DOCUMENT RESUME Sims, Abby - ERIC · DOCUMENT RESUME. UD 032 146. Sims, Abby Project Choice:...
Transcript of DOCUMENT RESUME Sims, Abby - ERIC · DOCUMENT RESUME. UD 032 146. Sims, Abby Project Choice:...
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ABSTRACT
DOCUMENT RESUME
UD 032 146
Sims, AbbyProject Choice: Lessons Learned in Dropout Prevention.Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Kansas City, MO.1997-00-0038p.; For related document, see UD 032 127. Printed oncolored paper. Photographs may not reproduce well.Internet: www.emkf.org; phone: 816-932-1207.Reports Evaluative (142)MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.Disadvantaged Youth; *Dropouts; Educational Attainment;Graduation; *High School Graduates; High Schools; HigherEducation; Incentives; Inner City; PhilanthropicFoundations; Private Financial Support; Program Evaluation;Scholarship Funds; Tuition Grants; *Urban YouthKansas; *Kansas City Public Schools MO; Missouri
In Project Choice, Ewing Marion Kauffman, through hisKauffman Foundation, offered a college education to inner city youth inselected schools in Kansas City, Kansas, and Kansas City, Missouri. Inexchange students and parents agreed among other things that students wouldavoid disciplinary problems in school and the community, maintainsatisfactory grades, and graduate on time with their class. The KauffmanFoundation learned that this type of incentive program can motivate youngpeople to stay in school, but that there is a number of academic and socialskill obstacles that even the promise of a free college education cannotovercome. Of the 1,394 students who signed Project Choice agreements, 767graduated on time, and 709 of these students continued their educations. Tensignificant lessons were drawn from the Project Choice experience: (1)
inner-city students can succeed; (2) support services are crucial; (3) theattention of caring adults is more powerful than the promise of a collegeeducation; (4) parents count; (5) high school graduation is not the end; (6)
schools opt out if they are not full members; (7) flexibility is essential;(8) kids need ongoing rewards and recognition; (9) incentive is expensive;and (10) permanence requires community partnership. Interviews with sixindividuals affected in different ways by Project Choice are included.Parents, students, and teachers speak about the lessons learned by theKauffman Foundation through Project Choice. (SLD)
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PROJECT
PR
OJE
CT
CH
OIC
E:
LES
SO
NS
LEA
RN
ED
IN
DR
OP
OU
T
PR
EV
EN
TIO
N
2
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
Offi
ce o
f Edu
catio
nal R
esea
rch
and
Impr
ovem
ent
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
RE
SO
UR
CE
S IN
FO
RM
AT
ION
CE
NT
ER
(E
RIC
)
Thi
s do
cum
ent h
as b
een
repr
oduc
ed a
sre
ceiv
ed fr
om th
e pe
rson
or
Org
aniz
atio
nor
igin
atin
g it
Min
or c
hang
es h
ave
been
mad
e to
impr
ove
repr
oduc
tion
qual
ity.
Poi
nts
of v
iew
or
opin
ions
sta
teo
in th
is d
ocu-
men
t do
not n
eces
saril
y re
pres
ent o
ffici
alO
ER
I pos
ition
or
polic
y.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AR
IN
1
PE
RM
ISS
ION
TO
RE
PR
OD
UC
E A
ND
DIS
SE
MIN
AT
E T
HIS
MA
TE
RIA
L H
AS
BE
EN
GR
AN
TE
D B
Y
"Tho
mas
.1: a
ehoo
e,
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
,/C
at, 1
'4-m
a r)
1-7
001c
f.T
O T
HE
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
RE
SO
UR
CE
SIN
FO
RM
AT
ION
CE
NT
ER
(E
RIC
)
I rt
MO
NIN
IIMIn
om
3
On
the
Cov
er:
(Clo
ckw
ise
from
cen
ter
) T
om
Rho
ne, P
roje
ct C
hoic
e se
nior
dire
ctor
; Joe
Cav
azos
, Pro
ject
Cho
ice
pare
nt; B
arba
ra
Sto
kes,
Wes
tpor
t Hig
h S
choo
l
coun
selo
r, K
ansa
s C
ity, M
o.;
Tyn
ecia
Sm
ith, P
roje
ct C
hoic
e
stud
ent;
Mic
hael
Bob
o, P
roje
ct
Cho
ice
stud
ent.
Ew
ing
Mar
ion
Kau
ffman
1916
-199
3
Ew
ing
Mar
ion
Kau
ffman
exe
mpl
ified
the
wor
d en
trep
rene
ur. H
e le
d hi
s bu
sine
ss, m
ajor
leag
ue b
aseb
all a
nd
phila
nthr
opic
end
eavo
rs u
sing
a s
et o
f ent
repr
eneu
rial p
rinci
ples
that
bro
ught
suc
cess
to a
ll of
his
org
aniz
atio
ns.
As
foun
der
of M
ario
n La
bora
torie
s In
c. In
195
0, M
r. K
auffm
an, k
now
n as
Mr.
K, g
uide
d th
is K
ansa
s C
ity-
base
d ph
arm
aceu
tical
man
ufac
turin
g fir
m fr
om g
ross
sal
es o
f $36
,000
to a
div
ersi
fied
heal
th c
are
prod
ucts
com
pany
that
now
exc
eeds
$6
billi
on in
ann
ual s
ales
. Afte
r tw
o m
erge
rs, t
he fi
rm is
now
kno
wn
as H
oech
st
Mar
ion
Rou
ssel
Inc.
As
sole
ow
ner
of th
e K
ansa
s C
ity R
oyal
s B
aseb
all C
lub,
Mr.
K b
roug
ht th
is A
mer
ican
Lea
gue
expa
nsio
n te
am to
Kan
sas
City
in 1
969
to in
itiat
e an
eco
nom
ic b
oost
for
the
city
. The
Roy
als
now
pla
y at
The
K, a
sta
dium
ded
icat
ed
to th
e m
an w
ho a
lso
was
indu
cted
into
the
Roy
als
Hal
l of F
ame.
Thr
ough
the
Ew
ing
Mar
ion
Kau
ffman
Fou
ndat
ion,
Mr.
K e
stab
lishe
d ph
ilant
hrop
ic e
ffort
s to
wor
k w
ithin
the
cont
ext o
f hum
an d
evel
opm
ent.
The
Fou
ndat
ion
plac
es s
peci
al e
mph
asis
on
help
ing
at-r
isk
child
ren
and
yout
h
beco
me
prod
uctiv
e m
embe
rs o
f soc
iety
and
in s
timul
atin
g th
e gr
owth
of e
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
in A
mer
ica.
Pro
ject
Cho
ice,
one
of f
our
oper
atin
g pr
ogra
ms
of th
e K
auffm
an F
ound
atio
n's
You
th D
evel
opm
ent d
ivis
ion,
was
one
of th
e pr
ogra
ms
that
wor
ked
to g
ive
urba
n-co
re y
outh
a c
hoic
e an
d ho
pe fo
r th
e fu
ture
by
prov
idin
g th
em
with
a p
aid
colle
ge e
duca
tion.
Mr.
K w
as d
irect
ly in
volv
ed in
the
star
tup
of th
e pr
ogra
m, t
arge
ting
his
own
alm
a
mat
er, W
estp
ort H
igh
Sch
ool i
n K
ansa
s C
ity, M
o., a
s th
e P
roje
ct C
hoic
e st
artin
g po
int.
The
pro
gram
's d
ropo
ut
prev
entio
n st
rate
gies
pai
d of
f for
hun
dred
s of
Kan
sas
City
-are
a yo
uth,
who
are
now
ret
urni
ng to
thei
r
com
mun
ities
to g
ive
back
in w
ork
wha
t the
y w
ere
give
n in
opp
ortu
nity
.
11%
grod
wai
offi
Proj
ece
Cho
ke
Tab
le o
f Con
tent
s
Intr
oduc
tion
to P
roje
ct C
hoic
e1
Less
on O
ne:
Inne
r-C
ity K
ids
Can
Suc
ceed
2
Less
on T
wo:
Sup
port
Ser
vice
s ar
e C
ruci
al4
Less
on T
hree
:T
he A
ttent
ion
of C
arin
g A
dults
isM
ore
Pow
erfu
l tha
n th
e In
cent
ive
of P
ost-
Sec
onda
ry E
duca
tion
6
Less
on F
our:
Par
ents
Cou
nt8
Less
on F
ive:
Hig
h S
choo
l Gra
duat
ion
is N
ot th
e E
nd ..
.10
Less
on S
ix:
Sch
ools
Opt
Out
of t
he G
ame
Whe
nT
hey
are
Not
Ful
l Tea
m M
embe
rs12
Cho
ice
Pro
files
Con
clus
ion
14
For
Mor
e In
form
atio
n16
Proj
ect C
hoic
e st
arte
d ou
t as
one
of th
ose
too-
good
-to-
be-t
rue
oppo
rtun
ities
: A s
ucce
ssfu
len
trep
rene
ur, w
ho b
elie
ves
stro
ngly
in th
epo
wer
of
educ
atio
n, d
ecid
es to
fun
d co
llege
educ
atio
n fo
r yo
uth
in th
e ur
ban
core
; urb
an-
core
you
th f
ind
supp
ort,
succ
ess
and
hope
for
the
futu
re. I
t see
med
like
a w
in-w
in s
ituat
ion
for
yout
h fr
om lo
w-i
ncom
e fa
mili
es a
nd th
eco
mm
unity
as
a w
hole
. The
Kau
ffm
anFo
unda
tion
lear
ned
that
a m
otiv
atio
nal,
mul
tilev
el, s
uppo
rt-b
ased
pro
gram
like
Cho
ice
can
insp
ire
youn
g pe
ople
to s
tay
in s
choo
l, bu
tth
ere
are
a nu
mbe
r of
aca
dem
ic a
nd s
ocia
l ski
llob
stac
les
that
eve
n th
e pr
omis
e of
a f
ree
colle
geed
ucat
ion
cann
ot o
verc
ome.
Bet
wee
n 19
88 a
nd 1
992,
nea
rly
1,40
0ni
nth
grad
e st
uden
ts in
the
Kan
sas
City
, Kan
.,an
d K
ansa
s C
ity, M
o., s
choo
l dis
tric
ts a
gree
dto
be
part
of
Proj
ect C
hoic
e. S
tude
nts
and
thei
r pa
rent
s ag
reed
that
the
stud
ent w
ould
mai
ntai
n sa
tisfa
ctor
y gr
ades
, rec
eive
tuto
ring
,av
oid
pare
ntho
od, a
void
dis
cipl
inar
ypr
oble
ms
in s
choo
l and
in th
e co
mm
unity
,ab
stai
n fr
om u
sing
ille
gal d
rugs
and
gra
duat
eon
tim
e w
ith th
eir
clas
s. I
n ex
chan
ge, e
ach
stud
ent w
ho s
ucce
ssfu
lly c
ompl
eted
the
term
sof
the
Proj
ect C
hoic
e ag
reem
ent r
ecei
ved
apa
id c
olle
ge o
r vo
catio
nal e
duca
tion
at a
sta
teor
reg
iona
l ins
titut
ion
of th
eir
choi
ce.
Of
the
1,39
4 st
uden
ts w
ho s
igne
d Pr
ojec
tC
hoic
e ag
reem
ents
, 767
stu
dent
s gr
adua
ted
ontim
e an
d vi
olat
ed n
one
of th
e ag
reem
ent's
term
s.So
me
709
of th
ose
stud
ents
con
tinue
d th
eir
educ
atio
ns a
t tw
o-ye
ar c
omm
unity
col
lege
s, f
our-
year
uni
vers
ities
, tec
hnic
al tr
aini
ng o
r bu
sine
sssc
hool
s. A
s th
is r
epor
t is
wri
tten,
47
stud
ents
hav
egr
adua
ted,
and
sev
en s
tude
nts
are
enro
lled
ingr
adua
te s
choo
l.
From
the
Proj
ect C
hoic
e ex
peri
ence
emer
ged
10 s
igni
fica
nt le
sson
s on
the
pinn
acle
s an
d pi
tfal
ls o
f op
erat
ing
a dr
opou
tpr
even
tion
prog
ram
:
1. I
nner
-city
kid
s ca
n su
ccee
d.
2. S
uppo
rt s
ervi
ces
are
cruc
ial.
3. T
he a
ttent
ion
of c
arin
g ad
ults
is m
ore
pow
erfu
l tha
n th
e in
cent
ive
of p
ost-
seco
ndar
y ed
ucat
ion.
4. P
aren
ts c
ount
.
5. H
igh
scho
ol g
radu
atio
n is
not
the
end.
6. S
choo
ls o
pt o
ut o
f th
e ga
me
whe
n th
eyar
e no
t ful
l tea
m m
embe
rs.
7. F
lexi
bilit
y is
key
: Be
prep
ared
to c
hang
e.
8. K
ids
need
ong
oing
rew
ards
and
reco
gniti
on.
9. I
ncen
tive
is e
xpen
sive
.
10. P
erm
anen
ce r
equi
res
com
mun
ity p
artn
ersh
ips.
On
the
follo
win
g pa
ges
are
inte
rvie
ws
with
six
indi
vidu
als
affe
cted
in d
iffe
rent
way
s by
Proj
ect C
hoic
e. P
aren
ts, s
tude
nts,
teac
hers
and
othe
rs a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith th
e pr
ogra
m s
poke
out
toill
ustr
ate
som
e of
the
mos
t poi
gnan
t les
sons
lear
ned
by th
e K
auff
man
Fou
ndat
ion
rega
rdin
gPr
ojec
t Cho
ice.
It i
s ho
ped
that
by
shar
ing
thes
est
orie
s, o
ther
org
aniz
atio
ns, s
choo
ls o
rin
divi
dual
s ca
n de
sign
suc
cess
ful d
ropo
utpr
even
tion
prog
ram
s th
at h
ave
last
ing
impa
ct o
nth
eir
com
mun
ities
.
71
Inne
r-C
ity K
ids
Can
Suc
ceed
.
Ew
ing
Kau
ffman
bel
ieve
d th
at d
espi
te th
e ba
rrie
rs o
f pov
erty
, inn
er-c
ity "
at-
risk"
you
th c
an b
ecom
e pr
oduc
tive
mem
bers
of s
ocie
ty if
they
eac
h re
ceiv
e a
good
edu
catio
n. B
ut s
omet
imes
, it's
not
that
eas
y. F
ar to
o of
ten,
by
the
time
inne
r-ci
ty y
oung
ster
s re
ach
nint
h gr
ade
they
rea
lly d
on't
see
them
selv
es a
s
lear
ners
or
as c
apab
le o
f lon
g-te
rm in
telle
ctua
l ach
ieve
men
t. In
fact
, man
y
stud
ents
beg
in to
feel
sha
des
of in
capa
city
as
early
as
third
gra
de, w
hen
the
abili
ty to
und
erst
and
wha
t one
rea
ds b
ecom
es w
hat s
ets
som
e st
uden
ts a
part
from
and
ahea
d of
othe
rs. A
dd to
that
a v
arie
ty o
f fam
ily o
r so
cial
prob
lem
s an
d yo
u ha
ve a
gen
erat
ion
of in
ner-
city
stu
dent
s w
ho p
roba
bly
won
't
succ
eed
beca
use
they
brin
g to
o m
uch
"bag
gage
" fo
r sc
hool
s an
d co
mm
uniti
es
to h
andl
e. A
lthou
gh in
terv
entio
n in
nin
th g
rade
is n
ot th
e an
swer
to a
ll
stud
ents
' lon
g-te
rm le
arni
ng is
sues
, a m
otiv
atio
nal,
hand
s-on
, hig
h sc
hool
prog
ram
bui
lt on
the
sust
aine
d, p
erso
nal a
ttent
ion
of c
arin
g ad
ults
can
insp
ire
youn
g pe
ople
to s
tay
in s
choo
l and
giv
e le
arni
ng a
sec
ond
try.
94.
),
TH
E Y
OU
ND
AT
VO
NL
EA
AN
ED
TH
AT
:Sp
onso
rs o
f pr
ogra
ms
like
Proj
ect C
hoic
e sh
ould
exp
ect t
hat
nint
h gr
ade
inte
rven
tions
will
res
ult
in h
ighl
y di
vers
e ou
tcom
es th
atde
pend
on
the
stud
ents
' bas
elin
esk
ills
and
achi
evem
ent l
evel
s, a
sw
ell a
s th
e de
gree
to w
hich
they
are
affe
cted
by
com
plex
fam
ily, s
ocia
lan
d he
alth
pro
blem
s.
Des
pite
man
y Pr
ojec
t Cho
ice
prog
ram
ref
inem
ents
, the
mos
t tha
tco
uld
be a
chie
ved
with
any
one
prog
ram
gro
up w
as a
55-
to-6
0pe
rcen
t hig
h sc
hool
gra
duat
ion
rate
.
10
"It w
as th
e 'c
ream
of
the
crop
' stu
dent
sw
ho g
ot a
ll th
e at
tent
ion
from
teac
hers
whe
n I
was
in h
igh
scho
ol,"
rec
alls
Eliz
abet
h, a
199
3gr
adua
te o
f a
Kan
sas
City
, Mo.
, hig
h sc
hool
."T
hose
wer
e th
e ki
ds w
ho g
ot th
e co
llege
pre
pcl
asse
s an
d ex
tra
time
from
teac
hers
."
Eliz
abet
h ad
mits
, how
ever
, tha
t she
cou
ldha
ve d
one
mor
e to
see
k ou
t tha
t "tr
ack"
inhi
gh s
choo
l.
"I w
as in
and
out
of
trou
ble.
You
kno
who
w it
is.
... I
was
in m
y ow
n w
orld
then
," s
hesa
ys. "
I pr
obab
ly d
idn'
t tak
e hi
gh s
choo
l or
my
invo
lvem
ent i
n Pr
ojec
t Cho
ice
too
seri
ousl
yun
til I
sta
rted
goi
ng to
Cho
ice'
s Sa
turd
aySc
hool
. Who
a, th
en it
all
star
ted
to h
it m
e th
atI
had
to g
et s
erio
us if
I p
lann
ed to
eve
n th
ink
abou
t col
lege
."
Satu
rday
Sch
ool w
as ju
st li
ke it
sou
nds:
scho
ol o
n Sa
turd
ays.
It w
as s
tart
ed p
rim
arily
togi
ve s
tude
nts
who
wer
e in
dan
ger
of n
otgr
adua
ting
with
thei
r cl
ass
a ch
ance
to m
ake
upfa
iled
cour
ses.
Mas
ter
teac
hers
, des
igna
ted
byth
e sc
hool
dis
tric
t, ta
ught
Sat
urda
y Sc
hool
cour
ses,
off
erin
g on
e-on
-one
inst
ruct
ion
and
anop
port
unity
for
inde
pend
ent l
earn
ing.
Whe
nE
lizab
eth
real
ized
thro
ugh
Satu
rday
Sch
ool
that
she
stil
l had
a c
hanc
e to
try
hard
er in
scho
ol a
nd r
eally
suc
ceed
, she
wen
t aft
er h
ergo
al a
ggre
ssiv
ely.
"I d
ecid
ed I
wan
ted
to p
rove
eve
ryon
ew
rong
and
do
it!"
she
says
. "I
was
the
only
one
out o
f al
l my
brot
hers
and
sis
ters
who
grad
uate
d fr
om h
igh
scho
ol, m
uch
less
wen
t on
to f
inis
h co
llege
. My
mom
is r
eal p
roud
of
all
her
kids
, but
she
was
pre
tty th
rille
d th
at I
was
fini
shin
g m
y ed
ucat
ion.
"
Eliz
abet
h at
tend
ed C
entr
al M
etho
dist
Col
lege
in F
ayet
te, M
o. "
It w
as th
e on
ly s
choo
lou
t of
tow
n th
at a
ccep
ted
me,
" sh
e sa
ys w
ith a
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
laug
h. E
lizab
eth
says
mos
t pos
t-se
cond
ary
inst
itutio
ns w
eren
't in
tere
sted
in h
er b
ecau
se o
fhe
r gr
ades
and
oth
er is
sues
that
hin
dere
d he
rsu
cces
s he
r fr
eshm
an y
ear
in h
igh
scho
ol. B
utC
MC
was
will
ing
to ta
ke h
er o
n. "
I w
as s
oex
cite
d w
hen
I go
t tha
t acc
epta
nce
lette
r. I
don
'tth
ink
I've
ever
jum
ped
that
hig
h in
my
life!
"
In h
er ju
nior
yea
r at
CM
C, E
lizab
eth,
who
was
stu
dyin
g ps
ycho
logy
, bec
ame
preg
nant
. She
cont
inue
d to
wor
k an
d at
tend
sch
ool
thro
ugho
ut h
er p
regn
ancy
and
ret
urne
d to
a f
ull
clas
s sc
hedu
le a
fter
the
birt
h of
her
son
. Pro
ject
Cho
ice
cont
inue
d to
sup
port
Eliz
abet
h be
caus
esh
e ha
d al
read
y pr
oven
her
abi
lity
to o
verc
ome
obst
acle
s an
d em
erge
vic
tori
ous.
Ind
eed,
Eliz
abet
h w
ent o
n to
gra
duat
e fr
om C
MC
with
her
clas
s. S
he r
ecen
tly g
ot m
arri
ed a
nd is
now
look
ing
for
wor
k in
her
cho
sen
fiel
d.
"I a
m o
ne o
f th
e m
any
kids
who
fel
l int
o a
trap
whe
re p
eopl
e di
dn't
care
, esp
ecia
llyte
ache
rs,"
Eliz
abet
h sa
ys. "
I ha
d go
od f
amily
supp
ort,
but k
ids
have
to h
ave
teac
hers
who
belie
ve in
them
or
else
they
'll f
all t
hrou
gh th
ecr
acks
. We'
re a
ll co
nditi
oned
to d
o ce
rtai
nth
ings
, tea
cher
s in
clud
ed. I
f th
ey g
et r
id o
f th
eno
t-so
-sm
art k
ids,
they
can
foc
us o
n th
e go
odon
es, a
nd I
und
erst
and
that
. Pro
ject
Cho
ice
was
my
chan
ce to
esc
ape
that
trap
, and
I to
okad
vant
age
of w
hat i
t had
to o
ffer
me.
"
113
12
It 7
iSSO
N
Supp
ort S
ervi
ces
are
Cru
cial
.
It w
as c
lear
from
the
begi
nnin
g of
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
that
eac
h C
hoic
e st
uden
t
cam
e to
the
prog
ram
with
a u
niqu
e se
t of l
ong-
stan
ding
issu
es, s
ome
as s
erio
us
as h
omel
essn
ess,
abu
se, h
ealth
pro
blem
s, li
ttle
or n
o em
otio
nal s
uppo
rt fr
om
fam
ily, p
ast a
cade
mic
or
beha
vior
pro
blem
s an
d/or
ris
ky p
eer
grou
p ac
tivity
.
Unt
il C
hoic
e, m
any
of th
ese
stud
ents
had
nev
er e
xper
ienc
ed s
choo
l sup
port
serv
ices
, and
, aca
dem
ical
ly s
peak
ing,
man
y of
thes
e st
uden
ts w
ere
behi
nd in
read
ing
and
mat
h sk
ills.
Pro
gram
s th
at in
terv
ene
at n
inth
gra
de m
ust b
e
prep
ared
to m
ake
darin
g em
otio
nal a
nd fi
nanc
ial i
nves
tmen
ts in
the
stud
ents
'
soci
al a
nd a
cade
mic
futu
re to
hel
p "t
urn
back
the
cloc
k" o
n th
eir
som
etim
es-
rock
y be
ginn
ings
.
To
mak
e su
re th
ese
inve
stm
ents
pay
off
for
the
stud
ents
, pro
gram
s lik
e C
hoic
e
mus
t pro
vide
a b
road
arr
ay o
f sup
port
ser
vice
s th
at c
an b
e cu
stom
ized
to
addr
ess
indi
vidu
al s
tude
nt n
eeds
. By
prov
idin
g st
rong
, con
sist
ent s
uppo
rt
serv
ices
, dro
pout
pre
vent
ion
prog
ram
s lik
e C
hoic
e ca
n re
tain
stu
dent
s in
way
s
sim
pler
sch
olar
ship
ince
ntiv
e pr
ogra
ms
cann
ot.
ffl
EE
M Ct:
tE1
:11E
z
ra0f
lEC
T C
HT
MC
EL
EA
MM
ED
TH
AT
:A
wid
e va
riet
y of
sup
port
serv
ices
mus
t be
offe
red,
esp
ecia
llyin
hig
h sc
hool
. Be
prep
ared
to s
pend
abou
t 80
perc
ent o
f th
e pr
ogra
m's
budg
et o
n su
ppor
t ser
vice
s. 14
"We
talk
ed a
lot a
bout
res
ume
build
ing,
com
mun
ity s
ervi
ce a
nd to
pics
out
side
the
real
mof
a ty
pica
l inn
er-c
ity h
igh
scho
ol,"
say
s K
en, a
seni
or a
t Kan
sas
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
in M
anha
ttan,
Kan
., w
ho r
efer
s to
the
spec
ial c
lass
in w
hich
all
Cho
ice
stud
ents
at h
is K
ansa
s C
ity, K
an.,
high
scho
ol w
ere
enro
lled.
"T
he c
lass
cou
nsel
ors
and
Cho
ice
staf
f w
ere
real
ly tr
ying
to e
xpos
e us
to a
sm
uch
as p
ossi
ble
to h
elp
us p
repa
re f
or li
febe
yond
the
inne
r ci
ty."
Alth
ough
Ken
fir
st v
iew
ed th
is c
lass
as
just
som
ethi
ng h
e ha
d to
do
as a
Cho
ice
stud
ent,
heca
me
to u
nder
stan
d th
at it
was
par
t of
a fu
llsl
ate
of s
uppo
rt o
ffer
ed th
roug
h hi
s hi
gh s
choo
lby
Pro
ject
Cho
ice.
Thr
ough
out h
igh
scho
ol, K
enex
plor
ed v
irtu
ally
all
the
supp
ort s
ervi
ces
offe
red
by C
hoic
e to
hel
p hi
m a
chie
ve h
is g
oal o
fat
tend
ing
colle
ge.
"Cho
ice
paid
for
me
to ta
ke th
e A
CT
,w
hich
was
gre
at. B
ut p
roba
bly
the
best
thin
g th
est
aff
did
for
me
was
to ta
ke m
e on
cam
pus
visi
ts,
espe
cial
ly th
e on
e he
re a
t KSU
," K
en s
ays.
His
KSU
exp
erie
nce
was
a th
ree-
wee
ken
rich
men
t pro
gram
, the
sum
mer
bef
ore
his
juni
or y
ear
in h
igh
scho
ol, w
here
Cho
ice
stud
ents
wer
e of
fere
d th
e op
port
unity
to li
ve in
the
KSU
dor
ms,
take
som
e ab
brev
iate
d cl
asse
sfo
r fu
ture
cre
dit,
expl
ore
colle
ge-l
ife
issu
es a
ndbo
nd w
ith K
SU s
taff
and
oth
er C
hoic
e st
uden
ts.
"It w
as s
o gr
eat.
I ac
tual
ly d
idn'
t wan
t to
leav
e w
hen
it w
as o
ver,
" K
en r
ecal
ls. K
en's
fam
ily e
ndor
sed
his
invo
lvem
ent i
n Pr
ojec
tC
hoic
e; h
owev
er, h
is m
othe
r an
d st
epfa
ther
wer
e un
able
to p
rovi
de a
ny o
ther
kin
d of
fina
ncia
l or
emot
iona
l sec
urity
for
him
. For
stud
ents
like
Ken
who
lack
a s
tron
g fa
mily
conn
ectio
n, th
e su
ppor
t he
felt
from
Cho
ice
and
KSU
fos
tere
d a
seco
nd-f
amily
rel
atio
nshi
p.
"I a
dmit,
I la
tche
d on
to th
e st
aff
earl
y on
.A
nd o
nce
Cho
ice
kids
bec
ame
stud
ents
at K
SU,
we
had
acce
ss to
pee
r an
d fa
culty
men
tors
and
tuto
ring
, and
we
had
oppo
rtun
ities
to n
etw
ork
with
oth
er C
hoic
e st
uden
ts. A
ll of
us
knew
we
coul
d go
to a
ny C
hoic
e st
aff
mem
ber
or o
urfa
culty
men
tor
whe
n w
e ne
eded
adv
ice
orgu
idan
ce. I
t was
nic
e to
hav
e th
at s
afet
y ne
t."
Ken
's a
dvic
e fo
r ot
her
drop
out p
reve
ntio
npr
ogra
ms:
Em
phas
ize
cam
pus
visi
ts, c
ouns
elan
d pr
epar
e st
uden
ts f
or r
igor
s of
pos
t-se
cond
ary
acad
emic
s; a
nd a
dd s
ome
type
of
"cul
ture
sho
ck"
prep
arat
ion
for
stud
ents
who
,lik
e K
en, g
o fr
om u
rban
-cor
e hi
gh s
choo
ls,
whe
re th
e po
pula
tion
is c
ompo
sed
prim
arily
of
peop
le o
f co
lor,
to c
olle
ge c
ampu
ses
whe
rest
uden
ts p
redo
min
antly
are
whi
te.
"But
mos
t im
port
ant,"
Ken
add
s, "
Mak
eth
e co
llege
fol
low
-up
and
mon
itori
nges
peci
ally
men
tori
ngpa
rt o
f th
e in
itial
cont
ract
. Tha
t con
tinuo
us c
onta
ct is
wha
t kee
psa
lot o
f st
uden
ts o
n tr
ack.
"
Ken
con
clud
es w
ith th
anks
to E
win
gK
auff
man
. "I
neve
r ha
d a
chan
ce to
mee
t Mr.
K,
but i
f I
coul
d ta
lk to
him
toda
y I'd
let h
im k
now
that
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
help
ed m
e fe
el a
sen
se o
fbe
long
ing.
It c
reat
ed a
fan
tast
ic o
ppor
tuni
ty f
orm
e to
lear
n le
ader
ship
ski
lls a
nd to
fee
l goo
dab
out w
hat I
can
con
trib
ute.
Cho
ice
real
lycr
eate
d a
pass
ion
in m
e to
sha
re m
y ex
peri
ence
,an
d I
hope
by
doin
g th
at I
can
hel
p so
meo
ne li
kem
e in
the
futu
re."
BE
ST C
OIL
AV
AIJ
A13
IE
15
5
SS N
The
Atte
ntio
n of
Car
ing
Adu
lts is
Mor
e Po
wer
ful t
han
the
Ince
ntiv
e of
Post
-Sec
onda
ryE
duca
tion.
It's
a w
idel
y he
ld b
elie
f tha
t tee
nage
rs a
re p
rimar
ily in
tere
sted
in im
med
iate
grat
ifica
tion.
The
y w
ant i
nfor
mat
ion
in s
ound
bite
s an
d th
ey w
ant i
t qui
ck. I
t
stan
ds to
rea
son
that
eig
hth
grad
ers
do n
ot fi
nd th
e pr
ospe
ct o
f col
lege
, or
som
e ot
her
rew
ard
that
will
com
e la
ter
rath
er th
an s
oone
r, p
artic
ular
ly
inte
rest
ing.
The
y w
ant t
o kn
ow w
hat's
in it
for
them
rig
ht h
ere,
rig
ht n
ow. T
he
Cho
ice
stud
ents
foun
d in
stan
t gra
tific
atio
n in
adu
lt at
tent
ion
and
guid
ance
,
whi
ch m
any
teen
s w
ant a
nd n
eed
but m
ay n
ot k
now
how
to p
ursu
e. S
usta
ined
cont
act w
ith C
hoic
e st
aff m
ento
rs a
nd tu
tors
, alo
ng w
ith M
r. K
's p
erso
nal
invo
lvem
ent,
sent
a m
essa
ge to
the
Cho
ice
stud
ents
that
they
wer
e in
divi
dual
s
wor
thy
of a
ttent
ion
from
car
ing
adul
ts.
1617
TH
E Y
OU
ND
AT
1101
0L
EA
RN
ED
TH
AT
gC
arin
g, tu
tori
ng a
ndm
ento
ring
, alo
ng w
ith h
igh
expe
ctat
ions
in a
cade
mic
s an
dbe
havi
or f
or P
roje
ct C
hoic
epa
rtic
ipat
ion,
pai
d of
f in
redu
ced
inci
denc
e of
dru
g ab
use
and
incr
ease
d in
cide
nce
ofst
uden
t ret
entio
n.
As
stud
ents
pro
gres
sed
from
one
grad
e to
the
next
, col
lege
or
care
er tr
aini
ng to
ok o
n in
crea
sed
impo
rtan
ce f
or th
ose
Cho
ice
stud
ents
who
wer
e m
akin
g th
egr
eate
st a
cade
mic
impr
ovem
ents
.T
hey
bega
n to
see
edu
catio
n as
wor
thw
hile
and
that
pos
t-se
cond
ary
educ
atio
n w
as a
nat
tain
able
goa
l.
18
"The
gre
at th
ing
abou
t Pro
ject
Cho
ice
isth
at [
the
staf
f] n
ever
for
got a
bout
me.
The
y w
ere
alw
ays
ther
e,"
says
Mic
hael
, a s
enio
r at
St.
Lou
isU
nive
rsity
and
a P
roje
ct C
hoic
e st
uden
t fro
mW
estp
ort H
igh
Scho
ol in
Kan
sas
City
, Mo.
Thi
sre
vela
tion
com
es e
ight
yea
rs a
fter
Mic
hael
sign
ed th
e ag
reem
ent t
hat b
ound
him
toac
adem
ic s
ucce
ss.
Whe
n he
was
a s
tude
nt in
Wes
tpor
t Jun
ior
Hig
h, M
icha
el w
asn'
t all
that
inte
rest
ed in
scho
ol. "
I di
d w
ell,
but I
just
was
n't i
nto
scho
ol,"
he s
ays.
"I
got b
y in
the
cour
ses
I lik
ed, b
ut I
had
no r
eal m
otiv
atio
n to
ach
ieve
." A
nd b
ecau
se o
fhi
s fa
mily
's f
inan
cial
con
stra
ints
, Mic
hael
had
not e
ven
cont
empl
ated
col
lege
. He
calls
the
idea
"inc
once
ivab
le"
at th
at ti
me.
But
one
day
, Mic
hael
's m
othe
r re
ad a
nar
ticle
in th
e lo
cal n
ewsp
aper
out
linin
g w
hat
Ew
ing
Kau
ffm
an w
as d
oing
with
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
at W
estp
ort H
igh
Scho
ol. "
At t
hat p
oint
,"M
icha
el s
ays,
"it
was
not
a g
iven
that
I w
ould
atte
nd W
estp
ort H
igh,
eve
n th
ough
I w
asal
read
y a
stud
ent a
t Wes
tpor
t Jun
ior
Hig
h. M
ym
om w
as tr
ying
to g
et m
e a
scho
lars
hip
toan
othe
r pr
ivat
e hi
gh s
choo
l bec
ause
she
thou
ght
my
chan
ces
of g
ettin
g a
colle
ge s
chol
arsh
ipw
ould
be
bette
r. B
ut a
fter
she
rea
d th
e ar
ticle
,m
y m
om w
orke
d it
out s
o th
at I
cou
ld g
o to
Wes
tpor
t and
get
into
Pro
ject
Cho
ice.
"
Mic
hael
des
crib
es h
is in
itial
exp
erie
nces
with
the
Cho
ice
staf
f as
unu
sual
, som
ethi
ng to
whi
ch h
e w
as n
ot a
ccus
tom
ed. H
e sa
ys, "
I've
alw
ays
been
ver
y in
depe
nden
t. T
he C
hoic
e st
aff
kind
of
push
ed th
eir
way
into
my
life,
but
not
ina
bad
way
. It w
as h
ard
to g
et u
sed
to, b
ut it
did
n't
take
me
long
to f
igur
e ou
t tha
t the
y w
ere
doin
gth
at to
hel
p m
e.
"It w
as m
ore
than
just
a jo
b to
the
staf
f.W
hen
they
spe
nt a
lot o
f ex
tra
time
with
me,
itw
asn'
t bec
ause
they
had
to. T
hey
real
ly w
ante
d
r B
EST
CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BliE
me
to s
ucce
ed, a
nd th
ey w
ere
will
ing
to d
ow
hate
ver
they
cou
ld to
hel
p m
e. T
hat's
wha
tm
eant
so
muc
h to
me
and
my
fam
ily"
Mic
hael
bea
rs w
itnes
s to
how
impo
rtan
t it
is f
or p
rogr
ams
like
Cho
ice
to w
ork
wel
l with
scho
ol s
taff
. "I
had
a gu
idan
ce c
ouns
elor
at
Wes
tpor
t, M
s. S
toke
s,"
Mic
hael
rec
alls
. "W
ell,
whe
n I
was
fal
ling
dow
n on
the
job
and
not
doin
g w
hat I
sho
uld
to g
et a
bet
ter
grad
e or
wha
teve
r, A
dria
na P
ecin
a (a
Cho
ice
staf
fer)
and
Ms.
Sto
kes
wou
ld c
all m
e in
and
tell
me
wha
tw
as w
hat a
nd w
hat I
nee
ded
to d
o to
impr
ove.
It's
fun
ny b
ecau
se I
was
rea
l stu
bbor
n, b
ut I
alw
ays
com
plie
d be
caus
e I
didn
't se
e th
em a
sau
thor
ity f
igur
es. I
vie
wed
them
as
peop
le w
hoca
red
abou
t wha
t hap
pene
d to
me,
who
wan
ted
me
to li
ve u
p to
my
pote
ntia
l."
Mic
hael
is n
ow p
lann
ing
to g
radu
ate
from
St. L
ouis
Uni
vers
ity w
ith a
deg
ree
in p
sych
olog
y,an
d he
may
pur
sue
a gr
adua
te d
egre
e w
ith a
nem
phas
is o
n re
latio
nshi
p co
unse
ling.
But
with
out b
oth
the
fina
ncia
l and
em
otio
nal
supp
ort f
rom
Pro
ject
Cho
ice,
Mic
hael
say
s he
wou
ldn'
t hav
e m
ade
it th
is f
ar. "
Oh,
I'd
pro
babl
yst
ill b
e in
Kan
sas
City
, wor
king
som
ewhe
re,"
he
says
. "I
wou
ldn'
t be
poor
or
hom
eles
s or
anyt
hing
like
that
. I'd
be
mod
erat
ely
succ
essf
ul.
But
now
I'll
be
the
firs
t in
my
fam
ily to
gra
duat
efr
om c
olle
ge. P
roje
ct C
hoic
e re
ally
hel
ped
mot
ivat
e m
e to
do
wel
l in
scho
ol a
nd b
roug
ht m
ecl
oser
to m
y fa
mily
"
197
if
I-I
4SSO
NFOUR
Pare
nts
Cou
nt.
We
live
in a
soc
iety
whe
re c
hild
ren
go to
sch
ool w
hile
adu
lts g
o to
wor
k in
side
and
outs
ide
the
hom
e. T
he s
tude
nts
get t
he a
ttent
ion;
the
adul
ts p
rovi
de th
e
supp
ort.
So
who
's lo
okin
g af
ter
the
pare
nts
to k
eep
them
eng
aged
in th
eir
child
's a
cade
mic
life
?
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
wen
t the
ext
ra m
ile to
mak
e pa
rent
s fe
el n
ot o
nly
wel
com
e bu
t a
nece
ssar
y pa
rt o
f stu
dent
s' s
ucce
ss. P
aren
ts o
r gu
ardi
ans
of C
hoic
e st
uden
ts
wer
e of
fere
d m
eetin
gs a
nd r
etre
ats
to h
elp
them
with
dec
isio
n m
akin
g,
com
mun
icat
ion
and
pare
ntin
g sk
ills.
Fie
ld tr
ips
and
achi
evem
ent c
eleb
ratio
ns
wer
e al
so p
rovi
ded
for
Cho
ice
fam
ilies
. But
eac
h fa
mily
has
indi
vidu
al n
eeds
.
Pro
gram
s lik
e C
hoic
e ne
ed to
car
eful
ly e
xam
ine
thei
r po
pula
tions
and
inst
itute
a
varie
ty o
f rel
evan
t fam
ily s
ervi
ces
and
activ
ities
that
bui
ld p
ride
in a
nd
to th
e pr
ogra
m.
21
PRO
JEC
T C
HO
OC
EL
LE
AA
NE
D T
HA
T
Pare
nts
are
mor
e lik
ely
topa
rtic
ipat
e in
act
iviti
es th
at a
ddre
sssp
ecif
ic, r
elev
ant n
eeds
.
Fam
ilies
are
mor
e lik
ely
topa
rtic
ipat
e in
rel
evan
t act
iviti
es w
hen
they
take
pla
ce o
n ne
utra
l tur
f (n
ot in
scho
ols)
and
whe
n th
ere
is c
hild
car
eav
aila
ble.
It's
a g
ood
idea
to a
ppoi
nt a
prog
ram
sta
ff m
embe
r to
the
role
of
pare
nt a
ctiv
ity c
oord
inat
or. E
ven
so, i
tis
not
eas
y to
mai
ntai
n lo
ng-t
erm
invo
lvem
ent o
f lo
w-i
ncom
e pa
rent
s,m
any
of w
hom
are
str
uggl
ing
daily
with
fin
anci
al c
onst
rain
ts a
nd o
ther
soci
al c
halle
nges
.
22
Esp
eran
za A
lvar
ez is
one
of
thos
e pa
rent
sw
ho r
evel
s in
her
chi
ldre
n's
succ
ess.
She
has
enco
urag
ed a
ll se
ven
of h
er k
ids
to g
et a
goo
ded
ucat
ion
and
choo
se a
rew
ardi
ng c
aree
r th
atth
ey li
ke.
"My
youn
ger
brot
her
and
I w
ere
both
Cho
ice
kids
," s
ays
Esp
eran
za's
dau
ghte
r, M
aria
,a
grad
uate
of
Geo
rge
Was
hing
ton
Uni
vers
ity in
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. "H
e w
as th
e on
e w
ho w
asre
ally
em
barr
asse
d th
at o
ur m
othe
r w
as s
oex
cite
d ab
out P
roje
ct C
hoic
e. S
he w
ent t
o al
lth
e pa
rent
mee
tings
and
wor
ksho
ps. M
ybr
othe
r tr
ied
to g
et h
er to
sto
p ra
isin
g he
r ha
ndan
d ta
lkin
g al
l the
tim
e, b
ut s
he ju
st k
ept o
ndo
ing
it. O
ur m
othe
r w
as s
o pr
oud
that
we
wer
eC
hoic
e ki
ds."
Mar
ia r
ecal
ls th
at h
er m
othe
r w
as in
volv
edfr
om th
e be
ginn
ing.
"Sh
e pr
etty
muc
h fo
rced
me
to g
o to
Sum
ner
Aca
dem
y (a
Kan
sas
City
, Kan
.,hi
gh s
choo
l with
str
ict a
dmis
sion
sta
ndar
ds)
beca
use
of it
s di
ffic
ult c
urri
culu
m. I
did
n't w
ant
to g
o th
ere
beca
use
all o
f m
y fr
iend
s w
ere
goin
gto
ano
ther
hig
h sc
hool
. But
I p
asse
d th
e en
tran
ceex
am a
nd w
ent.
I ne
ver
real
ly li
ked
it be
caus
e I
was
one
of
the
only
His
pani
c fe
mal
es th
ere.
But
I w
as in
to s
port
s an
d ke
pt m
ysel
f bu
sy. I
t was
ago
od e
duca
tion.
"
Mar
ia k
new
that
her
mot
her's
enco
urag
emen
t and
exu
bera
nce
over
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
was
dir
ectly
con
nect
ed to
the
fact
that
the
Cho
ice
stud
ents
had
to s
tay
on tr
ack
to g
etto
that
pai
d co
llege
edu
catio
n. S
he r
ealiz
es th
atw
ithou
t the
Cho
ice
prog
ram
, she
pro
babl
yw
ould
n't h
ave
been
abl
e to
atte
nd G
eorg
eW
ashi
ngto
n, w
hich
she
cho
se b
ecau
se o
f its
exce
llent
cri
min
al ju
stic
e pr
ogra
m.
"Pro
gram
s lik
e C
hoic
e ar
e so
hel
pful
toyo
ung
peop
le,"
Esp
eran
za s
ays.
"W
hen
they
get
out o
f co
llege
they
get
to m
ake
a st
art f
orth
emse
lves
with
no
colle
ge b
ills
left
ove
r to
pay
.Pr
ojec
t Cho
ice
mad
e a
big
diff
eren
ce in
that
way
.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
I te
ll m
y ch
ildre
n an
d al
l kid
s I
talk
to th
atth
ey m
ust k
eep
goin
g. A
life
with
out e
duca
tion
is a
har
d on
e, e
spec
ially
her
e in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es." Esp
eran
za s
ays
that
she
par
ticul
arly
enjo
yed
the
oppo
rtun
ities
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
prov
ided
for
par
entin
g cl
asse
s. S
he s
ays
she
lear
ned
a lo
t abo
ut h
ow to
talk
to h
er c
hild
ren
abou
t sch
ool.
Mar
ia c
onfi
rms
that
her
mot
her
was
tran
sfor
med
by
the
trai
ning
ses
sion
s.
"Onc
e sh
e to
ok a
str
ess
man
agem
ent c
lass
offe
red
by C
hoic
e an
d ca
me
hom
e an
d us
ed it
on
us th
at s
ame
nigh
t!"
Mar
ia s
ays
with
a la
ugh.
"Cho
ice
help
ed h
er in
mor
e w
ays
than
she
expe
cted
. My
mom
is a
sin
gle
pare
nt. C
hoic
em
ade
it ea
sier
for
my
fam
ily f
inan
cial
ly, a
nd w
ear
e pr
oof
that
it w
as a
n ex
celle
nt p
rogr
am to
brin
g pa
rent
s an
d st
uden
ts c
lose
r to
geth
er."
To
this
day
, Esp
eran
za h
olds
Ew
ing
Kau
ffm
an in
the
high
est r
egar
d. S
he o
nce
met
him
,an
d sh
e pr
oudl
y di
spla
ys in
her
hom
e a
fram
edne
wsp
aper
art
icle
abo
ut h
is li
fe.
"I c
olle
ct a
ny k
ind
of p
ictu
re o
r ar
ticle
Ica
n fi
nd th
at ta
lks
abou
t Mr.
Kau
ffm
an. H
e w
assu
ch a
gre
at m
an. A
nd w
hat h
e di
d fo
r us
, for
all
the
kids
, tha
t was
suc
h a
won
derf
ul th
ing.
"
239
4-I
4SSO
NFH
Hig
h Sc
hool
Gra
duat
ion
Is N
otth
e E
nd.
Mos
t stu
dent
s an
d pa
rent
s w
ill s
ay th
at a
suc
cess
ful d
ropo
ut p
reve
ntio
n
prog
ram
is o
ne th
at s
ees
stud
ents
thro
ugh
to a
n on
-tim
e hi
gh s
choo
l
grad
uatio
n. B
ut is
that
eno
ugh?
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
wan
ted
mor
e fo
r its
stu
dent
s.
If th
e pr
ogra
m tr
uly
expe
cted
that
its
high
sch
ool g
radu
ates
wou
ld g
o on
to
colle
ge a
nd b
e su
cces
sful
, it s
tood
to r
easo
n th
at c
olle
giat
e-le
vel s
uppo
rt
serv
ices
wer
e a
nece
ssar
y pa
rt o
f the
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
prog
ram
. Alth
ough
tim
e
inte
nsiv
e an
d ex
pens
ive,
col
legi
ate
supp
ort h
elps
mov
e hi
gh s
choo
l gra
duat
es to
a ne
w le
vel o
f suc
cess
as
colle
ge g
radu
ates
.
2425
Paos
xcT
Cim
oilc
aL
EA
RN
ED
TH
AT
:St
uden
ts w
ho in
tend
to g
o on
to c
olle
ge o
r vo
catio
nal t
rain
ing
need
a h
igh
leve
l of
supp
ort i
nde
velo
ping
test
-tak
ing
skill
s,ev
alua
ting
care
er o
ptio
ns, a
nd th
enre
sear
chin
g an
d ap
plyi
ng to
col
lege
san
d un
iver
sitie
s. I
n ad
ditio
n, th
eyne
ed o
ngoi
ng s
uppo
rt to
pre
pare
for
and
man
age
soci
al c
hang
es s
uch
asle
avin
g ho
me
for
the
firs
t tim
e,m
anag
ing
a le
ss-s
truc
ture
d sc
hedu
lean
d un
ders
tand
ing
that
they
may
be
face
d w
ith d
iscr
imin
atio
n an
dal
iena
tion
in a
rac
ially
div
erse
wor
ld. P
rogr
am s
tude
nts
who
do
not g
o on
to c
olle
ge o
r vo
catio
nal
trai
ning
nee
d he
lp e
xam
inin
g th
eir
wor
kpla
ce o
ptio
ns.
Eve
n w
hen
tuiti
on, r
oom
,bo
ard
and
book
s ar
e pa
id f
or,
stud
ents
nee
d to
wor
k w
hile
inco
llege
to c
over
inci
dent
alex
pens
es. A
num
ber
of C
hoic
est
uden
ts in
dica
te th
ey h
ave
stru
ggle
d be
caus
e th
eir
exce
ssiv
ew
ork
hour
s ta
ke s
igni
fica
nt ti
me
away
fro
m th
eir
stud
ies. 26
"I k
now
whe
re th
ese
stud
ents
are
com
ing
from
," s
ays
Ber
nard
Fra
nklin
, for
mer
Ass
ista
ntD
ean
of S
tude
nts
and
Cho
ice
cam
pus
coor
dina
tor
for
Kan
sas
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
inM
anha
ttan,
Kan
. "It
's a
str
ange
env
iron
men
t for
urba
n co
re s
tude
nts.
Mos
t are
com
ing
from
an
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an o
r m
ultic
ultu
ral h
igh
scho
olen
viro
nmen
t to
a m
ostly
Cau
casi
an c
ampu
s. B
utw
ith o
ngoi
ng s
uppo
rt, t
hese
stu
dent
s le
arn
how
to a
dapt
and
ass
imila
te."
Fran
klin
, him
self
a K
SU a
lum
nus,
mad
e it
his
pers
onal
res
pons
ibili
ty to
hel
p C
hoic
est
uden
ts p
repa
re f
or th
e so
cial
and
aca
dem
ictr
ansi
tion
from
hig
h sc
hool
to c
olle
ge, a
ndbe
yond
. As
Cho
ice
coor
dina
tor,
he
inst
itute
d a
sum
mer
enr
ichm
ent p
rogr
am in
whi
ch C
hoic
est
uden
ts, i
n th
e su
mm
er b
efor
e th
eir
juni
or o
rse
nior
yea
r in
hig
h sc
hool
, cou
ld c
ome
to K
SUfo
r a
few
wee
ks to
lear
n th
e hi
ghs
and
low
s of
cam
pus
life.
"Dur
ing
enri
chm
ent,
we
requ
ired
part
icip
ants
to li
ve in
the
dorm
s un
der
the
supe
rvis
ion
of a
res
iden
t adv
iser
," F
rank
linre
calls
. "Fo
r at
leas
t hal
f of
the
kids
, thi
s w
asth
eir
firs
t tri
p aw
ay f
rom
hom
e, a
way
fro
mK
ansa
s C
ity"
Part
icip
ants
wer
e in
cla
sses
all
mor
ning
, dir
ecte
d st
udy
in th
e af
tern
oons
and
disc
ussi
on s
essi
ons
in th
e ev
enin
gs in
whi
chFr
ankl
in a
nd o
ther
enr
ichm
ent s
taff
mem
bers
talk
ed to
them
abo
ut c
ultu
ral d
iver
sity
, sex
ual
resp
onsi
bilit
y an
d in
depe
nden
ce.
Whi
le th
e en
rich
men
t exp
erie
nce
was
ase
lf-c
onfi
denc
e bu
ilder
for
mos
t all
part
icip
ants
,th
e pa
yoff
was
eve
n gr
eate
r fo
r st
uden
ts w
hoen
ded
up a
ttend
ing
the
univ
ersi
ty. F
rank
lin a
ndhi
s te
am o
f pe
er a
nd f
acul
ty m
ento
rs m
ade
sure
that
KSU
Cho
ice
stud
ents
rec
eive
d an
arr
ay o
fsu
ppor
t ser
vice
s.
"We
wer
e th
eir
firs
t poi
nt o
f co
ntac
t for
ever
ythi
ng f
rom
cho
osin
g cl
asse
s to
buy
ing
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
spor
ts ti
cket
s, f
rom
hom
esic
knes
s to
nut
ritio
nco
ncer
ns,"
Fra
nklin
say
s of
Cho
ice
stud
ents
."A
nd w
e m
ade
sure
we
intr
oduc
ed th
ese
stud
ents
to o
ther
s w
ho c
ould
hel
p th
em, b
ecau
se w
e al
lkn
ow f
rom
exp
erie
nce
that
som
etim
es s
ucce
ssco
mes
dow
n to
who
you
kno
w.
"Als
o, L
ynn
Leo
nard
(C
hoic
e st
affe
r) a
nd I
kept
wee
kly
cont
act.
Lyn
n an
d I
talk
ed a
bout
thin
gs w
e w
ould
n't n
orm
ally
eve
n di
scus
s w
ithth
e pa
rent
s of
thes
e st
uden
ts. B
ut w
e ha
d to
be
stra
ight
with
eac
h ot
her
whe
n co
nduc
t or
othe
rpr
oble
ms
aros
e, a
nd w
e ha
d to
est
ablis
h ou
r ow
nse
t of
cons
eque
nces
for
stu
dent
s w
ho 'b
roke
the
rule
s.' T
he s
tude
nts,
thou
gh, h
ad a
rel
atio
nshi
pw
ith u
s an
d co
uld
trus
t and
dep
end
on u
s. "
Fran
klin
say
s he
wou
ld c
hang
e on
ly a
cou
ple
of C
hoic
e pr
ogra
m c
ompo
nent
s. F
irst
, he
says
, he
wou
ld e
ncou
rage
pro
gram
sta
ff to
net
wor
k w
itha
vari
ety
of p
ost-
seco
ndar
y in
stitu
tions
to c
reat
ea
bette
r br
idge
bet
wee
n hi
gh s
choo
l lif
e an
dco
llege
life
. Fra
nklin
als
o re
com
men
ds th
atco
llege
pre
para
tion
begi
n ea
rlie
r.
"It's
too
late
to s
tart
talk
ing
to s
tude
nts
abou
t col
lege
whe
n th
ey're
juni
ors
or s
enio
rs,"
he c
onte
nds.
"St
art b
uild
ing
expe
ctat
ions
inni
nth
grad
e or
eve
n ea
rlie
r, a
nd h
elp
high
sch
ool
stud
ents
dev
elop
a w
ork
ethi
c th
at w
ill s
erve
them
in c
olle
ge o
r w
ork
life.
And
stu
dent
s ne
edto
sta
rt a
col
lege
pre
p tr
ack
emph
asis
on
mat
h, s
cien
ce a
nd w
ritin
g ea
rlie
r in
thei
rac
adem
ic li
fe.
"We'
re a
t a p
oint
whe
re a
col
lege
deg
ree
toda
y ca
rrie
s th
e sa
me
wei
ght a
hig
h sc
hool
dipl
oma
did
20 o
r 25
yea
rs a
go. U
rban
-cor
est
uden
ts w
ho h
ave
an o
ppor
tuni
ty to
atte
ndco
llege
and
suc
ceed
will
car
ry th
at e
xper
ienc
eba
ck to
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es a
s ro
le m
odel
s fo
rot
her
kids
."
2711
_44ssoNsH
4 Scho
ols
Opt
Out
of
the
Gam
e W
hen
The
y A
re N
ot F
ull
Tea
m M
embe
rs.
Pro
ject
Cho
ice'
s pl
anni
ng te
am b
elie
ved
that
an
inde
pend
ent p
rogr
am th
at
coop
erat
ed w
ith a
sch
ool s
yste
m w
ould
func
tion
mor
e sm
ooth
ly th
an a
prog
ram
that
was
inte
grat
ed in
to a
sch
ool's
com
plex
bur
eauc
racy
and
regu
lato
ry s
yste
ms.
Cho
ice
wou
ld b
e a
self-
sust
aini
ng, e
ffect
ive
scho
ol
impr
ovem
ent m
odel
that
wou
ld a
nd s
houl
d be
man
aged
out
side
of t
he s
choo
ls.
Whe
n th
e pr
ogra
m w
as la
unch
ed, s
choo
l dis
tric
t offi
cial
s in
Kan
sas
and
Mis
sour
i
som
ewha
t agr
eed
with
Cho
ice'
s pr
emis
e of
inde
pend
ence
: the
pro
ject
's g
oals
wer
e la
udab
le, a
nd it
wou
ld c
ost t
he s
choo
ls li
ttle
in th
e w
ay o
f tim
e, m
oney
and
staf
f res
ourc
es. I
n re
ality
, with
out a
ves
ted
inte
rest
and
ear
ly in
put i
nto
the
plan
ning
and
des
ign
of th
e pr
ogra
m, s
choo
ls fe
lt lit
tle r
espo
nsib
ility
or
owne
rshi
p
of th
e pr
ogra
m, a
nd m
ost s
choo
l sta
ff m
embe
rs in
volv
ed w
ere
not c
lear
on
wha
t, if
any,
mut
ually
des
ired
outc
omes
wer
e to
be
achi
eved
.
Ove
rall,
Pro
ject
Cho
ice
had
a la
stin
g im
pact
on
the
indi
vidu
al s
tude
nts
it se
rved
,
and
it po
sitiv
ely
affe
cted
indi
vidu
al te
ache
rs w
ho b
enef
ited
from
and
val
ued
the
prof
essi
onal
dev
elop
men
t. C
hoic
e's
impa
ct o
n ch
ange
in o
vera
ll sc
hool
s,
how
ever
, rem
ains
to b
e se
en.
28
0 0 0 0 21
FcT
is C
1117
0 W
E11
, E1' 13
N E
'r ilg
AT
g
If a
pro
gram
is to
hav
e a
long
-te
rm e
ffec
t on
how
sch
ools
con
duct
busi
ness
, it m
ust i
nvol
ve te
ache
rs a
ndpr
inci
pals
ear
ly in
the
plan
ning
sta
ges
so s
choo
l sta
ff c
an d
evel
op a
sen
se o
fco
mm
itmen
t and
ow
ners
hip.
With
out
vest
ed in
tere
st f
rom
thes
e pa
rtie
s, a
prog
ram
can
live
onl
y as
long
as
the
spon
sor
keep
s it
aflo
at. T
here
isno
thin
g lik
e th
e su
btle
sab
otag
e of
with
held
ent
husi
asm
.
30
Lar
ry E
ngle
bric
k be
cam
e fu
lly a
war
e of
Proj
ect C
hoic
e an
d ju
mpe
d in
with
bot
h fe
etex
actly
48
hour
s af
ter
he h
ad b
een
nam
edpr
inci
pal o
f H
arm
on H
igh
Scho
ol in
Kan
sas
City
,K
an.,
in 1
989.
Har
mon
was
par
t of
the
smal
l-gr
oup
mod
el f
or P
roje
ct C
hoic
e, a
s op
pose
d to
aw
hole
-sch
ool e
ffor
t.
"I d
idn'
t hav
e a
lot o
f tim
e to
get
up
to s
peed
on w
hat P
roje
ct C
hoic
e w
as a
ll ab
out,
wha
t its
goal
s w
ere,
" sa
ys E
ngle
bric
k, f
rom
his
off
ice
at th
eK
ansa
s C
ity, K
an.,
Scho
ol D
istr
ict h
eadq
uart
ers.
"I d
id h
ave
the
sum
mer
, how
ever
, to
iden
tify
30st
uden
ts to
be
the
pilo
t gro
up f
or th
is o
ppor
tuni
ty,
and
we
got t
hem
and
thei
r pa
rent
s to
sig
n th
eC
hoic
e ag
reem
ent."
Eng
lebr
ick
reca
lls th
at th
e fi
rst y
ear
of th
eC
hoic
e pr
ogra
m a
t Har
mon
had
its
ups
and
dow
ns. T
hen,
Har
mon
took
the
prov
erbi
al b
ull b
yth
e ho
rns
and
mad
e a
com
mitm
ent t
o C
hoic
e an
dits
goa
l of
seei
ng s
tude
nts,
who
oth
erw
ise
may
not h
ave
had
an o
ppor
tuni
ty f
or p
ost-
seco
ndar
yed
ucat
ion,
gra
duat
e an
d be
com
e su
cces
sful
at
wha
teve
r th
ey c
hose
to d
o.
"We
appo
inte
d a
scho
ol s
taff
mem
ber,
"E
ngle
bric
k sa
ys, "
who
agr
eed
to s
tick
with
the
orig
inal
Cho
ice
kids
unt
il th
eir
grad
uatio
n; w
eim
prov
ed b
asic
ski
lls a
nd r
educ
ed a
bsen
teei
smam
ong
thos
e st
uden
ts; w
e ar
rang
ed f
or c
olle
geca
mpu
s fi
eld
trip
s th
at w
ere
offe
red
only
to C
hoic
est
uden
ts. A
nd, w
e as
ked
scho
ol c
ouns
elor
s to
prov
ide
som
e ex
tra
guid
ance
to th
e C
hoic
e ki
ds."
Thi
s sp
ecia
lized
str
uctu
re w
as n
ot d
icta
ted
by C
hoic
e; it
was
des
igne
d by
Har
mon
sta
ff in
an
atte
mpt
to m
ake
the
prog
ram
as
succ
essf
ul a
spo
ssib
le th
ere.
Eac
h sc
hool
that
join
ed in
the
prog
ram
had
to m
ake
its o
wn
set o
f gu
idel
ines
base
d on
indi
vidu
al s
tude
nt p
opul
atio
ns b
ecau
seas
sou
nd a
pro
gram
as
Cho
ice
was
for
stu
dent
rete
ntio
n, s
choo
ls w
ere
not i
nvol
ved
in th
epr
ogra
m's
initi
al d
esig
n.
"The
Cho
ice
staf
f w
as v
ery
help
ful a
ndav
aila
ble
to u
s. B
ut w
e be
cam
e ve
ry f
rust
rate
d,
espe
cial
ly th
e te
ache
rs,"
Eng
lebr
ick
says
. " E
ven
thou
gh w
e in
stitu
ted
a nu
mbe
r of
mea
sure
s to
hel
pth
e st
uden
ts b
e su
cces
sful
thro
ugh
Cho
ice,
we
set i
tup
wro
ng. W
e es
tabl
ishe
d a
man
dato
ry d
irec
ted
stud
y pe
riod
for
the
kids
dur
ing
thei
r si
xth
hour
each
day
, but
the
amou
nt a
nd v
arie
ty o
f w
ork
that
each
stu
dent
had
fro
m a
ll of
his
or
her
teac
hers
scho
olw
ide
prov
ed to
be
too
muc
h fo
r on
e st
udy
dire
ctor
to h
andl
e. I
t wou
ld h
ave
been
eas
y at
that
poin
t to
give
up
the
Cho
ice
prog
ram
. Tha
t's w
hen
we
mad
e an
othe
r ch
ange
that
I b
elie
ve w
as th
e se
cret
to o
ur s
ucce
ss w
ith C
hoic
e."
A h
andf
ul o
f H
arm
on a
dmin
istr
ator
s an
dte
ache
rs d
ecid
ed to
gro
up th
e 30
Cho
ice
stud
ents
toge
ther
so
that
eac
h st
uden
t was
rec
eivi
ng th
esa
me
core
cur
ricu
lum
fro
m th
e sa
me
teac
hers
.
"The
teac
hers
abs
olut
ely
led
the
effo
rt,"
Eng
lebr
ick
reca
lls. "
The
y w
orke
d to
get
one
conc
entr
ated
gro
up o
f st
uden
ts m
oved
fro
m o
nele
vel t
o th
e ne
xt, c
ulm
inat
ing
in b
ette
r gr
ades
over
all a
nd, u
ltim
atel
y, g
radu
atio
n. T
his
expe
rien
ce c
hang
ed th
e w
hole
way
teac
hers
com
mun
icat
ed a
nd ta
ught
at H
arm
on. I
bel
ieve
itw
as a
fir
st, c
ritic
al s
tep
in s
choo
l im
prov
emen
t."
"The
issu
es w
e w
orke
d th
roug
h w
ith C
hoic
ere
flec
ted
issu
es s
choo
lwid
e,"
Eng
lebr
ick
says
."E
ven
afte
r C
hoic
e w
as f
inis
hed
at H
arm
on, w
hat
we
lear
ned
abou
t fin
ding
new
way
s to
teac
hla
sted
. Out
of
Proj
ect C
hoic
e gr
ew a
cor
e of
teac
hers
who
wer
e fo
cuse
d on
sch
ool
impr
ovem
ent,
who
car
ry o
n th
at le
gacy
with
Har
mon
stu
dent
s to
day.
"
"Sch
ool c
hang
e is
a s
low
pro
cess
," E
ngle
bric
kco
nclu
des.
"It
occ
urs
over
dec
ades
, not
ove
rm
onth
s. I
thin
k pe
ople
look
at C
hoic
e an
d do
n't
real
ize
how
suc
cess
ful i
t was
as
a to
ol f
or w
orki
ngth
roug
h an
d ac
hiev
ing
long
-17
chan
ge."
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AII
AB
LE
13
CE
32
Cho
ke P
rofi
§eg
Com
agdo
n
The
sto
ries
dep
icte
d in
this
boo
k ca
ptur
e th
ees
senc
e of
wha
t Pro
ject
Cho
ice
was
all
abou
t:he
lpin
g K
ansa
s C
ity-a
rea
youn
g pe
ople
at r
isk
ofdr
oppi
ng o
ut o
f hi
gh s
choo
l rea
lize
and
live
up to
thei
r po
tent
ial a
s le
arne
rs a
nd g
ood
citiz
ens.
Whi
le s
ix le
sson
s ar
e fe
atur
ed in
thes
e pa
ges,
the
Kau
ffm
an F
ound
atio
n do
cum
ente
d 10
less
ons
lear
ned
from
ope
ratin
g Pr
ojec
t Cho
ice.
The
rem
aini
ng f
our
less
ons
are
sum
mar
ized
her
e.
LE
SSO
N S
EV
EN
: FL
EX
IBIL
ITY
IS
KE
Y: B
E P
RE
PAR
ED
TO
CH
AN
GE
.W
hen
you'
ve g
ot a
s m
any
play
ers
invo
lved
in a
prog
ram
as
wer
e in
Cho
ice,
pro
gram
sta
ff m
embe
rsm
ust b
e re
ady
for
anyt
hing
, eve
ryda
y. C
hoic
est
uden
ts h
ad r
evol
ving
and
evo
lvin
g ac
adem
ic a
ndso
cial
nee
ds, a
nd s
choo
ls h
ad s
yste
ms
chan
ge a
ndef
fect
iven
ess
issu
es to
add
ress
. The
se tw
o fa
ctor
sal
one
coul
d br
eak
dow
n an
y pr
ogra
m n
ot p
repa
red
to b
e fl
exib
le. T
he "
Can
Do"
atti
tude
of
Cho
ice
staf
fm
embe
rs c
arri
ed o
ver
to th
e st
uden
ts a
nd s
choo
ls,
and
the
grou
ps w
orke
d to
geth
er to
trea
t eac
h da
y as
a po
ssib
le a
venu
e to
une
xpec
ted
oppo
rtun
ities
and
to o
verc
ome
thes
e ci
rcum
stan
ces
as b
est t
hey
coul
d.
Wha
t hap
pens
whe
n a
succ
essf
ul h
igh
scho
olst
uden
t dro
ps o
ut o
f th
e pr
ogra
m a
nd o
ut o
fsc
hool
alto
geth
er?
Wha
t hap
pens
whe
n a
choi
ceco
llege
stu
dent
has
to le
ave
scho
ol f
or a
sem
este
rfo
r fa
mily
rea
sons
, but
then
wan
ts to
ret
urn
to th
epr
ogra
m?
Wha
t hap
pens
whe
n a
teac
her
ism
isin
form
ed a
bout
his
or
her
role
in th
e C
hoic
epr
ogra
m?
The
Cho
ice
staf
f ex
amin
ed th
e pr
ogra
mco
ntin
uous
ly to
det
erm
ine
how
to im
prov
e da
y by
day.
Eve
n so
, the
re is
no
way
to p
redi
ct th
e su
cces
sof
indi
vidu
al d
ropo
ut p
reve
ntio
n pr
ogra
ms
beca
use
peop
le, p
lace
s, h
isto
ries
, eco
nom
ies,
clim
ates
, cul
ture
s an
d in
stitu
tions
all
diff
er a
ndm
ust b
e tr
eate
d as
one
-of-
a-ki
nd c
ircu
mst
ance
s.
33
LE
SSO
N E
IGH
T: K
IDS
NE
ED
ON
GO
ING
RE
WA
RD
S A
ND
RE
CO
GN
ITIO
N.
As
adul
ts, i
f so
meo
ne o
ffer
s us
mon
ey to
pay
off
a ca
r or
a h
ome
with
in f
our
year
s if
we
just
do
the
righ
t thi
ngm
ow th
e ne
ighb
or's
law
n, w
alk
the
fam
ily d
og, d
on't
get p
arki
ng ti
cket
s, k
eep
our
cars
was
hed,
sta
y em
ploy
edw
e're
like
ly to
jum
pat
the
offe
r, b
ecau
se in
the
gran
d sc
hem
e of
thin
gs,
four
yea
rs in
the
life
of a
n ad
ult s
eem
s lik
e a
drop
inth
e bu
cket
for
suc
h a
grea
t rew
ard.
But
for
som
eni
nth
grad
ers,
the
prom
ise
of a
pai
d co
llege
educ
atio
n ju
st d
oesn
't so
und
that
stu
pend
ous
beca
use
they
hav
e no
fra
me
of r
efer
ence
. Wha
tfu
rthe
r co
mpl
icat
es d
ropo
ut p
reve
ntio
n pr
ogra
ms
like
Cho
ice
is th
at th
ey a
re u
p ag
ains
t a s
tron
gop
pone
nt in
the
lives
of
adol
esce
nts:
pee
r pr
essu
re.
To
addr
ess
this
lack
of
enth
usia
sm a
mon
gst
uden
ts f
or w
hat w
as c
omin
g to
them
"do
wn
the
road
," E
win
g K
auff
man
and
the
Cho
ice
staf
fpl
anne
d w
ays
to m
ake
the
prog
ram
mor
e fu
n in
the
shor
t ter
m f
or s
tude
nts.
Fam
ily d
inne
rs, p
icni
cs,
soft
ball
gam
es, f
ield
trip
s an
d ot
her
even
ts w
ere
orga
nize
d to
pro
vide
"co
mpe
titio
n" f
or th
eac
tiviti
es th
at m
ight
hav
e di
stra
cted
the
stud
ents
into
doi
ng s
omet
hing
that
mig
ht v
iola
te th
eir
Cho
ice
agre
emen
t. D
ropo
ut p
reve
ntio
n pr
ogra
ms
like
Cho
ice
mus
t mak
e th
emse
lves
app
ealin
g in
way
s ot
her
than
fin
anci
ally
to k
eep
stud
ents
inte
rest
ed a
nd a
ctiv
e.
LE
SSO
N N
INE
: IN
CE
NT
IVE
IS E
XPE
NSI
VE
.M
ost f
amili
es f
eel t
he s
ame
pain
: Put
ting
one
child
thro
ugh
colle
ge c
an q
uick
ly d
rain
fin
ance
s,le
avin
g lit
tle m
oney
for
oth
er f
amily
nee
ds o
r fo
rot
her
child
ren
in th
e fa
mily
to a
ttend
col
lege
. It
stan
ds to
rea
son
that
pro
gram
s lik
e C
hoic
e th
atpa
y fo
r co
llege
edu
catio
n fo
r hu
ndre
ds o
f st
uden
tsca
rry
enor
mou
s pr
ice
tags
.
By
the
year
200
1, w
hen
the
fina
l cla
ss o
f C
hoic
est
uden
ts w
ill h
ave
grad
uate
d fr
om c
olle
ges,
34
univ
ersi
ties
or o
ther
inst
itutio
ns o
f hi
gher
lear
ning
,th
e K
auff
man
Fou
ndat
ion
will
hav
e sp
ent m
ore
than
$22
mill
ion
dolla
rs o
n tu
ition
, boo
ks, r
oom
, boa
rdan
d su
ppor
t ser
vice
s, b
oth
seco
ndar
y an
d po
st-
seco
ndar
y. B
ut e
arly
stu
dies
see
m to
indi
cate
that
the
inve
stm
ent p
ays
off
for
the
com
mun
ities
to w
hich
thes
e st
uden
ts r
etur
n to
wor
k. A
199
5 co
st-b
enef
itan
alys
is o
f Pr
ojec
t Cho
ice
reve
aled
that
eac
h cl
ass
ofC
hoic
e st
uden
ts w
ill c
ontr
ibut
e $.
3 m
illio
n m
ore
toth
e ta
x ba
se th
an s
tude
nts
in th
eir
clas
s no
t rec
eivi
nga
high
sch
ool d
egre
e.
It is
unu
sual
that
the
esta
te o
f on
e in
divi
dual
can
pay
for
a pr
ojec
t as
expe
nsiv
e as
Cho
ice.
Tha
t's w
hy E
win
g K
auff
man
hop
ed th
at o
ther
com
mun
ity o
rgan
izat
ions
and
fou
ndat
ions
wou
ldba
nd to
geth
er to
con
tinue
the
fund
ing
stre
am f
ordr
opou
t pre
vent
ion
effo
rts.
The
nee
d fo
rad
ditio
nal s
uppo
rt a
nd f
undi
ng s
ourc
es is
an
impo
rtan
t con
side
ratio
n fo
r an
y dr
opou
tpr
even
tion
prog
ram
.
LE
SSO
N T
EN
: PE
RM
AN
EN
CE
RE
QU
IRE
S C
OM
MU
NIT
YPA
RT
NE
RSH
IP.
As
men
tione
d in
Les
son
Nin
e ab
ove,
dee
p
invo
lvem
ent a
nd c
omm
itmen
t of
the
com
mun
ity is
nece
ssar
y in
sus
tain
ing
the
trad
ition
of
a su
cces
sful
drop
out p
reve
ntio
n pr
ogra
m. P
roje
ct C
hoic
e w
asw
arm
ly r
egar
ded
by th
ose
who
kne
w o
f it
and
unde
rsto
od it
, but
the
prog
ram
was
vie
wed
as
Mr.
K's
. With
out w
ides
prea
d co
mm
unity
inve
stm
ent,
the
prog
ram
was
des
tined
to d
isso
lve
over
tim
e. F
amili
es,
busi
ness
es, t
he r
elig
ious
com
mun
ity, t
heph
ilant
hrop
ic c
omm
unity
, sch
ools
and
gov
ernm
ent
all h
ave
a si
gnif
ican
t rol
e to
pla
y in
sus
tain
ing
prog
ram
s lik
e C
hoic
e. T
he m
odel
s fo
r st
uden
tsu
cces
s w
ork,
and
ther
e is
mon
ey f
or th
em in
the
priv
ate
sect
or, b
ut f
orgi
ng e
ffec
tive
coal
ition
s is
a
prog
ram
com
pone
nt th
at P
roje
ct C
hoic
e di
d no
t hav
etim
e to
est
ablis
h in
its
deca
de o
f op
erat
ing.
A le
sson
not
doc
umen
ted
here
is th
at p
rogr
amst
aff
mem
bers
mus
t be
dedi
cate
d to
the
long
-ter
m
life
of th
e pr
ogra
m. P
roje
ct C
hoic
e w
as f
ortu
nate
inth
at it
s st
aff
mem
bers
nev
er g
ave
up. T
hey
wer
eal
way
s on
cal
l for
the
stud
ents
and
the
scho
ols.
With
out t
he c
onsi
sten
t sup
port
and
com
mitm
ent o
ftr
aine
d, k
now
ledg
eabl
e st
aff,
pro
gram
s lik
e C
hoic
elik
ely
will
spe
nd v
alua
ble
reso
urce
s on
ove
rcom
ing
inte
rnal
dys
func
tion.
The
sta
ff m
embe
rs li
sted
her
ew
orke
d co
llabo
rativ
ely
with
thei
r kn
ees
bent
,al
way
s ex
tend
ing
them
selv
es b
eyon
d th
eir
wor
klo
ad to
mee
t the
nee
ds o
f pr
ogra
m p
artic
ipan
ts.
Proj
ect C
hoic
e ow
es a
gre
at d
eal o
f its
suc
cess
toA
NG
EL
YN
N B
AR
GE
, hig
h sc
hool
coo
rdin
ator
;A
ND
RE
W D
OM
ING
UE
Z, p
ost-
seco
ndar
ysp
ecia
list f
or s
choo
l ach
ieve
men
t; L
EO
NFR
AN
KL
IN, s
peci
alis
t for
sch
ool a
nd f
amily
serv
ices
; LY
NN
LE
ON
AR
D, p
rogr
am m
anag
er;
VIK
I L
UC
AS,
spe
cial
ist f
or s
choo
l and
fam
ilyse
rvic
es; A
DR
IAN
A P
EC
INA
, pos
t-se
cond
ary
spec
ialis
t for
sch
ool a
chie
vem
ent;
TO
M R
HO
NE
,se
nior
pro
gram
dir
ecto
r; G
WE
NR
ICH
TE
RM
EY
ER
, Sat
urda
y Sc
hool
dev
elop
er a
ndse
nior
res
earc
h an
d ev
alua
tion
prog
ram
spe
cial
ist;
AL
YC
IA R
OD
RIG
UE
Z, f
amily
act
ivity
and
stu
dent
supp
ort s
peci
alis
t; JE
AN
NE
ST
RO
H, f
inan
cial
coor
dina
tor;
and
SU
SAN
WA
LL
Y, s
enio
r pr
ogra
mdi
rect
or f
or e
duca
tion.
Wha
t the
Kau
ffm
an F
ound
atio
n le
arne
d fr
om
oper
atin
g Pr
ojec
t Cho
ice
fund
amen
tally
cha
nged
the
way
its
You
th D
evel
opm
ent d
ivis
ion
wor
ks to
cont
ribu
te to
the
heal
thy
deve
lopm
ent o
f ch
ildre
n in
our
com
mun
ities
and
in o
ur n
atio
n. T
he le
sson
s Pr
ojec
t
Cho
ice
lear
ned
are
just
one
par
t of
the
larg
er f
ield
of
drop
out p
reve
ntio
n st
udy,
but
thes
e le
sson
s co
ntri
bute
to th
e fi
eld
both
in te
rms
of p
rogr
am c
onte
nt a
nd
prog
ram
pro
cess
. How
ever
, pro
gram
s lik
e C
hoic
e ca
n
only
be
fully
mea
sure
d th
roug
h th
e pa
ssag
e of
tim
e.T
he jo
urne
y fr
om c
hild
hood
to s
elf-
suff
icie
nt
adul
thoo
d is
a lo
ng o
ne, b
ut w
ith s
elf-
dete
rmin
atio
n
and
supp
ort o
f th
ose
who
car
e, C
hoic
e st
uden
ts a
ndot
hers
like
them
are
des
tined
for
suc
cess
.13
5
For
mor
e in
form
atio
n ab
out t
heE
win
g M
ario
n K
auff
man
Fou
ndat
ion
orPr
ojec
t Cho
ice,
vis
it th
e Fo
unda
tion
Web
site
at w
ww
.em
kfor
g.
The
rep
ort t
hat d
ocum
ents
thes
ele
sson
s an
d de
tails
all
the
com
pone
nts
ofPr
ojec
t Cho
ice
is a
vaila
ble
in e
xecu
tive
sum
mar
y fo
rmat
on
the
Foun
datio
n W
ebsi
te a
nd c
an b
e or
dere
d, in
its
entir
ety,
ther
e
or f
rom
the
Kau
ffm
an F
ound
atio
n's
You
thD
evel
opm
ent d
ivis
ion
at 8
16 -
932
-120
7.
The
PR
OJE
CT
CH
OIC
E: W
HO
LE
SCH
OO
L M
OD
EL
res
earc
h re
port
has
been
pub
lishe
d by
the
Kau
ffm
anFo
unda
tion
and
can
be o
rder
ed th
roug
hth
e Fo
unda
tion
Web
site
or
by c
onta
ctin
gth
e K
auff
man
Fou
ndat
ion'
s R
esea
rch
and
Eva
luat
ion
depa
rtm
ent a
t 816
-932
-110
8.
EW
IN
GM
AR
I0
N
KA
UFF
MA
N F
OU
ND
AT
ION
Des
ign:
Gre
gg &
Ass
ocia
tes
Writ
ing:
Abb
y S
ims
Edi
toria
l Ass
ista
nce:
Tom
Rho
ne,
Lynn
Leo
nard
, Joy
Tor
chia
Pho
togr
aphy
: Sco
tt H
eple
r P
hoto
grap
hy
3(19
97, E
win
g M
ario
n K
auffm
an F
ound
atio
n16
kkhi
viA
N F
OU
ND
AT
ION
4900
Oak
Str
eet
Kan
sas
City
, Mis
sour
i 641
12-2
776
ww
w.e
mkf
.orp
,
(9/92)
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