Does media content analysis create knowledge?
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6/27/14
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Does media content analysis create knowledge?
John P. Girard, Ph.D. Minot State University
GLOBE
ò GLOBE: Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness
ò Project extends and integrates previous analyses of cultural attributes and variables
ò Evaluates nine different cultural attributes using middle managers from 951 organizations in 62 countries
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GLOBE
ò Multi-cultural team of 170 scholars from around the world worked together to survey 17,000 managers in 3 industries: financial services, food processing, and telecommunications
ò Covered every major geographic region of the world
www.grovewell.com/GLOBE.
GLOBE Leadership Dimensions
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Singapore
China
Japan
USA
UK
Autonomous Humane-Oriented Participative
Self-Protective Team-Oriented Charismatic/Value-based
GLOBE Phase 2 Aggregated Societal Level Data for Leadership Scales: May 17, 2004
http://business.nmsu.edu/programs-centers/globe/instruments/
The autonomous style is characterized by an independent, individualistic, and self-centric approach to leadership.
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Singapore
China
Japan
USA
UK
Autonomous
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The humane style stresses compassion and generosity; and it is patient, supportive, and concerned with the well-being of others.
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Singapore
China
Japan
USA
UK
Humane Oriented
The participative style encourages input from others in decision-making and implementation; and emphasizes delegation and equality.
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Singapore
China
Japan
USA
UK
Participative
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The self-protective (and group-protective) style emphasizes procedural, status-conscious, and 'face-saving' behaviors; and focuses on the safety and security of the individual and the group
0.00 0.50
1.00 1.50
2.00 2.50
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4.00
Singapore
China
Japan
USA
UK
Self-Protective
The team-oriented style instills pride, loyalty, and collaboration among organizational members; and highly values team cohesiveness and a common purpose or goals.
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Singapore
China
Japan
USA
UK
Team-oriented
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The charismatic/value-based stresses high standards, decisiveness, and innovation; seeks to inspire people around a vision; creates a passion among them to perform; and does so by firmly holding on to core values.
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Singapore
China
Japan
USA
UK
Charismatic / Value-based
Semester at Sea – Spring 2013 627 Students
75 Faculty & Staff 50 Family Members
50 Life Long Leaners
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Semester at Sea – Spring 2013 106 Days 16 Cities
12 Countries
Global Comparative Leadership
Is there a difference between the leadership styles of leaders in one country compared to
another?
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Media Content Analysis
Code Scheme
Sampling
Coder Training
Code
Analyse
Common tool in social sciences
Physical Newspapers
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Virtual Newspapers
Newspapers
Daily Yomiuri
China Daily
Straits Times
The Times
USA Today
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Analyzed 215 Examples
USA China Japan Singapore UK Charisma>c 16 3 10 4 7 Team-‐oriented 11 9 16 8 8 Par>cipa>ve 9 3 6 2 3 Humane 8 1 20 5 3 Autonomous 8 3 5 2 7 Self-‐protec>ve 14 3 9 4 8
Visual Check
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Charismatic Team-oriented Participative Humane Autonomous Self-protective
USA China Japan Singapore UK
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Comparing Multiple Independent Samples Sample size Sum of Ranks
USA 6 142.5 China 6 50. Japan 6 133. Singapore 6 57.5 UK 6 82. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA H 15.65699 N 30 Degrees Of Freedom 4 p-level 0.00352 H (corrected) 15.88313
Median Test Overall Median 7. Chi-square 12.66667 p-level 0.01302
Summary
ò Is there a difference between the leadership styles of leaders in one country compared to another?
ò Future:
ò Post hoc analysis
ò Compare to previous GLOBE
ò Compare to computer coding
Perhaps
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Limitations
ò Snapshot in time
ò Limited time to collect data
ò Intra-coder Reliability
Does media content analysis create knowledge?
Huge potential as a tool … if used wisely.
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References
ò Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C., and House, R.J. (Eds.). (2007). Culture and Leadership Across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies, Psychology Press.
ò Franzosi, R. (2010). Quantitative narrative analysis. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE. ò Gannon, M. J., & Pillai, R. (2010). Understanding global cultures: Metaphorical journeys
through 29 nations, clusters of nations, continents, and diversity. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE. ò Girard, J., Brizzi, G., Drake, D., Graham, M., Kosmider, C., & Lloyd, R (2014). Does Leadership
Style Differ by Country? A Media Context Analysis, Academy of Business Research Journal, Vol II, p.13-19.
ò Holstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. (2012). Varieties of narrative analysis. Los Angeles: Sage. ò House, R.J., Hanges, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W., and Gupta V. (Eds.) (2004). Culture,
Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA. ò Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks,
Calif: Sage. ò Krippendorff, K., & Bock, M. A. (2009). The content analysis reader. Thousand Oaks, Calif:
Sage Publications. ò Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage
Publications. ò Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage Publications.