Done Edited
-
Upload
syurga-fathonah -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Done Edited
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
1/33
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
2/33
A sensor is a device that measures aphysical quantity and converts it into a signalwhich can be read by an observer or by aninstrument.
For example, a mercury-in-glassthermometer converts the measuredtemperature into expansion and contractionof a liquid which can be read on a calibrated
glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an
output voltage which can be read bya voltmeter.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
3/33
A good sensor obeys the following rules:
Is sensitive to the measured property
Is insensitive to any other property likely to
be encountered in its application
Does not influence the measured property
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
4/33
MEASURAND PressureCONVERSION Physical transformation
SENSOR MATERIAL Liquid
APPLICATION Automotive
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
5/33
A pressure sensor measures pressure, typically of
gases or liquids.
Pressure is an expression of the force required to
stop a fluid from expanding, and is usually stated in
terms of force per unit area.
A pressure sensor usually acts as a transducer; it
generates a signal as a function of the pressure
imposed.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
6/33
Automotive- Pressure sensors can be placed on the bottom of a silo or tank
in order to monitor how full or empty it is by measuring &
monitoring the pressure while knowing the volume & liquid density.
Utilizing digital display controller, PLC, computer, or data
acquisition sensor, you can measure and control the weight of the
amount dispensed and/or the flow of liquid during the automation
process.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
7/33
- American Sensor Technologies, Inc. can package its
AST3100 pressure sensor for automotive applications including
Formula One, NASCAR, and LeMans. This series is compact and
lightweight. It will withstand the high vibration, high ambient
temperatures and any salt or water spray conditions of the
engine bay.
- The AST3100 series pressure sensors are digitally
compensated to gauge, compound gauge or absolute pressure
ranges depending on the application. AST can also offercustom configurations to satisfy any mechanical or electrical
requirements for OEM applications.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
8/33
Hydraulic systems
Using pressure sensors will also allow the operator to fully control the
mechanical devices and apply known high force or load effortlessly. Thepressure sensor can also be used to monitor the hydraulic fluid level for
preventive maintenance. If and when the fluid pressure begins to reach an
unsafe level, the user would be notified.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
9/33
Physical transformation ( Underwater explosion phenomena)
- Currently, underwater shock wave is measured by pressure sensor,
using tourmaline.
- However, this method cannot sustain underwater shock pressure higher
than 20 MPa. To realize a pressure sensor which can sustain underwater shockpressure higher than 100 MPa, we developed a pressure sensor using
fluoropolymer as the sensing element.
- To understand the destructive effects of underwater explosion
phenomena, it is necessary to accurately measure bubble pulse, as well as
underwater shock waves. Precise measurements of peak pressure and
impulse of bubble pulse, as well as underwater shock waves, were performedby pressure sensor using fluoropolymer.
- The experimental results show that the peak pressure of bubble pulse
is about 1530% of the peak pressure of the shock wave, but the impulse ofbubble pulse is about 1.52.5 times bigger than that of shock wave, within
the measured scaled distance range.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
10/33
MEASURAND Biochemical
CONVERSION PHENOMENA Electrochemical
MATERIAL Biologically Active Material
FIELDS OF APPLICATION Health/Medical
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
11/33
Consists of two components:
bioreceptor
transducer
Bioreceptor
is a biomolecule that recognizes the target
analyte whereas the
Transducer
converts the recognition event into a measurable
signal. The uniqueness of a biosensor is that the
two components are integrated into one single
sensor
Biosensor = bioreceptor + transducer
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
12/33
Biosensors are most often used to detect
molecules of biological origin, based on
specific interactions.
This medical telesensor chip on a
Fingertip can measure and transmitbody temperature
Schematic of a microcantilever sensor,
which can be adapted to detect physical,
chemical, or biological activity
Schematic diagram of
a biosensor device
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
13/33
A biosensor is a device which consists of a
biologically or biophysically-derived sensing
element (usually named bio receptor) integrated
with a physical transducer that transforms a
measurand into an output signal
convert a biochemical signal into a quantifiable electrical signal
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
14/33
Conventional Transducers- one type of transducers for
converting the action of the bioreceptor molecule intomeasurable signal:
Electrochemical
translate a chemical event to an electrical event bymeasuring current passed (amperometric = most common),
potential change between electrodes, etc.
Oxidation reaction of the reduced chemical species Cred:
AMPEROMETRY (based on H2O2 or O2 measurement)
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
15/33
Exampl : Gl s s s r as xi ati fper xi e (most ommer ial evi es)
gl oseoxi ase (GOD)
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
16/33
Biosensors are chemical sensors that takeadvantage of the high selectivity and sensitivityof a biologically active material.
It is well known that the resonant frequency ofan oscillating piezoelectric crystal can beaffected by a change in mass at the crystalsurface.
Piezoelectric immunosensors are able to measurea small change in mass. This paper describes theconstruction of an antibody-based piezoelectricsensor capable of detecting mycobacterialantigen in diluted cultures of attenuated M.tuberculosis.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
17/33
Artificial
Pancreas
Insulin
Therapy
Diabetes
generally recognized that
measurements of blood gases,
ions and metabolites are often
essential and allow a betterestimation of the metabolic
state of a patient
Example:Patients frequently show rapid
variations in biochemical levels
that require an urgent remedialaction.
HEALTH
CAREMeasurement
of
Metabolites
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
18/33
MEASURAND Sensor Technology: Distance
CONVERSION PHENOMENA Chemicaltransformation
MATERIAL Organic: Piezoelectric Crystal(Electrostriction)
FIELDS OF APPLICATION medicine
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
19/33
Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves
and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor.
To fulfill this function device is the ultrasonic sensor,
customarily referred to as ultrasonic transducer, or
ultrasonic probe.Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the
signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to
an object.
What it is?
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
20/33
generates sound
waves in the
ultrasonic range
turning
electricalenergy into
sound
Upon receiving
the echo
turn the soundwaves intoelectrical
energy
measured and
displayed
use a transducer
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
21/33
Ultrasonic vibration frequency is more than
20000Hz sound
its frequency of vibration per second is high,
exceeding the upper limit of human hearingmeasuring speed or direction a device uses
multiple detectors and calculates the speed
from the relative distances to particulates in
the air or water
distance
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
22/33
piezoelectric crystal (electrostriction)
composed of a reversible ultrasonic sensors
converted into electrical energy to mechanical
vibration and ultrasonic wave generation receives the ultrasound and be converted into
electrical energy
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
23/33
Piezoelectric transducers are now made of
ceramic as the material
easier to produce in various shapes, low
voltage, and efficient piezoelectricproperties.
Ceramic piezoelectric transducers can also
withstand temperatures up to 300C
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
24/33
Medical ultrasonic transducers (probes) come in
a variety of different shapes and sizes .
use in making pictures of different parts of the
body. transducer may be passed over the surface of the
body or inserted into a body opening such as the
rectum or vagina.
Use in medicine
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
25/33
advantages of
ultrasonics
Measures and
detects distancesto moving objects
Impervious to
target materials,surface and color
Solid-state units have
virtually unlimited,maintenance-free
lifespan
Detects smallobjects over long
operating
distances
Ultrasonic sensors are
not affected by dust,
dirt or high-moistureenvironments
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
26/33
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
27/33
Parking Radar system is a systemthat very useful in our daily life.This system can help many people by
act as their eyes while they cannotsee any obstacle behind their car.
System is a safety device thataccurately detects all objects, aschildren, toys, pets, another autos,etc. that are behind your vehiclewhile you back up. The beeping aswell as LCD display inside the carwarns the driver of the danger and
prevents a potential accident.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
28/33
Depending on the speed of the vehicle and the
distance to the obstacle, the system will warn
the driver by visual and/or audible means
about the risk of collision.
The feedback to the driver will generallyindicate the direction and proximity of the
obstacle. Warnings are deactivated when the
vehicle exceeds a certain speed, and can be
switched off for situations such as stopand
go traffic.
The frequency of the beep indicates distance
from an obstruction, with the beeps becoming
faster the closer the vehicle moves to an
object. A continuous tone may be heard when
the vehicle is extremely close, often warning a
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
29/33
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
30/33
Sensors calculate the time interval
between sending the signal and
receiving the echo to determine the
distance to an object.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
31/33
The piezoelectric effect occurs only
in non conductive materials.
Piezoelectric materials can be divided
in 2 main groups: crystals andceramics. The most wellknown
piezoelectric material is quartz
(SiO2).
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
32/33
Transducer generates sound waves in the
ultrasonic range, above 20,000 hertz, by
turning electrical energy into sound, then
upon receiving the echo turn the sound
waves into electrical energy which can be
measured and displayed.
-
8/6/2019 Done Edited
33/33
Automotive
Intelligent Parking Assist System
~The initial version of the IntelligentParking Assist System, launched in
2003, was designed for reverse
parallel parking.
~Driver intervention was notrequired, as the system estimated
the size of the parking space.
~Done by an onboard computer which
used a camera built into the forward