Doing research differently for food security outcomes

Tackling wicked problems – doing research differently

Bruce Campbell, Program Director, CCAFS

1.  The global challenges 2.  Research approaches

1. Food security challenge

Best performance

Needs improvement

805 million undernourished people in the world today

e.g. Dry bean production 2050

Percentage change

RCP8.5

80 60 40 5 -5 -20 -40 -60 -80

2. Adaptation challenge

Natural Catastrophes Worldwide Climatological events (extreme temperature, drought, forest fire)

Hydrological events (flood, mass movement) Meteorological events (storm) Geophysical events (earthquake, tsunami ….)

3. Mitigation challenge

19-29% global

GHGs from food

systems

Climate smart agriculture

Productivity

Mitigation Adaptation Resilience Emissions

Climate risk à long term adaptation

Global negotiators Regional economic communities

National policies Local planning Farmers fields

Global Alliance

for Climate-Smart

Alliance (GACSA)

Alternate-‐We*ng-‐and-‐Drying (AWD)

30% water

20-‐50% GHG

Without compromising yield

•  Keep flooded for 1st 15 days and at flowering

•  Irrigate when water drops to 15 cm below the surface

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16 15.0

8.7

-42%

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16

t CO

2-eq

/ ha

4.9 3.9

-20%

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16

-22% -28%

6.0 4.7

6.4 4.6

Hilly mid-slopes Delta low-lying

Summer-Autumn

Winter-Spring

Sander et al. in press IRRI

AWD Conventional

No blanket recommendations

Not CSA CSA

Many practices/programs/policies can be CSA somewhere

But none are likely CSA everywhere

Rosenstock et al. unpublished

Context

2. Research approaches

2. Climate information services and climate-informed safety nets

4. Policies and institutions for climate-resilient food systems

1. Climate smart technologies, practices,

and portfolios

Regional Programs

Regional and Flagship Leaders: Agents of Change

Major Partners

10 Principles

1.  Negotiating complexity à Leverage 2.  Three-thirds principle 3.  Co-learning 4.  Measurable capacity enhancement 5.  Joining in 6.  Internal learning 7.  Active communicators 8.  ………

1. Negotiating complexity à Leverage

Priority setting

2. Three-Thirds Principle

Engaging with partners to decide what needs to be done and how ⅓

⅓ ⅓ Doing the actual research

Strengthening capacity of next users to use and communicate the results of the research in order to achieve outcomes

Fullana I, Palmer P, et al 2011

Policy & Institutional

Change

CSA Implimentation

Working with partners to drive implementation

Working with partners to understand what

works for policy Working with

partners to foster institutional change

Working with partners to understand what works

for implementation

3. Co-learning

”Climate-smart villages”

CGIAR

•  Improved index insurance products for > 50,000 farmers in India

Senegal: Climate information services

•  Male and female farmers •  Indigenous & scientific •  Probabilistic seasonal forecasts •  3.9 million farmers

4. Measurable capacity enhancement

•  Youth and Small Entrepreneur Self-Employment Fund, Ministry of Finance, Government of Nepal

•  Target: 10,000 women trained on CC adaptation

5. Joining in

•  Start from outcome sought by external stakeholders §  E.g. “enhance the resilience of 500 million people in

agriculture by 2030” •  Theory of change •  Program targets, indicators, annual milestones

2015 2016 2019 2025

4 +525 national and subnational major development

initiatives and public institutions prioritize and inform project implementation of equitable best bet CSA options using CCAFS science and decision support tools

2 +3

15 public-‐private actors at national and subnational

levels are using incentive mechanisms and new business models/ markets that explicitly promote equitable climate smart approaches along the value chain, using CCAFS science

2 +315 major regional, national, and sub-‐national

institutions develop or improve major demand-‐driven, equitable, climate informed services supporting rural communities using CCAFS research outputs

2 +215 mio. US$ increase, relative to 2014, in research-‐

informed demand-‐driven investments in climate services for agriculture and food security decision-‐making, based on CCAFS science and engagement.

Flagship Project 1

: Fla

gship Project 2

: Clim

ate-‐sm

art a

gricu

ltural

practic

es

30 mio. farmers, at

least 12 mio. of

whom are women, with strengthened

adaptive capacity and food security as a

result of programmatic CSA investment.

Clim

ate inform

ation service

s and

climate-‐inform

ed sa

fety nets 30 mio. farmers

(mio.), 12 mio. of

whom are women, with improved

capacity to adapt to climate related risk by accessing research-‐informed climate

services and/or well-‐targeted safety nets.

6. Internal Learning

Results-based management

2025 Flagship Outcomes

2025 Regional Outcomes

2019 Flagship Outcomes

2019 Regional Outcomes

Cluster of Activities



Project

Project

Project

Project

Project

Project

Project

Project

Internal learning (cont)

•  Results-based management

•  Annual reflection

•  Ex-post Impact Assessment

7. Active communicators

Outcomes from Shamba Shape Up 428,566 farmers made changes to

maize or dairy practices US$ 24 million net economic impact in

25 counties

Conclusions

•  Scientific credibility •  Three major challenges •  Changing research models

Thank you

www.ccafs.cgiar.org @cgiarclimate @bcampbell_CGIAR

Doing research differently for food security outcomes

Science

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