Appendix I: Linking Words / Ph, ; - - -

To state personal

opinion:

In my opinion, I In my view, I To my mLvd, I (Perconally) I believe that I I feel (very) strongly thet I

It seems to me that I I think that people should be encouraged to use public transport in the city,

To list

advantages

and

disadvantages:

One advantage of I Another advantage of I One other advantage of I The main advantage of I

The greatest advantage of I The first advantage of having your own business is that you d.o not

have to take orderc.

one disadvantage of I Another disadvantage of I one other disadvantage of I The main

disadvantage of I The greatest disadvantage of I The frrst itisadvantage of having your own business

is that you have to work long hours.

To list points: First(Iy), I First of all, I In the first plnce, I To start with, I To begin with, I Secondly, I

Thirdly, I Finally, everyone knows that smoking is extremely bad for one's health.

To show sequence: BEGINNING: First, I To start with, I To begin with, I First of stl, get everyone out of the building,

CONTINAING: Secondly, I Afier thislthat, I Then, I Next, call the fire brigade.

CONCLUDING: Finally, I Lastly, I Last but not least keep a safe distance from the fire.

To add more points

on the same topic:

What is more, I Furthermore, f Moreover, I Apanfrom thislthat, I In additon (to this), I Besides (this),dogs are very useful in police work.

Dogs are also very useful in police work.

Dogs are very useful in police work too.

Not only do digs help the blind, but they are very useful in police work us weil.

To show cause: The BBC decided not to show the programme because I due to the fact that I since I as

it would upset too many people.

The programme would upset too many people; for this reason I therefore the BBC

decided not to show it.

To show effect I

result / consequences:

Shewonascholarshiptherefore,lsolconsequentb,lqsaconsequence,lasaresuh,l

for this reason, she was able to continue her studies.

To show

purpose:

He decided to leam Russian so that he could read Tolstoy.

He decided to leam Russian so as to I in order to read Tolstoy.

To give

examples:

For instance, I For exnmplc, by running swimming or jogging three times a week you feel

younger and live longer.

By taking regular qcercise such as I üke running, swimming or jogging you feel younger and live longer.

If you want to feel younger and live longer, you should take regular exercise, particularly, I

in particular, I especially, running, swimming or jogging.

To show

contrast:

Seatbeks are known to save lives, yet I however, I nevertheless, I but I nonethelcss, many people

refine to wear them.

Ahhough I Even though I In spite of the fact that I Despüe the fact that seatbelts are known to save

lives, marry people refuse to wear them.

To show

time:

Tum the dialwhen I whenwer I before I as soon as I the buzzer sounds.

I haven't been back home since 1982.

We met as I was crossing the street.

I saw him whilc I was crossing the street.

We never see each other nov, that thq've moved lo another neighbourhood.

Relatives:That's the woman who lives next door to me.

He's the man whose car was stolen yesterday.

That's the cat which scratched me.

London is the cig where I was bom.

To introduce

a conclusion:

Finally, I Lastb, I All in all, I Taking everything into account, I On the ihol¿, I

AII things considered, I In conclusian, I To sum up, no one is likely to find a cure for

the common cold in the near future.

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