DomoticsDomotics or smart home technology is the integration of services and technologies, applied to homes, flats, apartments, houses and small buildings with the purpose of automating them and obtaining an increase in:• safety and security - • comfort - • communication - • technical management

Domotic Systems• Safety and Security

Security alarm, memory aids for medication, alarm when falling,…

• Comfort and Self-care

Automatic control of doors, windows, elevator• Communication

Intercom, fax, video surveillance, teleshopping• Property management

Control/management of heating, lighting, ventilation, maintenance,…

Projects on Home Bus systems in the European Telematics programme 1995-2000

Name and Field of application________________________________________________________________________

ACTION

Needs survey and knowledge-based system and technology deliverables

CASA

Home automation service concept for the Elderly and Disabled

FACILE

Support tools for house design and management devoted to Elderly after rehabilitation

HOMEBRAIN

Home applications: Optimum multimedia/multimodal system for environmental control

HEPHAISTOS

Interface for control of domestic appliances for Elderly and Disabled

HS-ADEPT

Homebus architecture for Elderly and Disabled

MOSAIC-HS

“plug-&-play” approach to bus systems in work/life situations

Horizontal Projects: HEART, COST, USER, INCLUDE, INUSE, MEGATAC, USINACTS

Home utilities

• Heating• Water• Gas• Electricity• Telephone• Cable• Antenna/disc• Ventilation• Camera surveillance

Home appliances

• Cooking/food preparation• Cleaning• Self-care• Entertainment• Communication• Washing

Industrial types

Hot, wet, cold

Hot: ovens, stoves (gas, elelctric, induction,..)

Wet: washing machine, dryer, dry-spinner

Cold: refrigerator, freezer

No common elements between these products, except the mains plug

Universal control

• Control of all appliances and services in the home requires a messaging system, and a network, called a bus

• Messaging is more than switching; bidirectional information flow is necessary, to monitor state of devices

Carriers for a bus

• Ultrasound (obsolete)• RF, radio frequency, mostly FM• IR (Infra red; most remote controls, RC5)• TP, twisted pair• PL, Power Line• OF, Optical fibre• CX, co-axial• Wireless digital Spread Spectrum techniques

ISO-OSI interconnection model

Physical layer

  This layer defines the methods used to transmit and receive data on the network. It consists of the wiring, the devices that are used to connect a station's network interface controller to the wiring, the signaling involved to transmit/receive data, and the ability to detect signaling errors on the network media. Protocols: ISO 2110, IEEE 802, IEEE 802.2.

Data link layerThis layer synchronizes transmission and handles frame-level error control and recovery so that information can be transmitted over the physical layer. The frame formatting and the CRC (cyclic redundancy check, which checks for errors in the whole frame) are accomplished at this layer. This layer performs the access methods known as Ethernet and Token Ring. It also provides the physical layer addressing for transmitted frame. Protocols: SLIP, CSLIP, PPP MTU.

Network layer

This layer controls the forwarding of messages between stations. On the basis of certain information, this layer will allow data to flow sequentially between two stations in the most economical path both logically and physically. This layer allows units of data to be transmitted to other networks though the use of special devices known as routers. Routers are defined at this layer. Protocols: IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP, RIP, OSPF, BGP, IGMP.

Transport layer

This layer provides for end-to-end transmission of data. It allows data to be transferred reliably (i.e., with a guarantee that it will be delievered in the same order that it was sent). It ensures that data is transmitted or received without error, in the correct order (received in the same order as it was sent), and in a timely manner. Protocols: TCP, UDP.

Session layer

This layer establishes, maintains, and disconnects a communications link between two stations on a network. This layer is also responsible for name-to-station address translation. (This is the same as placing a call to someone on the phone with knowing only his/her name. You must have his/her phone number in order to establish a connection).

Presentation layer

This layer is responsible for data translation (format of the data) and data encryption (scrambling and descrambling the data as it is transmitted and received). It is not always inplemented in a network protocol.

Application layer

This layer is used for those applications that are specifically written to run over the network. Example applications such as file transfer, terminal emulation, electronic mail, and NetBIOS-based applications. Protocols: DNS, TFTP, BOOTP, SNMP, RLOGIN, FTP, SMTP, MIME, NFS, FINGER.

EHF(m

illi-wave)SHF

(micro-wave)

VHFUHF

UHFW

ired LAN

Middle Speed 2.4GHz Range LAN

High Speed5GHz Range LAN

Very High Speed60 GHz Range LAN

4Mbps/16MbpsToken RingIEEE 802.5

10MbpsEthernet

IEEE 802.3

25/52/100MbpsATM-LAN

(ATM Forum)

100MbpsFast EthernetIEEE 802.3u

156/622 MbpsATM-LAN

(ATM Forum)

1000MbpsGigabit Ethernet

IEEE 802.3z, 802.3ab

Bandwidth

Frequency

IEEE802.111Mbps/2Mbps

IEEE802.11b5.5Mbps/11Mbps

(1)IEEE 802.11a 6/12/24Mbps

(2)HIPERLAN (ETSI BRAN)Type ½: 23.5/25Mbps

(3)WATM (ATM Forum) 25Mbps

19GHz range LAN10Mbps (ARIB)

(1) 156MbpsMMAC(Japan)

(2) 156MbpsMEDIAN (German)

300GHz

30GHz

3GHz

300MHz

1GHz

The bus, what next?

• Any bus system is just a messaging system over a network.

• The system does not ‘know’ the state of the house; it is not a control system.

• To ‘run’ the house, intelligence, a knowledge system, or rule system is needed.

Bus problems

• Power outages, critical duration

• Initialization of new equipment

• Adoption of new properties of new equipment

• Cost of cable installation

• Safety concerns (PL)

• Dealing with ‘dumb’ appliances

Bus problems

• extensibility

• maintainability

• no bus system has a standard for the user interface; there is no typical ‘look &feel’ control device

Understanding problems

What is the communication type between house/products/services and the user?

• Auditory signaling (confusion)

• Light signaling

• Spoken information

• Visual information on custom displays, or TV

False alarms

• Re-entry without reset, security-related system reset under stress

• Switching on lights without reason

• Switching off light without reason

• Accidentally setting off alarm