrial), allowing buildings to save energy and reduce their

carbon footprint. Lighting controls such as daylight controls (photocells) or

occupancy sensors (PIR’s) are amongst the most common type of controls used,

along with maximizing daylight levels.

1.2 Energy Saving Measures

Energy saving measures will include

Lighting control measures using occupancy sensors

Lighting control measures using photocells

Over hall of existing light fittings for more efficient types

Introduction of T5 lamps

Use of dimmable ballasts

Programming of group lighting

Emergency light fittings to be upgraded to more efficient LED type fittings

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1.3 T5 Lamp Performance

Figure 1 T5 Lamp Performance, By Joe Knisley, Senior Editorial Consultant ,

ECM buyers guide

1.4 Energy Saving Measures

Daylight Available? No Yes

Local switching

Time switching

Presence detection

Daylight switching

Presence detection

Local switching

Time switching

Figure 2. Flow chart displaying energy saving measures (4)

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1.5 Public Sector Investment Programme

This programme aims to stimulate the application of improved energy efficiency

design strategies, technologies and services in public sector building construction

and retrofit projects. It facilitates the delivery of significant energy efficiency

improvements in the design and specification of new-build and refurbishment

construction. The programme is in the process of establishing energy management

bureau to encourage the provision of contracted energy control and management

for public sector buildings, which lack the scope to provide the service from internal

resources, and help public sector organization’s to manage their energy

consumption and costs. Two bureaus are now fully operational. The first is located

in the Office of Public Works, covering over 150 of the largest buildings in the

central Government offices estate; the second covers the main third level colleges in

Dublin; UCD, Trinity, Dublin Institute of Technology and Dublin City University.

(Department of Environment 2006)

1.6 Building Energy Rating

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive requires that a BER certificate be

displayed in all public service building, including existing older public buildings.

This will become fully operative from 1 January 2009. (Department of Environment

2006)

The building energy rating can be determined by many factors such as the type of

insulation, ventilation and heating system and the level and type of lighting and

energy efficient bulbs used. Ratings are given with the highest being A and the

lowest E.

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1.7 Building Regulations

One of the most relevant pieces of legislation within the building regulations is:

Approved Document L – Conservation of fuel and power, which includes

limits on the energy efficiency of lighting i n domestic and non-domestic

buildings.

Approved Document L Part L requires that energy efficient lighting be used in

both domestic (Part L1) and non-domestic (Part L2) buildings. The regulations

currently apply to all new buildings and refurbishments of over 100m2 floor area.

The document provides design information in the following areas for non-

domestic buildings:

Effective use of daylight

Selection of lamp types

Associated control gear and power factor correction

Luminaire efficiency

Use of lighting controls. (Cooper LS 2006)

1.8 Energy Policy Framework 2007-2020

I.S. 393, the Irish Standard for Energy Management, was designed to

promote energy consciousness in all aspects of business, from design and

specification, through procurement, operation and maintenance. Properly

applied, it can ensure that there are practical principles, which can give

effect to a company’s energy/environmental policy, and can assist all staff

to contribute towards better control of energy use.

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Electricity Demand Side Management (DSM) programmes have a key role

to play in delivering energy efficiency by enabling suppliers, ESB

Networks and EirGrid to plan better and to manage and modify customer

demand. DSM also involves equipping consumers with the data and the

means to monitor, manage and reduce their electricity demand.

(department of communications marine and natural resources 2007)

1.9 Simple Payback Method

A Simple Payback method will have to be carried out to estimate the length of

time it will take to pay back the installation costs. The annual energy savings cost

will have to be calculated to determine how many years it will take to pay back

the installation costs

Payback Period (in years) = Initial Investment Cost / Annual Operating Savings

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Supporting Literature and References

Bibliography

Cooper Lighting and Saftey, Cooper Lighting and Saftey, viewed 26 october 2011,

<http://www.menvier.co.uk/downloads/cc1231 building regs.pdf>.

Cooper LS 2006, Building Regulations, viewed 29 october 2011,

<http://www.cooper-ls.com/sites/cooper-

ls.com/files/design_guides/downloads/cooper-ls-599-building-regulations.pdf>.

department of communications marine and natural resources 2007, Energy Policy

2007-2020, viewed 30 october 2011, <Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.>.

Department of Environment 2006, Irelands Pathway to Kyoto Compliance, viewed 1

november 2011,

<http://www.environ.ie/en/Publications/Environment/Atmosphere/FileDownloa

d,1289,en.pdf>.

Department of the Environment 2007, Ireland national climate change strategy

2007-2012, viewed 27 october 2011,

<http://www.environ.ie/en/Publicatons/Environment/Atmosphere/FileDownload,

1861,en.pdf>.

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