Dominic Sikuka - ESI-Africa.com · 2019-09-02 · GRP Manufacturing processes ... Reka Coupling...
Transcript of Dominic Sikuka - ESI-Africa.com · 2019-09-02 · GRP Manufacturing processes ... Reka Coupling...
THE FUTURE-WATER & SEWER TRANSFER IN GRP
• Transfer mode
• History of GRP pipes
• Raw materials
• Manufacturing processes
• Joints
• Comparisons
• Installation- Case study
• GRP key aspects
MODE OF TRANSFER
• Wood- Low Pressure
• Canals- Gravity• PVC- Low Pressure
• HDPE- Low Pressure
• PVC- Low Pressure
• AC- Low Pressure
• STEEL- High Pressure
•• GRPGRP-- LowLow-- Medium Pressure Medium Pressure
GRP - History
First GRP pipe in 1950
GRP pipe for Water and Sewer in 1960
First pipes South Africa – 1992 (Vectus)
First pipes in Botswana – 1994 (Flowtite)
COMPOSITE MATERIAL USAGES
•Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or more constitu ent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure.
Boeing 777 – 50% Aluminium, 12% Composites
Boeing 787 Dream liner –15% Aluminium, 50% Composites
GRP Manufacturing Processes
Glassfibre
(70%)
• Strength
• Stiffness
Polyester Resin
(30%)
• Transfer of loads
• Protects Fibres
• Chemical Resistance
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
• Fillers-Sand
• Pigment -colour
• Thermoplastics• - PVC
• - HDPE
• Thermosets• - Polyester Resins
• - Epoxy Resin
Materials - Resins
GRP Manufacturing processes
Centrifugally Cast Chopped Glass
• 6m COD
• Low/Medium Pressure
Continuous Filament Winding
• Flowtite
• 12-18m COD
• Medium/High Pressure
Discontinuous Filament Winding
• Vectus (Sarplast)
• 12 m CID
• Multi diameter
• Medium/High Pressure
Other Approved Joining Methods:
Reka CouplingReka Coupling Glass Lamination
Flanged Stub Flange
Flexible Coupling• Mechanical Couplings:
� Viking Johnson/Helden
� Klamflex
� Locally manufactured
� clones
GRP – Strength to Mass Comparison
10.9
26
42.5
74.6
41.7
87.9
0102030405060708090
100U
nit M
ass
(Kg/
m)
GR
P
PV
C
HD
PE
F.C
.
ST
EE
L
CO
NC
R.
LIN
ED
ST
EE
L
Dia. 400 mm; P= 10 bar
Physical Characteristics of Pipes
Parameter AC/FC Concrete Steel HDPE PVC GRP
Tensile Strength
(Hoop)
(MPa)
24 15 414 24 48 280
Youngs Elast. Mod.
(Hoop)
(GPa)
25 20 207 0.9 3 25
Coeff. Of Thermal Expansion
(m/m°C)10-5
0.9 1.4 1.2 20 7 1.6
Surface Roughness
(µµµµm)400 3000 800 40 50 50
…then bend to fit required radius
Slight bends in the pipeline can be made by deflecting successive pipe sections at the coupling.
Using shorter sections allows a tighter radius in the bend.
Angular deflection
Connection to rigid structures
Max. 25 mmShort pipe section:
Max. 2 m or 2xDNMin. 1 m or 1xDN
Max. 45°°°°
Greater of D/2 and 400 mm
Manufactured Fittings
• Elbows
• Branches
• Tees
• Eccentric
Reducers
• Concentric
Reducers
• Flanges
• Saddles
• Bends, any angle
• Drainage fittings
KEY ASPECTS TO CONSIDER
� Over all cost savings of up to 30- 40 % against Steel or DI alternatives.
� Low coefficient of friction� - Smaller diameters� - Energy saving
� Corrosion resistant� - No maintenance
� Easy handling and installation� - Low mass� - Easy jointing� - Testing of joints� - Nesting during transport
� Design flexibility