Conus kahiko Kohn, 1980

Pictures:Picture Link: Paratype AMNH Mike Filmer

Published in: J. Paleont. 54 (3), 534 figs. Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Ulupoa Head, HawaiiType Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 26.6 x 17.9 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym of Conus chaldaeus Röding, 1798; Probably a fossilCurrent Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name kahiko

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Conus kaiserae Tenorio, Tucker & Chaney, 2012

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Manuel Tenorio

Published in: The Cones of the Eastern Pacific: p. 42, pls. 249 & 302Ocean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: off Isla Manuelita, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica (West coast), (gravel & sand bottom 110 mtrs)Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 21.0 x 9.6 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Dauciconus Species:-kaiserae Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Known only from Isla del CocoHabitat:-Found at depths of 20-100 on sand and gravelDescription:-Source Original descriptionOnly the earliest spire whorls are coronate; the spire whorl tops have two to three spiral cords that may fade in middle spire whorls; the spire profile is concave; The whorl tops are at first flat in cross section but become progressively more concave in middle and outer spire whorls; coloration consists of two orange to yellow-orange bands, with one beginning just anterior to the shoulder angle and ending posterior to midbody; the second begins just anterior to midbody and ends posterior to the anterior end; the two bands are interconnected by regularly spaced longitudinal lines at midbody and at the shoulder angle but not at the anterior end.The shoulder is angular. The sides are just slightly convex but nearly straight. The general appearance thus becomes one of a small moderately elongated conical shell with a concave spire profile. The coloration on the body whorl consists of two bands that are some shade of light brown, tan, or orange-tan. Interrupted or entire spiral lines are not included in the color pattern. There are regularly spaced brown longitudinal markings inside the white areas just anterior to the shoulder angle and in the midbody white area. The light colored region at the

anterior end has a distinct lavender tint in fresh specimens. In fresh specimens, colors are distinctly shaded by lavender, but this coloration may fade after cleaning. The pattern on the spire consists of brown markings leaving patches of white on the whorl tops. Except at the shoulder angle these markings are the same color shade as the color bands located on the body whorl. The interior of the aperture is white to blue-white. The body whorl is smooth and unornamented except for a few sulci on the anterior quarter of the shell.Discussion:-

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Conus kalafuti da Motta, 1987

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 9, p. 42, f. 1a & bOcean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: N. W. Roatan Island, Honduras; 35-40 ft on coral rubbleType Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 15 x 8 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Purpuriconus Species:-kalafuti Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-HondurasHabitat:-Found on algae at depths of 10-15 mDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell small, up to 15mm, with a spire consisting of 6 whorls; a two whorl white protoconch; whorl tops flat except for last two somewhat concave with a folded edge. Shoulder is angulate and sharply carinate; Body whorl is smooth and glossy; ground colour golden yellow with white middle band interrupted by brown spots. Some specimens plain yellow. The spire is white with brown strands in radial pattern. Occasionally white blotches on main whorl. Aperture widens at anterior and inside is yellowish.Discussion:-C. kalafuti is most similar to C. sahlbergi from the Bahamas. It has a low spire with roseate protoconch; its whorl tops are flat except for concave lst two which have arcuate striae; it has many colour forms not just the golden yellow of C. kalafuti and has no markings.Local juvenile C. daucus are orange or yellow with pink protoconch but tend to have a simple lighter band and somewhat concave spire shape.

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Conus kanakinus Richard, 1983

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: J. Malacol. Soc. Aust. 6 (1-2), pp. 53-58Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: SW of Ile des Pins, New Caledonia (22deg 49' S 167deg 12' E); Dredged 390-395 mType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 15.2 x 7.5 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Phasmoconus Species:-kanakinus Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-New CaledoniaHabitat:-350-500 mDescription:-Source Living ConidaeSmall and light. Last whorl usually conical; outline nearly straight. Shoulder angulate to subangulate, edge prominent. Spire of moderate height; outline sigmoid. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter about 1 mm. First 2-3 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with 0 increasing to 5-7 fine spiral grooves. Last whorl with several spiral ribs near base and weak spiral striae to shoulder.Ground colour white. Last whorl with 10-15 irregularly interrupted brown spiral lines. Line at shoulder of more regularly set brown dashes, visible on teleoconch spire whorls. Larval shell white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with pale brown radial blotches. Aperture white.Shell Morphometry L 11-21 mm RW 0.01-0.03 g/mm RD 0.54-0.62 PMD 0.84-0.90 RSH 0.15-0.23Discussion:-

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Conus kantanganus da Motta, 1982

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1, p. 11, f. 10Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Trawled off Kantang, Southwest Thailand.Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 33 x 10 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus longurionis Kiener, 1845Current Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Fusiconus Species:-longurionis kantanganus formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:-Indian OceanHabitat:-No DataDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell elongately fusiform with 12 spire whorls of which 2 are globulose protoconch; with subsequent 6-7 minutely beaded but becoming progressively obsolete; space between deeply grooves sutures grooved with perpendicular riblets. There is no angulation at shoulder, the flat sides being slightly rounded at its periphery as it tapers down its extended length of the narrow body whorl; the body whorl with over 30 spiral grooves intersected by same riblets as spiral whorls. Ground colour is white with light brown quadrangular blotches .sprinkled across whorl and spire with some concentration forming brown bands at middle and base. Aperture is straight and narrow with white interior; outer lip moderately undulated.Discussion:-Da Motta compares C. kantanganus with C. aculeiformis which is larger with shorter spire, carinated shoulder; smooth body whorl with shallow spiral incisions.It should also be comapered to C. longurionis which has stepped spire, obtuse shoulder, rather large spiral grooves and a pointed base which is recurved.

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Conus kashiwajimensis Shikama, 1971

Pictures:Picture Link: Figure Original Description

Published in: Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat'l. Univ. sect. II, no. 18, p. 32, pl. 3, f. 23. & 24Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Kashiwajima Is., Southwest Kochi Pref., JapanType Data: Holotype in KPMY deposited and catalogued Type Size: 33.3 x 16.7 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus suturatus Reeve, 1844Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Lithoconus Species:-suturatus kashiwajimensis formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-S Japan - Taiwan; Sri LankaHabitat:-Deep waterDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell medium sized, thick and elongate conical with both sides almost straight. Spire low with slightly concave outline. Protoconch pinkish. Teleoconch of 8 whorls. Shoulder angulate with weak tubercles. Surface of last whorl pure white with two wide bands of orangish colour. Weak spiral striations more obvious near base. Aperture white.Discussion:-This form differs from typical form is more slender shape and lacking violet colour to basal area.

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Conus kawamurai Habe, 1962

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NSMT Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Colored Illus. Shells of Japan III, App, p. 45, pl. 37, f. 15Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Amami Islands, JapanType Data: Holotype in NSMT deposited and catalogued Type Size: 80.5 x 33.4 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus milneedwardsi Jousseaume, 1894; we could deal with a valid species in my opinion (PK)Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Leptoconus Species:-milneedwardsi kawamurai formaSynonyms:- aratispira Pilsbry, 1905Geographic Range:-Ryukyu IslandsHabitat:-C. m. kawamurai known from rocky substrate in about 50 mDescription:-Note:There is much debate whether this is a valid species or a geographic form of C. milneedwardsi.Discussion:-C. m. kawamurai is the smallest form (L 60-81 mm) intergrading with C. m. milneedwardsi and C. m. clytospira in shell shape and sculpture except for the broader last whorl. Its last whorl pattern varies from densely to widely meshed and includes sparse brown spots to prominent axially fused spiral colour bands. Pattern varieties of C. m. milneedwardsi, C. m. clytospira fall within the range of variation observed in C. m. kawamurai.

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Conus keatiformis Shikama & Oishi, 1977

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in KPMY Mike Filmer

Published in: Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat'l. Univ. sect. II. 24, p. 19, pl. 4, f. 1 a & b, pl. 5, f. 7Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: East China Sea (dubious)Type Data: Holotype in KPMY deposited and catalogued Type Size: 62.6 x 31 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym of Conus inscriptus Reeve, 1843Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name keatiformis

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Conus keatii Sowerby ii, 1858

Pictures:Picture Link: Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

Published in: Thes. Conch. iii, p. 34, pl. 20 (206), f. 479Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: SeychellesType Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued Type Size: 46.2 x 21.2 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym of Conus inscriptus Reeve, 1843Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name keatii

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Conus kellyae Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017

Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in LACM

Published in: Festivus Vol. 49, Issue 3, p. 242 – 243, Fig. 2, AOcean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Dredged from 40 m depth off the Farallones Islands, Portobello, PanamaType Data: Lectotype in LACM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 20.8 x 9.7 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-kellyaeSynonyms:- Geographic Range:- At present, known only from the deeper offshore areas of northern Panama, in the vicinity of PortobelloHabitat:- On fine silty sand sea floors, in depths of 40-50 mDescription:- Shell of average size for genus, elongated and fusiform, with high protracted and scalariform spire; shoulder sharply-angled, bordered with small, well-defined carina; body whorl smooth and polished, sculpted with 12-16 thin, deeply-incised spiral sulci around anterior two-thirds of shell; shell base color bright salmon-pink or salmon-orange; body whorl with wide band of paler salmon-pink or pinkish- white around mid-body, bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by 2 wide bands of dark reddish- brown amorphous flammules; mid-body band characteristically devoid of any brown markings; spire whorls heavily marked with large, evenly- spaced amorphous reddish-brown flammules; aperture wide, colored deep salmon-pink within interior; protoconch proportionally large, bulbous and mamillate, composed of 2 whorls, pale salmon-pink in color.

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Conus keppensi Petuch & Berschauer, 2018

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP D. Berschauer

Published in: Festivus Vol.: 50, p. 28-29; Figures 8, 13 E, FOcean geography: Western AtlanticType Locality: off Alcobaca, Abrolhos Platform, Bahia State, BrazilType Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued Type Size: 14.9 x 8.3 mmNomenclature: An Available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAEGenus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-keppensiSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:- Presently known only from the Alcobaca area of the Abrolhos Platform, Bahia State, BrazilHabitat:- The new species prefers clean carbonate sand pockets between coralline algal knolls and banks, in 3 - 10 m depthsDescription:-Source Original DescriptionShell small for genus, stocky, wide across shoulder; spire elevated, pyramidal, slightly stepped and scalariform; shoulder 28 sharply-angled, edged with thin rounded carina; shoulder carina ornamented with 18-20 small rounded beads, producing coronated spire whorls; body whorl shiny, ornamented with 15- 16 low, flattened, almost obsolete spiral cords; some cords have scattered small, low pustules; shallow incised sulci present between low spiral cords on body whorl; spire whorls slightly canaliculated due to raised coronated edge of carina; body whorl color pale violet or pale blue, overlaid with large brown amorphous flammules that are arranged in 2 rows, one around anterior tip and one around posterior end; early whorls and protoconch pale yellow-tan; clear unmarked band and row of darker brown patches both present around mid-body area; spire whorls pale violet-white, marked with scattered irregular small brown flammules; row of tiny thin brown flammules present along edge of suture; aperture narrow, widening toward anterior end; interior of aperture dark brown.

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Conus kermadecensis Iredale, 1913

Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in CMNZ Mike Filmer

Published in: Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. 10, p. 227, pl. 9, f. 15Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Sunday Is., Kermadec Is.Type Data: Lectotype in CMNZ deposited and catalogued Type Size: 47.2 x 21.4 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Subspecies of Conus lischkeanus Weinkauff, 1875Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Calamiconus Species:-lischkeanus kermadecensis subsp.

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Kermadecs, New Zealand, E. Australia, Papua New GuineaHabitat:-Intertidal to about 200 m; reported from bare limestone pavement or sand, sometimes among weed or coral rubble.Description:- Discussion:-Coomans and Filmer (1985) recognized 3 geographic subspecies of C. lischkeanus, from the Kermadec Is., W. Australia, and the W. Indian Ocean. However, within these regions, rather straight-sided and usually multicoloured shells with comparatively higher spires occur sympatrically with heavier, low-spired, rather convex-sided and often uniformly coloured shells as well as intermediate specimens. The morphological differences indicated by Coomans and Filmer ( 1985) are now known to be either slight or not consistently associated with geographic distribution. RKK thus abandon separation of this species into geographic subspecies.

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Conus kersteni Tenorio, Afonso, Rolán, 2008

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manuel TenorioPicture Link: Paratype Paul Kersten Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Vita Malacologica 6, 2-5 Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Tarrafal, Sao Nicolau, CV IslandsType Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 20.8 x 12.1 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Africonus Species:-kersteni Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Sao Nicolau, Cape Verde IslandsHabitat:-Found in rock crevices at 1-3 mDescription:-Original descriptionBroadly conical shell. Straight or slightly convex sides, angulated shoulder; chestnut brown with small white blotches at the spire; sutural ramps of the spire with 3-4 fine spiral striae; last whorl smooth, except for 5-6 variably spaced spiral ribs in the basal portion and around the columella region; color of the last whorl is light to dark chestnut brown; on this background chestnut brown and white interrupted spiral lines, alternating with white dots or small bars are often present; variability comes from the number and distribution ot the interrupted spiral lines; these spiral lines are sometimes absent; and then the last whorl appears to be uniformly dark chestnut brown; aperture is white, with a violaceus shade in the upper part; inner lip is dark; colemella is white with a violet shade in some specimensDiscussion:-No Data

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Conus kersteni Thach, 2017

Pictures:

Published in: Thach N.N. (2017). New shells of Southeast Asia. Sea shells & Land snails;page: 27, figs 287-293Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Pang Rang Area, Ninh Thuan Province, Central VietnamNomenclature: An unavailable name; renamed Conus paulkersteni Thach, 2017; See thereTaxonomy: A homonym of Conus kersteni Tenorio, Afonso, Rolán, 2008Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Rhizoconus Species:-kersteniDiscussion:-

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Conus kerstitchi Walls, 1978

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Mike Filmer

Published in: Pariah no. 2, p. 2, pl. (on p. 6)Ocean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: Off Islas Tres Manas, San Jaunito & Maria Madre, Nayarit, MexicoType Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 31.8 x 15.5 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Gradiconus Species:-kerstitchi Synonyms:- selectus A. Adams, 1855Geographic Range:-Baja California & Pacific MexicoHabitat:-OffshoreDescription:-Source WallsModerately light in weight, with a good gloss; broadly fusiform, the body whorl very wide with nearly parallel margins then strongly constricted to produce turnip shape; basal ridges with grooves; spire tall, sharply pointed, the sides deeply concave; first 6-7 whorls stepped, strongly carinate; body whorl glossy yellowish cream tinted with salmon; salmon strong at base and below shoulder; about 10-15 spiral rows of dark brown spots, strongest near midbody; spire and shoulder salmon tan with salmon and white spots on later whorls; aperture narrow uniform; outer lip thin sharp; mouth pale pink to salmon; columella internal;Discussion:-Iconography assigns name as synonym of C. monilifer

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Conus kevani Petuch, 1987

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 111, pl. 25, f. 8. & 9Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Gulf of Venezuela, near Monges Island, Venezuela; 35 mType Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 17 x 9mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Conasprelloides Species:-kevani Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-VenezuelaHabitat:-No DataDescription:-Source: Original descriptionShell small for genus, thin, fragile; spire elevated with slightly concave sides; shoulder strongly keeled; shoulder keel ornamented with prominent, beadlike coronations; coronations become stronger on last whorl; body whorl heavily sculptured with 30 large cords; fine spiral threads between cords; spire whorls ornamented with 3 thin spiral threads; color pure white with 2 broken bands of pale brown dots, one above mid- body, one below mid- body; interior of aperture white; periostracum thin, pale brown, smooth.Discussion:-Of all the small, sculptured cones found in the southern Caribbean, C. kevani is one of the only species that has a coronated spire. villepini.

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Conus kiicumulus Azuma, 1982

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype (C. nebulosus) Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Venus 40 Venus xl, no. 4, p. 231 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Nada, Kii, Japan.(C. nebulosus Azuma, 1973).Type Data: Holotype in BRIT deposited and catalogued (C..nebulosus) Type Size: 40.5 x 21.5 mmNomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. nebulosus Azuma, 1973.Taxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-kiicumulus Synonyms:- nebulosus Azuma, 1973Geographic Range:-S Japan; Ryukyu IslandsHabitat:-Found at depths of 40-100 m

Description:-Source Living ConidaeModerately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; outline slightly to moderately convex below shoulder, straight towards base; left side slightly concave above base. Shoulder subangulate to angulate, smooth to weakly tuberculate. Spire low, outline variably concave. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 3-8.5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, often somewhat stepped. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 0 or 1 increasing to 4-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably to regularly spaced, punctate or axially striate spiral grooves, weaker on adapical half and separated by ribbons and ribs.Ground colour white, sometimes tinged with violet. Last whorl with a variably wide yellowish brown to orange spiral band on each side of centre; adapical band consistently wider; both bands blend with adjacent ground colour zones. Most shells with axial, partially coalescing, violet or reddish brown clouds on last whorl. In subadults, spiral rows of alternating brown and white dots and bars on surface elevations. Larval shell white. Teleoconch spire immaculate or with brown markings. Aperture white.Shell Morphometry L 30-41 mm RW 0.10-0.19 g/mm (L 23-38 mm) RD 0.55-0.61 PMD 0.80-0.92 RSH 0.06-0.12Discussion:-

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Conus kimioi Habe, 1965

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NSMT Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Venus vol. xxiv. no. 1, p. 47, pl. 4, f. 1 & 2Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Off Okinoshima, Kochi Pref., Shikoku. Japan; ca. 100 mType Data: Holotype in NSMT deposited and catalogued Type Size: 14.9 x 6.8 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Yeddoconus Species:-kimioi Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Japan to Philippines; Chesterfield Is. and New CaledoniaHabitat:-Found at depths of 120-250 mDescription:-Source Living ConidaeSmall and light. Last whorl narrowly conical to conical; outline straight to slightly concave. Shoulder carinate, occasionally slightly undulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of 3.5-3.75 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 0.5-3

postnuclear whorls tuberculate to undulate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with 0-4 increasing to 3-6 spiral grooves crossed by fine arcuate radial threads. Last whorl glossy and smooth, except for about 9- 12 spiral ribs at base and 4-6 fine spiral grooves below shoulder.Colour pink to orange, usually except for white shoulder area and white teleoconch spire. Last whorl with 9-16 reddish brown spiral lines. Rectangular or irregular brown blotches arranged between spiral lines, producing 3 brickwall bands, below shoulder and on each side of centre; upper band may be absent. Larval whorls brownish grey. Postnuclear sutural ramps with large brown radial blotches extending over shoulder, darker at their outer margins. Aperture translucent.Shell Morphometry L 16-23 mm RW - (< 0.06 g/mm) RD 0.46-0.54 PMD 0.85-0.97 RSH 0.09-0.16Discussion:-

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Conus kinoshitai Kuroda, 1955

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NSMN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Venus vol. xix, no. 1 p. 6, text f. 7Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Kii, Japan; ca. 100 fathomsType Data: Holotype in NSMN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 71 x 35.4 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-kinoshitai Synonyms:- tamikoae Shikama, 1973; brontodes Shikama, 1979; calliginosus Shikama, 1979Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines and Solomon Is.; also recorded from Mozambique, Madagascar, and ReunionHabitat:-Found at depths of 20-240 m; in Philippines, form tamikoae in 240-400 mDescription:-Source Living ConidaeModerately large to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl narrowly conical, conical or ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, less so or straight below. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to slightly convex. Larval shell of 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 1 mm. First 3.5-6 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 2- 4 increasing to 5-9 variably spaced spiral grooves; latest ramps usually with additional spiral striae. Basal third or sometimes half of

last whorl with weak to pronounced, variably spaced spiral ribs occasionally grading to ribbons posteriorly.Colour pale bluish to greyish violet, with scattered bluish grey streaks, dashes or spots on last whorl. Dark coloured and heavily patterned shells intergrade with light coloured and almost patternless ones. Usual pattern of last whorl with 3 interrupted or continuous reddish brown spiral bands, below shoulder and on both sides of centre; areas between variably mottled with reddish brown triangles, dots and axial lines; overlying spiral rows of brown dots and dashes vary considerably, and often contain light dashes abapically. Base and siphonal fasciole often grey. Larval whorls white to brown. In typically patterned shells, teleoconch sutural ramps crossed by reddish to blackish brown streaks and blotches; in light-coloured shells, pattern reduction matches that of last whorl. Aperture white.Shell Morphometry L 55-94 mm RW 0.20-0.77 g/mm RD 0.48-0.58 PMD 0.76-0.91 RSH 0.07-0.18Discussion:-C. kinoshitai resembles C. fulmen; in particular, the colour form calliginosus of C. kinoshitai (see below) resembles form kirai of C. fulmen in the plain pattern of brown spiral bands and interrupted lines. C. fulmen differs in its generally broader last whorl (RD 0.55-0.62), weaker spiral sculpture of the late sutural ramps, bright orange-red larval shell, and in its broader and darker blotches on the spire. In addition, its periostracum is darker, thicker and opaque and lacks tufted spiral ridges. Typical shells of these two species are easier to distinguish, because C. fulmen has a predominant colour pattern of dark brown axially arranged blotches and spiral lines, rather than the interrupted reddish brown spiral bands of C. kinoshitai.C. tamikoae refers to a yellow colour variant of C. kinoshitai. Shikama used two spellings for this taxon: C. tamikoae with the description, C. tamikoana with the figures. Form calliginosus is based on pale greyish violet shells with a variably reduced pattern and narrow last whorl. C. brontodes most probably refers to a large subadult specimen of C. kinoshitai with an exceptional low spire and conical shape.

Conus kinoshitai f. calliginosus Shikama, 1979 A nomen nudum; only listed for reference

Pictures:Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Sci. Rep. Yokosuka Cy. Mus. (26) Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Taiwan.Type Data: Holotype was in collection Kawamura (NMST) and currently assumed to be lost Type Size: 51.3 x 21.3 mmNomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum), described as a form after 1960.Taxonomy: An invalid synonym:- Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name

Geographic Range:-PhilippinesHabitat:-Found at depths of 20-240 m; in Philippines.Description:-Although a nomen nudum this name is widely used for a patternless form.

Conus kinoshitai f. tamikoae Shikama, 1973

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in KPMY Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat'l. Univ. sect. II, no. 20, p. 7, pl. 1, f. 8 & 9Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: North of Senkaku Is., JapanType Data: Holotype in KPMY deposited and catalogued Type Size: 84 x 39.7 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus kinoshitai Kuroda, 1955Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-kinoshitai tamikoae formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-China Sea; PhilippinesHabitat:-Found at depths of 240-400 mDescription:- Discussion:-No Data

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Conus kintoki Habe & Kosuge, 1970

Pictures:Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Pac. Shell News 1, no. 2, p. 9, text f. Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Bogo, Cebu, PhilippinesType Data: Holotype was in IMT and currently assumed to be lost Type Size: Nomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Virgiconus Species:-kintoki Synonyms:- kintoki Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1982Geographic Range:-Philippines - South China SeaHabitat:-Reported from depths of 100-400 mDescription:-Source Living ConidaeMedium-sized to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Last whorl narrowly conical to

conical; outline somewhat convex below shoulder then straight. Shoulder angulate to sharply angulate. Spire low, outline usually sigmoid. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 1.0 mm. First 5-7 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 2 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves, turning into many striae in late whorls. Last whorl with sometimes weak to obsolete, variably spaced, fine spiral ribs from base to shoulder, weaker in larger specimens, in particular above centre.Colour yellowish orange to orange or violet; some of these tones may merge. Last whorl often with a paler spiral band at or just below centre. Larval whorls white to orange cream. Early postnuclear sutural ramps white to light orange; later ramps match last whorl in colour shades. Aperture white, shaded with violet in smaller specimens.Shell Morphometry L 50-116 mm RW 0.25-0.90 g/mm (L 50-106 mm) RD 0.47-0.52 PMD 0.87-0.96 RSH 0.01-0.08Discussion:-C. kintoki closely resembles C. berdulinus, which can be distinguished by its broader, somewhat more ventricose and smoother last whorl (RD 0.51-0.59; PMD 0.83-0.90), less angulate shoulder, and its only weakly tuberculate early postnuclear whorls. C. coelinae is heavier than C. kintoki specimens of similar size, has a broader last whorl (RD 0.53- 0.63), and is yellowish white with a violet or yellow base. The validity of the name C. kintoki Habe & Kosuge, formerly disputed, has been established by Emerson (1984).

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Conus kirai Kuroda, 1956

Pictures:Picture Link: Paratype KIMN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Venus vol. xix, no. 1 p. 7 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Tanoura, Kii, JapanType Data: Holotype was in Ito collection and currently assumed to be lost Type Size: 65 x 33 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus fulmen Reeve, 1843Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Pionoconus Species:-fulmen kirai formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Japan; VietnamHabitat:-Deep water 35-100m.Description:-Source Living Conidae C. fulmenC. f. kirai lacks black blotches and sometimes spire and often has creamy background; deep water variant.

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Conus kirkandersi Petuch, 1987

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas. p. 73, pl. 9, figs. 13 & 14Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Cozumel Is., Quintana Roo, Mexico; in tide poolType Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 15 x 9 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Purpuriconus Species:-kirkandersi Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-E MexicoHabitat:-Tide pools on reefDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell small for genus, thick, heavy, squat; spire low, almost flattened; shoulder rounded smooth, without coronations; body whorl sculptured with 12-15 large, raised spiral cords and numerous fine spiral threads, giving shell rough appearance; lip of adults thickened; shell color pure white with 2 broad bands, one above mid- body and one below mid- body; bands often break up into large brown blotches and flammules; anterior tip of shell brown; several rows of dark brown spots often superimposed upon brown bands; spire white with evenly-spaced, dark brown, crescent- shaped flammules; protoconch and early whorls yellow; interior of aperture white with 2 brown bands, corresponding to exterior color bands; periostracum thick, brown, tufted along shoulder; animal bright red.Discussion:-

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Conus klemae Cotton, 1953

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in SAMA Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. 76, p. 24, pl. 3, f. 1-3Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Corny Pt., South AustraliaType Data: Holotype in SAMA deposited and catalogued Type Size: 46.5 x 25.5 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE

Genus:-Floraconus Species:-klemae Synonyms:- coralinus Habe & Kosuge, 1970Geographic Range:-Western S. Australia to Houtman Abrolhos, W. AustraliaHabitat:-Intertidal to about 80 m; on coral reef from tidal flats to the reef slope, in sand beneath rocks, in pockets of sand or on bare limestone.Description:-Source Living ConidaeMedium-sized to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical, sometimes conical or slightly pyriform; outline convex adapically, straight or sometimes slightly concave below; left side usually concave near base. Shoulder angulate. Spire usually of moderate height, stepped; outline concave to slightly convex. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.8 mm. Early postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave; 5-6 increasing to 7-10 spiral grooves on late ramps. Last whorl with a few widely spaced weak spiral ribs near base.Ground colour light orange or light violet. Last whorl with a meshwork of orangish to dark brown flecks, blotches and flames, often variably fused into broad spiral bands on both sides of centre, leaving ground colour zones at base, centre and shoulder. Sparse spirally aligned brown dots may be present at centre, shoulder, and near base. Base nearly immaculate. Postnuclear sutural ramps with orangish to dark brown radial blotches, occasionally reduced to marginal spots. Aperture violet or orange.Shell Morphometry L 35-86 mm RW 0.12-0.45 g/mm (L 35-65 mm) RD 0.61-0.71 PMD 0.77-0.87 RSH 0.12-0.21 Juveniles retain fine spiral ridges over body;Some red yellow patterns with heavy axial flammules instead of bandsDiscussion:-

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Conus kohni McLean & Nybakken, 1979

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in LACM Mike Filmer Radula Picture: Manuel TenorioPicture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Veliger xxii, no. 2, p. 140, f. 4, 24-29Ocean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: Caleta Tagus, Isla Isabela, Galapagos Is. (0deg 24. 5' S. 90deg 23' W); 18-37 mType Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 35.3 x 18.7 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Kohniconus Species:-kohni

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Baja California Sur, Islas Revillagigedo; Islas Galapagos and from Panama and PeruHabitat:-Found at depths from 20-40 mDescription:-This species is medium sized. Normal length is between 20 and 50 mm. The body whorl shows little variation and is elongated conical in shape. The spire is moderately elevated, scalariform, and conical to slightly concave in profile. The shoulders are subangular. Sutural ramps are distinctly concave in cross section. Sides are flat except for the shoulder region where they are more convex. Cords are absent. Nodules are present only in the earliest whorls. They become absent by whorl four. The protoconch is multispiral. Color pattern is rather simple consisting of three orange to yellow bands: One band is located just anterior to the shoulder angle. The second band lies between the first band and the midbody region. The third band is located between the midbody region and the anterior end. It also is usually not broken up. These bands may be interconnected by longitudinal markings. Coloration may expand sufficiently to hide the white ground color exposed between bands. Spiral lines are absent. The interior of the aperture is white to blue-white. The spire is also colored. Coloration may be extensive and cover nearly the entire spire whorl tops. Darker blotches are absent or limited to the shoulder angle. These are the same color shade as the colored markings on the body whorl. The anal notch is deep. There is no anterior notch. The body whorl is usually smooth except for a few sulci near the anterior endDiscussion:-Kohniconus kohni differs from D. xanthicus in the spire morphology (concave whorl tops, with no cords in K. kohni, flat whorl tops, corded in D. xanthicus).

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Conus kongaensis da Motta, 1984

Pictures:.Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: La Conchiglia xvi, no. 182-183, p. 8-9Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Easternmost island called Konga off Laran Tuka, SE Flores, Banda Sea, IndonesiaType Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 36 x 20 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus wittigi Walls, 1977Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-wittigi kongaensis formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Sunda Island (Indonesia)Habitat:-In shallow water, wittigi reported from 3- 10 mDescription:-Source Living ConidaeShells described as C. kongaensis differ from those described as C. wittigi in having generally broader last whorls, often slightly wider apertures, darker larval shells, and coarser reticulate pattern with pronounced, wide red-brown spiral bands.Discussion:-No Data

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Conus korni Raybaudi G. (Massilia), 1993

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Conchiglia 25 (267), p. 24, f. 1-5Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Aden Gulf, off Northern Somalia.Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued Type Size: 11 x 6 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Pseudolilliconus Species:-korni Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Gulf of Aden - MogadishuHabitat:-Reported in depths of 50-150 mDescription:-Source Living ConidaeVery small and light. Last whorl usually conical to broadly conical; outline convex adapically, straight (right side) or concave (left side) below. Shoulder sharply angulate to carinate. Spire usually of moderate height, stepped; outline concave. Larval shell of 2.25-2.5 whorls, with fine radial ridges more prominent toward teleoconch; maximum diameter 0.8-1 mrn. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, often with 1-3 spiral grooves in early whorls; spiral sculpture obsolete in late whorls. Last whorl with spiral ribs on basal third and 1-2 weak spiral grooves just below shoulder.Ground colour white. Last whorl with a broad, interrupted to solid, orangish to blackish brown spiral band on each side of centre, sometimes reduced or absent. Central ground-colour band with an indistinct meshwork of grey background shades, often edged with dark brown to black spots. Closely spaced dashed to solid brown spiral lines extending from base to shoulder, partially articulated with white dashes. Larval shell bicoloured: Initial part with a beige to light brown median zone and dark brown sutural areas, remaining part grading to completely dark brown. Postnuclear sutural ramps with dark brown radial streaks and blotches crossing outer margins. Aperture showing exterior colour pattern.Shell Morphometry L 9-13 mm RW 0.01-0.02 g/mm RD 0.63-0.77 PMD 0.82-0.93 RSH 0.13-0.24Discussion:-Discussion: C. korni is very similar to C. biraghii and C. boschorum. C. biraghii biraghii often has a more ventricose last whorl (PMD 0.77-0.91), its spire outline is straight rather than concave, and its early teleoconch sutural ramps lack distinct spiral sculpture; the final part of its larval shell is light coloured. C. biraghii omanensis differs in its higher spire (RSH 0.23-0.30), angulate rather than sharply angulate to carinate shoulder, and the distinct spiral grooves on its flat rather than concave late sutural ramps; its larval shell is more

contrastingIy bicoloured. C. biraghii congruens also has a higher spire (RSH 0.24-0.30) and a more con- trastingIy bicoloured larval shell; its shoulder is often undulate due to traces of axial subshoulder costae.

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Conus kostini Filmer, Monteiro, Lorenz, Verdasca, 2012

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer

Published in: Acta Conchyliorum 11, 37 plates Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Balut Island ,MindanaoType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 97.8 x 45.3 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-kostini Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-PhilippinesHabitat:-Collected in tangle nets at 200-400 mDescription:-Source Original descriptionC. kostini is a large lightweight shell with a relatively low dome-shaped spire and rather straight tapering sides. The spire is low and slightly convex to almost straight in outline. The protoconch is raised and rather sharp although broken on the holotype and is cream to pale beige in colour. The shoulder is subangulate, carinate and even. The body whorl is relatively straight in outline but slightly convex below the shoulder and slightly concave near the base. The colour is pale bluish-grey to beige and there are two or three vague bands of pale brown axially aligned and irregular bars and blotches.The aperture is broad and rather straight widening only slightly at the base. The interior has faint bluish-grey hue. Discussion:-No Data----------

Conus koukae Monnier, Limpalaër & Robin, 2013

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Eric MonnierPicture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 1, 2013; p. 17 & 18; fig. 19, Pl. 1Ocean geography: Indo PacificType Locality: Tidal reef in Sur, West Coast of Masirah Island, OmanType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 39,60 x 21,90 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid species

Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE Genus:-Pioconus Species:-koukaeSynonyms:Geographic Range:- Masirah Island, Oman & MuscatHabitat:-Buried in sandy bottoms on reefsDescription:-Original DescriptionShell of medium size. Outline is ventricosely conical to conical, with a moderately high spire. The spire is rather straight, slightly sigmoid (concave in the first whorls and becoming progressively straighter).The first teleoconch whorls are neither tuberculate nor stepped. The sutural ramps have an incised suture and are sculptured all over with many very shallow and narrow spiral threads. The last whorl has an ovate shape. The pattern of the last whorl presents an intricately marbled background of light grey, bleu-grey, olive green to blackish brown irregular patches. The background is covered by spiral lines of small and distant arrowhead shaped black dots that are more conspicuous in the brown patches. Between the black dots the shell is also covered by numerous irregular white flecks mostly organized in the same spiral lines than the black dots. The interior of the outer lip is bordered by black spots that may form a continuous line and correspond to the brown patches of the pattern of the last whorl. Further, the interior of the aperture becomes light bluish grey.Discussion:-

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Conus krabiensis da Motta, 1982

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1 p. 10, f. 9 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Off Raya Is., Phuket, Thailand; 100 ftType Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 45 x 19.5 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1767Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Strategoconus Species:-generalis krabiensis formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-W. Thailand, S. India, and the MaldivesHabitat:-reported from sand and rock bottoms in 12-30 mDescription:- RSH 0.05-0.21 Form krabiensis: small shells almost all orange from Maldives to W ThailandDiscussion:-No Data

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Conus kremerorum Petuch, 1988

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer

Published in: Neo. Hist. Trop. Amer. Moll., p. 162, pl. 38, f. 10Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Off St. James, Barbados; 70 mType Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 18 x 7 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Conasprelloides Species:-kremerorum Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-BarbadosHabitat:-Trawled 70 metresDescription:-Source: Original descriptionShell small for genus, thin, delicate, elongated; spire whorls low in proportion to body whorl length; shoulder sharp-angled, with raised, bladelike carina; shoulder carina undulating, obsoletely coronated on body whorl; carina of shoulder whorls coronated, ornamented with row of beads; body whorl smooth and shiny, sculptured with 35 incised sulci which become closer-packed at anterior end; incised sulci ornamented with tiny, evenly-spaced pits; spire whorls ornamented with 4 large spiral cords; aperture narrow; shell color pale yellowish-white with single wide band of pale orange-tan flammules around junction of siphonal region and body whorl; scattered pale orange-tan dots on body whorl above wide band of flammules; spire whorls with pale orange-tan, evenly-spaced, crescent-shaped flammules.Discussion:-

---------- Conus kuiperi Moolenbeek, 2006

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in Naturalis, Leiden Robert Moolenbeek Published in: Basteria suppl.3, 83-85, figs 1-5 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Masirah, OmanType Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 5.9 x 2.9 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Pseudolilliconus Species:-kuiperi

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-OmanHabitat:-No DataDescription:-Source Original DescriptionShell small, turbinate, nearly biconic. Protoconch consists of two smooth shiny white whorls. Ground colour of the upper whorl is white, with irregular brown spots. On shoulder of body whorl is a spiral cord with about eight larger dark brown spots. Body whorl of a light brown colour with darker brown spots on the spiral cords. In the middle of the body whorl is a white band where these brown dots are more prominant. Ventral side of anterior tip of body whorl white.Discussion:- ----------

Conus kulkulcan Petuch, 1980

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Nautilus. 94, no. 3, p. 117, f. 11-15Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: North side Roatan Is., Honduras; 2 mType Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 21 x 12 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Purpuriconus Species:-kulkulcan Synonyms:- According to Filmer: edwardpauli Petuch, 1998Geographic Range:-Caribbean HondurasHabitat:-Shallow Reefs around 2 mDescription:-Source: Original descriptionSquat, shiny, with strongly coronated shoulder; body with 6 whorls; shell sculptured with 15 to 20 raised, pustulated spiral cords, becoming coarser on anterior end; spire smooth; shell color blue-gray with two wide dark gray-brown bands, one above shell midline, one below; raised spiral cords white with fine brown dots and dashes; body midline with pale blue- gray band; anterior tip dark blackish brown; spire and early whorls bright pink; spire pure white with numerous red-brown radiating hairlines; early spire whorls with large black-brown blotches; aperture deep blue-purple, becoming paler in interior; periostracum smooth, translucent yellow.Discussion:-

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Conus kuroharai Habe, 1965

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NSMT Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Venus vol. xxiv, no. 1, p. 46, pl. 4, f. 3 & 4Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Off Oknoshima, Kochi Pref., Shikoku, Japan; ca. 100 mType Data: Holotype in NSMT deposited and catalogued Type Size: 59 x 27.3 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-kuroharai Synonyms:- quiquandoni Lorenz & Barbier, 2008Geographic Range:-Japan - Philippines; Loyalty IslandHabitat:-Reported in depths of 100-400 mDescription:-Source Living ConidaeMedium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical or conoid- cylindrical; outline somewhat convex at adapical third, straight below. Shoulder angulate to subangulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline deeply concave to slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of more than 3 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.9 mm. First 6-8 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves. Last whorl with spiral ribbons from base to shoulder; toward base, posterior edge of ribbons more prominent and often weakly granulose.Ground colour white. Last whorl with light brown to violet brown clouds, forming an interrupted spiral band on each side of centre, and a less prominent band below shoulder; with narrow, wavy brown or reddish brown axial lines from base to shoulder, extending across the shoulder ramp. Larval whorls white. About first 5 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate; following sutural ramps with brown to reddish brown radial lines often underlain by paler brown radial blotches. Aperture white.Shell Morphometry L 41-66 mm RW 0.19-0.48 g/mm RD 0.50-0.56 PMD 0.82-0.87 RSH 0.07-0.18 Discussion:-C. kuroharai is similar to C. armadillo and C. australis. C. armadillo differs in its ventricose last whorl (PMD 0.77-0.84) with more convex sides, its generally higher spire (RSH 0.15-0.23), and in its last whorl pattern of spiral rows of short, simple to furcate axial dashes, mainly on spiral ribbons. C. australis is larger and lacks continuous axial lines as the predominant pattern of C. kuroharai. C. australis australis has a more elongate last whorl (RD 0.44-0.52) and a different spiral sculpture of narrow, variably granulose ribs. C. australis gabryae differs also in its more ovate last whorl (PMD 0.72-0.80) with more convex sides.Discussion:-No Data

Conus kuroharai f. quiquandoni Lorenz & Barbier, 2008

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan Picture Link: Philippe Quiquandon

Published in: Mostra Mondiale Malacologica, 60, 22 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Balut Is. PhilippinesType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 67.9 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus kuroharai Habe, 1965Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-kuroharai quiquandoni formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Balut, PhilippinesHabitat:-No DataDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell is large and heavy; The last whorl is ventricosely conical with an angular smooth shoulder. There are distinct evenly spaced spiral striae on the body whorl becoming stronger and forming ridges anteriorly. The aperture is rather straight narrow, widening slightly anteriorly. The entire shell is of pale yellow cream with two faint bands across the middle of the whorl; aperture is glossy white.Discussion:-No Data

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Conus kurzi Petuch, 1974

Pictures:Picture Link: Paratype CAS Mike Filmer

Published in: Veliger 17, p. 41, f. 1 & 2Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Southeast of Tosa Shimiza. Shikoku, Japan; 72 mType Data: Holotype in CAS deposited and catalogued Type Size: 30 x 17 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym of Conus sazanka Shikama, 1970Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name kurzi

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Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to all images remains with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals. The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on home page.

Last update February 2018