DOCUMENT RESUME - ERIC · DOCUMENT RESUME. U. 042 322. Vick, James E. Automobile Engine: Basic...

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DOCUMENT RESUME

U. 042 322

Vick, James E.Automobile Engine: Basic Ignition Timing. FordsonBilingual Demonstration Project.Dearborn Public Schools, Mich.Department of Education, Washington, DC.8570p.; For related documents, see CE 042 318-325.Dearborn Public Schools; 4824 Lois Avenue, Dearborn,MI 48126 ($1.50; more than 10--$1.00 each).Multilingual/Bilingual Materials (171) -- Guides -Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051)English; Arabic

MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.Arabic; *Auto Mechanics; Behavioral Objectives;Bilingual Education Programs; Bilingual InstructionalMaterials; *Engines; Learning Activities; LearningModules; Limited English Speaking; PretestsPosttests; Pronunciation Instruction; SecondaryEducation; Trade and Industrial Education; VocationalEducation; *Vocational English (Sinond Language)*Ignition Systems

ABSTRACTThese two vocational instructional modules on basic

automobile ignition timing and on engine operation, four-strokecycle, are two of eight such modules designed to assist recentlyarrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), in.critical instructional areas in a comprehensive high school. Goalstated for this module is for the student enrolled in automobilecourses to learn the correct basic ignition timing of an automobileengine and to explain the operation of the automobile engine duringthe four-strokes of the operating cycle and to identify the variousparts of the engine. Each module consists of these parts: title;program goal and performance objectives; a pronunciation key; alanguage page which offers the pronunciation, definition, and usageof key terms in English and in Arabic; a pretest; bilingual (Englishand Arabic) language (vocabulary and usage) activities; evaluation;pretest and activity answer sheets; and a list of supplewentarymaterials and their location. For each activity the objective, a listof materials needed, procedure, and evaluation are provided inaddition to the necessary activity sheets or pages. Each moduleccntains three activities. (YLB)

************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *

* from the original document. *

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UST COPY AVAILABLE

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AUTOMOBILE E I E:BASIC IGNITION TIMING

097; 3J J.,cr.

cp_itamwealim v4,z,a4JU.& DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONEDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION

(CENTER (MCI1 This doetniant Ms been ffoploduced as

reclined horn the person or orgemeattonoriginating it

Li Minor changes have beenmade to improvereproduction quality,

Points of view or opinions stated in this doctement do not necessarily represent official NIEPosition Or poky,

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GqANTED BY

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOUR SINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

ABOUT THE PROJECT

The 'Fordson Arabic Bilingual Demonstration Project is'designed to assist

recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), to

adapt to a large and comprehensive high scaool. The project consists of

academic and vocational instructional modules, reading services to teachers

and students, bilingual aide and resource services, computer and television

modules, staff development activities, and home-community liaison.

ABOUT THE INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

The modules were designed to assist LEP students in critical instructional

areas throughout the school curriculum. These areas of focus were determined

by a needs survey of the entire Fordson school community. Each module con-

411sists of seven parts: title, objectives, pretest, language (vocabulary and

usage) activities, evaluation, and supplementary materials. Modules were

translated, duplicated, and field tested.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

James E. Vick did his undergraduate work at Western Michigan University

and his graduate training at Eastern Michigan University. James has worked

in the Automotive area at Fordson High School for the past 14 years.

The skills developed in this unit were those he and his students defined

is critical for better understanding Automobile Engine Operation.

3

CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Special Assistance:

Jean H. Miller, Ed.D. - Editor

Pat Coulter - Reading Consultant

Susan Field - Special Needs Coordinator

Albert R. Harp - Translation Editor

Wendy Sample - Graphics

Christine Rajda - Typist

Tahsine Bazzi - Translation

Demonstration Staff:

Clark Burnett - ESL Instructor/Audio-Visual Consultant

Albert Harp - Bilingual Resource Coordinator

Fouad Moawad - Bilingual Instructor

Jim Petrie - Facilitator

Wafa Unis - Instructional Aide/Home Community Liaison

Issaaf Beydoun - Instructional Aide

Elham Hamdan - Instructional Aide

Karim Michael - Instructional Aide

RihabAhmad - Secretary

Dearborn Board of Education:

Agnes Dobronski - President

Kathleen Walsh - Vice President

Mary Bugeia - Secretary

Suzanne Mcllhiny - Treasurer

Ronald Chapman - Trustee

David MacKenzie - Trustee

Ruth Sample - Trustee

Administration:

Dr. Thomas McLennan - Superintendent

Dr. Fred Schrieber - Director, Division of Instructional Services

Mr. John Dutton - Coordinator, Project Development

Mr. Bill Letsche - Principal, Fordson High School

Special Acknowledgement:

The interest; concern, and committment of Mr. Harvey Failor, Principal of

Fordson High School from 1964-1982, to the Demonstration Project was a source

of strength and inspiration to us all.

4

Portions of or the entire instructional module may be reproduced

except for commercial purposes without the permission of the author

or the Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project.

This Project was supported by the United States Department of

Education.

The contents of this instructional module were developed under a

grant for the United States Department of Education. However,

those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of that

agency, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal

Government.

tr

AUTOMOBILE ENGINE OPERATIONBASIC IGNITION TIMING

2

This bilingual module has been developed to assist limited English

111 proficiency students in learning the basic ignition timing of an auto-

mobile engine. The unit is designed for students enrolled in automotive

courses.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to identify the correct

basic ignition timing of an automobile engine with

100% accuracy.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completing the activities of this module,

the student will:

1. identify the compression stroke of an engine;

(Activity 1)

III2. identify the exhaust stroke of an engine;

(Activity 1)

3. click-over an engine's crankshaft using the

keyswitch; (Activity 2)

4. locate the ignition timing marks; (Activity 3)

5. locate the timing mark "0" degrees; (Activity 3)

6. identify the correct time for the spark plug to

fire; (Activity 3)

7. position piston number 1 at the top of the

compression stroke on an operating engine

with 100% accuracy. (Activity 3)

PRETEST

Write the coerect letter in the spaceavailable.

1. The part of the engine that

moves up and down in the cylinder is

the:

a. valve c. cylinder

b. crankshaft d. piston

2. The part of the engine that

turns when the piston moves down is

the:

a. crankshaft c. cylinder

b. combustion d. valve

3. The part that makes the

gasoline burn is the:

a. piston c. spark plug

b. battery d. exhaust

4. When the piston moves up and

down the crankshaft:

a. moves up c. strokes

b. moves down d. turns

5. The piston moves up on the:

a. compressions and intake stroke

b. intake and exhaust stroke

c. exhaust and compression stroke

d. power and exhaust stroke

Go on to next page.

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PRETEST (continued)

6. The stroke that squeezes the

gasoline and air mixture together is

the:

a. intake stroke

b. compression stroke

c. power stroke

d. exhaust stroke

7. During the compression stroke

the gasoline-air mixture:

a. stays in the cylinder

b. moves out the exhaust valve

c. burns

d. moves into the engine

8. During the exhaust stroke the

gasoline-air mixture:

a. stays in the cylinder

b. moves out of the cylinder

c. moves into the cylinder

d. burns

9. When the piston is on the

compression stroke, it is:

a. moving down

b. turning

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PRETEST (continued)

11. Adjusting the engine so that

the spark plug fires at the proper

time is called:

a. mixture adjustment

b. compression setting

c. basic ignition timing

d. setting the intake valve

12. You can identify the compression

stroke by:

a. looking at the timing marks

b.. removing a spark plug and feelingfor air blowing out of the plughole

c. removing a spark plug, lookinginto the cylinder

d. checking for air going into thecylinder

13. The.timing marks show the:

a. condition of the battery

b. position of the piston

c. condition of the spark plug

d. position of the spark plug

14. The timing marks are located

on the:

a. points

b. right side of the engine

c. left side of the engine

d. front of the engine

Go on to next page.

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PRETEST (continued) e":1,

15. You can click-over the engine kjj.) o

by:J.,.

.a. tapping with a wrench " I " Lit".

b. pushing the car tikt

c. turning the keyswitch1..)1 al c

d. hitting with a hammera

16. The parts shown below are called:

a. crankshaft

b. piston

c. timing marks

d. engine numbers

17. The spark plug should fire

when the piston is:

a. at the top of the exhaust stroke

b. at the top of the compression stroke

c., at the bottom of the intake stroke

d. at the bottom of the power stroke

Go on to next page.

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18. When

plug hole and

lined-up, the

a. will starttiming" is

b. will coughtivAro" is

c. not start

d. burn up in

PRETEST (continued)

air blows out of the spark

the timing marks are

engine:

easily because "basiccorrect

and shake because "basiCwrong

flames

19. The timing marks line-up

when the piston is on the:

a. intake stroke

b. compression stroke

c. compression and exhaust stroke

d. power and intake strokt,

20. Which stroke of the four-

stroke cycle is shown below:

a. intake stroke

b. compression stroke.

c. power stroke

d. exhaust stroke

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PRETEST -- .ANSWER KEY

1. d 6. b 11. c 16. c

2. a 7. a 12. b 17. b

3. c 8. b 13. b 18. a

4. d 9. c 14. d 19. c

9. c 10. c 15. c 20. b

13

PRONUNCIATION KEY

/a/ as in Adam

/5/ as in cake

/e/ as in let

/5/ as in meet

/i/ as in sit

/T/ as in ice cream

/o/ as in hot

/6/ as in Coke

/u/ as in Seven Up

/5/ as in blue

/b/ as in boy

IIIc equals /s/ as in cents (10t)

/k/ as in cat

/d/ as in day

/f/ as in four

a equals /g/ as in go/dz/ as in page

/h/ as in he

j equals /dz/ as in jail

/k/ as in kick

/1/ as in Cola

/m/ as in man

/n/ as in man

/p/ as in Or. Pepper

qu equals /kw/ as in gait

In as in run

/s/ as in sun

/t/ as in ten

/v/ as in van

/w/ as in woman

/x/ as in extra

/y/ as in yet (sometimes /6/ asin many)

/z/ as in zebra

/sh/ as in shut

/ch/ as in church

/ng/ as in sis.

/th/ (voiced) as in this

./th/ (unvoiced) as in thing

oo equals /5/ as in food/u/ as in good

14

9

VOCABULARY

'F. basic ignition timing

making the spark plug fire at thecorrect time when the piston isat the top of the compressionstroke

2. click

A noise that is very short. Anoise that sounds like a click canbe made by turning the key on acar and quickly letting go of thekey. This is called "clicking- over"the engine.

3. compression

pushing or squeezing gasoline andair together to make a highpressure

4. compression stroke

when the piston moves up in thecylinder to squeeze the gasoline-air mixture tightly in the cylinderThe piston moves up and both valvesare closed.

5. crankshaft

The part of the engine that turnswhen the piston is pushed down bythe explosion of the gasoline-airmixture. The pistons are connect-ed to the crankshaft.

6. cylinder

The round hole in the engine blockthat the piston fits into. Thepiston moves up and down in thecylinder.

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VOCABULARY (continued)

7. degrees

small parts of a circle. Thedegrees are the numbers themechanic uses to find the pdsition of the piston and crank-shaft.

8. exhaust

to push out of a space. Theburned gas that is left in acylinder when the gasoline isburned. .

9. four-stroke cycle

the order.of events that causes theautomobile engine to run. The fourstrokes of the piston are:intake stroke, compression stroke,power stroke, exhaust stroke.

10. gasoline-air mixture

the explosive gas that is used inthe engine to make it run. Thegasoline must be mixed with aircorrectly to get the best burn-ing and best power.

. 11. identify

to place the correct name on anobject or person. The studentswere told to identify their desksby placing their name on pieces ofpaper.

12. keyswitch

the part in the car where the keyis placed and turned to start theengine. When the keyswitch isturned the crankshaft will turn

. or rotate.

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VOCABULARY (continued)

13. piston

the round part in the engine that. moves up and down and fits intothe cylinder. The piston-is push-ed down by the exploding gasolineand air and then the crankshaftturns.

14. spark plug

the pert of the engine that causesthe gasoline and air to explode.The spark plug is connected to awire and it is put in ehole atthe top of the cylinder.-

15. stroke

to move a part in a straight linefrom one place to another place.The piston moves from the top ofthe cylinder to the bottom. This

is called the piston stroke.

16. timing mark

small numbers on the front of theengine to show the position ofpiston number one. These marks areused to set the "basic ignitiontiming".

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LANGUAGE PAGE

Write the word neatly and correctlyin English in the space available.

1. basic ignition timing

.2. click

3. compression


5. crankshaft

6. cylinder

7. exhaust

8. degrees

9. four-stroke cycle

10. gasoline-air mixture

11. identify

12. keyswitch

13. piston

14. stroke

15. spark plug

16. timing marks

13

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STUDENT ACTIVITY 1

14

OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to identify the Compression stroke andthe exhaust stroke of an engine.

MATERIALS NEEDED: A pencil and Activity 1.

PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activity as described on the

following pages.

EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved this objectivewhen the student has completed the worksheet with all

activities 100% accurate.

19

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1 (continued)

Write in the correct words for steps 1,

2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of this activity.

1. Write the correct name for each

stroke from the list below in the

blank.

intake stroke

compression stroke

power stroke

exhaust stroke

15

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(IfAIRFUELMIXTURE

STROKE STROKE

20

STROKE STROKE


2. Write the name of the stroke

described in each sentence

below.

a. Stroke

The piston moves down and the gasoline-

air mixture comes into the cylinder.

b. Stroke

The piston moves up and squeezes the

gasoline-air mixture together and both

valves are closed.

c. Stroke

The spark plug fires and the piston is

pushed down by the exploding gasoline-

air mixture.

d. Stroke

The piston moves up and the burned mix-

ture is pushed out of the cylinder

through the valve.

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STUDENT ACTIVITY l'(continued)

3. Look at the diagrams below.

Fill-in the blank spaces.

a. Is the air squeezed tighter in the

compression stroke or in the exhaust

stroke?

Stroke

b. The air is squeezed tighter during

the compression stroke because both

valves are----

17

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4. If we remove a spark plug and put a

finger over the spark plug hole, we

feel air coming out of the hole.

More air will be squeezed out the

spark plug hole during the

stroke because

both valves are closed.

5. The stroke of the engine with more

air coming out of the spark plug

hole is the stroke.

6. We can identify the compression

stroke by removing a

plug and placing our finger over

the spark plug

When we feel , we

have found the compression stroke.

18

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19

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2

OBJECTIVE: The student will describe how to "click-over" an engine toposition the piston at the top of the compression stroke.

MATERIALS NEEDED: A pencil and Activity 2.

PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activities as directed on thefollowing pages.

EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved thisobjective when the student has completed the worksheet with100% accuracy.

24


1. 'Look at the drawings below and do

what you are told:

Fill-in each blank using one of

these words: u2., down, turning,

crankshaft, click, key.

The piston is moving

and the crankshaft is

AIR-FUELMIXTURE

2. The pistons move down and up in the

cylinder. This makes the crankshaft

turn or rotate. When we turn the key,

the engine crankshaft rotates and

the pistons move and

20

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3. We can get the pistons to move down

and up by using our hand to turn

the

4. The piston below is moving

and the crankshaft is

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5. When the piston moves

and , the

turns.

6. If we want to move the piston up or

down, we can do this by turning the

key. The engine will make a noise

that sounds like when

we turn the key and let it go. We

can move the pistons by clicking-

over the engine using the

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7. If Wit want the pistons to stop and

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27

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STUDENT ACTIVITY 3

OBJECTIVE: The student will identify the correct time that the spark plug

should fire.

MATERIALS: A pencil and Activity 3.

PROCEDURE: The student will complete the activities as directed on the

following pages:

EVALUATION: The teacher will know that the student has achieved this

objective when the student has completed the worksheet with

all activities 100% correct.

28

23


Read this worksheet very carefully:

Fill-in the blank space with the

correct word or letter.

. J1 1.1.11.1Lo

24

1. The picture below is a drawing of zjimis 4L.141 _

an engine. It is labeled so that 1/4-kJ...a)* I cr. 41.L.S...z

you can find the front of an engine 0.)

and the timing marks.

LEFT SIDE TIMING MARKScajt.41

ENGINE

0 0 0

RIGHT SIDE

Draw an arrow on the engine below

showing the front of the engine.

Label the arrow front.

0

va,00o.h

4:4711.

0 0

0O 5d

ENGINE0 0

I

1:6

3

O 0 0

29

FRONT OF ENGINE

1.4i. uJI 4,

(4.-A 144.1. u41.0


2. Timing marks show the position of

the piston and crankshaft as the

piston moves up and down. The

timing marks are numbers showing

degrees. They are on a plate on

the front of the engine.

Draw an arrow on the engine below.

showing where the timing marks are

located on the engine. Label the

arrow timing-Marks. Draw a circle

around the timing mark "0" degrees.

O

0

O

25

1,rajo J.U1 cz. LIls me= y

Jaz,' v.:Lk/A.11 jCow.k0.1.11coLrlis,01 lotjamil 4.4.2 tjA

Lij i I aZub 42.1.s J..; r1-3 JI

odja..A tr.ls 1.1.,.i.' uis 34.14.J.11=11,1Mm I Mg 1

"Ij+kr tel.Z.41 kjja trIg

j.:.11 Lola

Jj. r.1"Jja"c..4.ya

ENGINE0510c


3. When the crankshaft turns, the

timing mark also turns. When we

'click" the key, the crankshaft

will turn. If the timing marks

are not lined-up correctly, we

have to the key

to turn the crankshaft.

4. When the piston is at the top

of the stroke, the timing mark

"0" degrees lines-up. We can

see if the piston is at the top

of the stroke by looking at the

marks.

5. We can see if the piston is at the

top of the stroke when the timing

mark number is

lined-up.

26

jja., r

"liras jjazc...,.3...tz.n

lai L.I 4044)...J1

IJIA C)I

44,3611,.A JjrAA

1411A IJAA 0,1g1 cole E01 "1.?ja j.letz izzncl.rj,,zji

IJAA i gri LI' LA Lkja

-A.4.16 uji

trio to.1.0.4...J1 01 eljaz 01 0

cl.qajzA 1.0,31.o.3.1.11 4.3 LAJZ.X .6,14.11

31


6. When the timing mark stops. at "0"

degrees, the piston will stop at

the top of the stroke. Which

drawing beloti.shows the piston at

the top of the stroke?

0510e

0

VW

A.

4W

01o=3

io=

7. The spark plug should fire when the

piston is at the top of the compression

stroke. The piston and crankshaft can

be moved to the correct position for

spark plug firing. We can do this

by "clicking" the .

27

74..jaJI-1,zaQ...3.1.1.11 1.011.aLi..1j.1. LA.1Lx 1

41 ..1.,,ail ,..1.61 triu...44.11.i.Ajx.. "j.il"

(7.61 citr.4.4.11 j*kilmo 11U.41 r.I.eJ.11 oril mj

ill jat.11

B. C.

WV

416

0

0

0=3-10=

WV

NEL

WV

V

A

"1,444 ,JJA.11 1....4 43,..11.z olviApit...M0,.. ... V

. .I.Lia.:.11 1.1.:. cris I Sr; 4.1...A.J1 (:),1. et..%

4.141kYal 4.>"A-11., v-04-&11 0.,-'-' 01 0.-00-'01 Cr*

. 7.,.....&11 ...v.t. ,321.1 j>1 0...r...1.-:...11 e.:..0.1

"al," ..,. seV1 145. 0.1.6.:. 01 UmILIA,t


8. The piston is at the top of the

stroke on both the compression

stroke and on the exhaust stroke.

When the spark plug is removed,

we can tell the compression stroke

because air will blow out of the

'spark plug when

the piston is coming up.

9. The spark plug should fire only

at the top of the compression

stroke. The compression stroke is

the stroke that has air blowing

out of the

hole.

10. Draw a spark at the spark plug in

the drawing below to show the

correct basic ignition timing.

28

Y4J4 Y4 114.11 W4A1 A

4.4 a.:./1 L.W.U..., c.AL.N.A.A I j J. Lia.41

4...)11 .4).2.11 lawAt ota ILIBiA I 0.11

V. crzt--e- ',a.J.AJI 1.86:%

Lrls )1 I

J.11..: 01 JJAJI

of trig! Lir/ -WU "Ij.j4

c,.5.1JI Jej4J1 JA IJ.A:

"LaJU sljklb

(03 J,JA larmt a:..; 1.)1J4 1.

(40A L.21 JLA421

t..,eaAAJI

AIRFUELMIXTURE


II. Basic ignition timing is correct

when the.

fires when the piston is at the

top of the stroke.

34

29

"L24.0.1.4, L.. Y i Jt...a111 Qv-11y..

Q.:...3.1b1 1.11

ANSWER SHEET - ACTIVITIES

Activity 1

1. a. intake b. compression

2. a. intake b. compression

3. a. compression b. closed.

4. compression

5. compression

6. spark, hole, air

ACTIVITY 2

1. down, turning

2. up, down

3. key

4. up, turning

5. up, down, crankshaft

6. click, key

7. key

ACTIVITY 3

c. power

c. power

d. exhaust

d. exhaust

3. click

4. timing

5. "0"

6. drawing C

7. key

8. hole

9. spark plug

10: spark plug "b"

11. spark plug, compression

35

30

S

EVALUATION

The pretest should be used for post test evaluation.

PERFORMANCE TEST

The teacher or the aide will also provide the following performance test

if time and facilities perinit:

Obtain an operating engine with number one spark plug removed.

The student will position piston number one at the top of the

compression stroke with 100% accuracy.

36

31

SUPPLEMENTARY PAGE

Books:

Auto Mechanics Fundamentals

Filmstrips:

Fundamentals of the GasolineEngine (filmstrip and cassette)

Auto ShopFordson High School Media

Center

Fordson High School MediaCenter

Kit 629.2, c. 5

37

32

s

Notes

38

0F S BILINGUALDEMONSTRATIONPROJECT

dtiAl 6,00i.0.4.; e li4

dwettui Am

AUTOMO ILE EN I E:FOU -ST KE CYCLE

3.J.,,Y.A;LJIcsJ,

,11.J=L-yt 1 04CA I sc.:A;

39

eABOUT THE PROJECT

The Fordson Arabic Bilingual Demonstration Project is designed to assist

recently arrived Arab students, limited in English proficiency (LEP), to

adapt to a large and comprehensive high school. The project consists of

academic and vocational instructional modules, reading services to teachers

and students, bilingual aide and resource services, computer and television

modules, staff development activities, and home - community liaison.

ABOUT THE INSTRUCTIONAL 1441000LJLEES

The modules were designed to assist LEP students in critical instructional

areas throughout the school curriculum. These areas of focus were determined

by a needs survey of the entire Fordson school community. Each module con-

sists of seven parts: title, objectives, pretest, language (vocabulary and

usage) activities, evaluation, and supplementary materials. Modules were

translated, duplicated, and field tested.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

James E. Vick did his undergraduate work at Western Michigan University

and his graduate training at Eastern Michigan University. James has worked

in the Automotive area at Fordson High School for the past 14 years.

The skills developed in this unit were those he and his students defined

as critical for better understanding Automobile Engine Operation.

Icol,/-7DSpv

BILINGUAL

CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Special Assistance:

Jean H. Miller, Ed.D. - Editor

Pat Coulter - Reading Consultant

Susan Field - Special Needs Coordinator

Albert R. Harp - Translation Editor

Wendy Sample - Graphics

Christine Rajda - Typist

Tahsine Bazzi - Translation

Demonstration Staff:

Clark Burnett - ESL Instructor/Audio-Visual Consultant

Albert Harp - Bilingual Resource Coordinator

Fouad Moawad - Bilingual Instructor

Jim Petrie - Facilitator

Wafa Unis - Instructional Aide/Home Community Liaison

Issaaf Beydoun - Instructional Aide

III Elham Hamdan - Instructional Aide

Karim Michael - Instructional Aide

Rihab Ahmad - Secretary

Dearborn Board of Education:

Agnes Dobronski.- President

Kathleen Walsh - Vice President

Mary Bugeia - Secretary

Suzanne Mcllhiny - Treasurer

Administration:

Ronald Chapman - Trustee

David MacKenzie - Trustee

Ruth Sample - Trustee

Dr. Thomas McLennan - Superintendent

Dr. Fred Schrieber - Director, Division of Instructional Services

Mr. John Dutton - Coordinator, Project Development

Mr. Bill Letsche - Principal, Fordson High School

Special Acknowledgement:

IIIThe interest, concern, and committment of Mr. Harvey Failor, Principal of

Fordson High School from 1964-1982, to the Demonstration Project was a source

of strength and inspiration to us all.

41

Portions of or the entire instructional module may be reproduced

except for commercial purposes without the permission of the author

or the Fordson Bilingual Demonstration Project.

This Project was supported by the United States Department of

Education.

The contents of this instructional module were developed under a

grant for the United Statei Department of Education. However,

those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of that

agency, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal

Government.

42

AUTOMOBILE ENGINE

ENGINE OPERATION, FOUR-STROKE CYCLE

Developed By:

James E. Vick

and

Imad Fadlallah

43

C.

111This bilingual module has been developed to assist limited English

proficiency students in learning the operation of the automobile engine

during the four-strokes of the operating cycle, and idenfifying the

various parts of the engine. This module is designed for students enrol-

led in automotive courses.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The student will be able to explain the operation

of the automobile engine during the four-strokes

of the operating cycle and identify the parts of

the engine by scoring at least 75% on a written

test.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

The student will:

1. explain in writing and orally the operation of

the engine on the intake stroke, compression

stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke.

2. identify the parts of the engine listed below:

pistoncylindercrankshaftconnecting rod

cylinder headvalvecamshafttiming gears

44

piston ringsrocker armvalve springpush rod

2

111.PRETEST _t.1

Which description (A-D) best describes

the parts of the engine listed (1-4).

PART I:

3

&AS a _ 0..,3Lailn 0 1.24

.E cr..

1. intake valve .1

2. exhaust valve1-4.0 T

3. piston Lr-s- .r

4. cylinder .E

A. round plug that slides lip and down

in the cylinder

J.,11

B. hole in cylinder block that contains

piston

C. valve through which fuel mixture urn 1,..1,..11

goes into the cylinder

D. valve through which burned fuel

passes on its way from cylinder

to exhaust manifold

Go on to next page.

45

rJL*JI

PRETEST (continued)

Which description best describes the

parts listed.

PART II:

1. combustion chamber

2. power stroke


4. stroke

A. distance piston moves when travel-

ing from TDC to BDC --Lyn%)

B. area above piston with piston on

top dead center

C. piston's movement used for trans-

mitting power of burning fuel

mixture to crankshaft.

D. piston's movement used for

compressing the fuel mixture

in the engine cylinder.

Go on to next page.

4

eloJA uric J.564..e 0.4ILL,..1...4,0j

.

01.).111

_ _ e,.JJI .

bt _x,.11 1.7t. .r

1_14 .E

LLAL..11 _

_ tx.1.1M aloi:J LTA ero L.4 .J1

-_ uo _ 110.1.J1

Ly..4.A.11

Jj.sAA uM jj4.341.13,4i. 6!..,;?1 Cre 1?.:iLL.11

crL,9".74.1 I

46

ail_e-JI ILL I IL.

PRESTEST (continued)

Select the correct answer.

PART III:

The order of the four strokes of the

cycle are:

A. exhaust, power, intake, compression

B. compression, exhaust, power, intake

C. intake, compression, power, exhaust

D. power, compression, intake, exhaust

2.

It takes revolution/s of

the crankshaft to complete one cycle.

A. 1

F1. 2

C. 4

D. 8

5

c.,1ALJI t.e I y,JI J I

t.Jt,.",JIJI

iaLej111 11.1.4,11 Le,Izjp:. 01

tg.A.X.JLS jib

UAL 1 4.2..11:1-:, 1

tz,11-i.L 1 1

I I

:a ,..b Uri:, I

qi4.74,.11 isj,ft, 01 1..).4.

JS, a> 1 j ij J LAS 1 /

3. r

The parts that keep the camshaft

rotating correctly with the

crankshaft are:

A. timing chains

B. timing gears

C. timing belts

D. all of the above

Go on to nextpage.

-

A

ijj...11 4,_U1 e6.111 01

: 4r° l'?-1A" qJJ'' OIJJJ

47

J-11J1

14.)al

61LX I ,,,S,1-6.11 JS

;Le-It-L:11 i.oJI L,Il di. I

PRETEST (continued)

PART IV: Fill in the blanks with the

correct words.

6

t1.71.11 11.41

1. These are the four strokes of thecycle.

A. The number 1 in the diagram above

is the stroke.

B. The number 2 in the diagram above

is the stroke.

AIRFUELMIXTURE

.,1l I I ji ail .6I I tea as*

1.5,4J jib 1 _ 1

C. The number 3 in the diagram above jib r c

is the stroke.

D. The number 4 in the diagram above

is the stroke.

Go on to next page.

48

jib 1 rij r.J.11 _

i_,J ,JI vim I

PRETEST (continued)

PART IV (continued)

Using diagram, answer the

following questions.

7

(&l..:1 e.,I,J1 s.)..J1

41.z.11 44A,"...11 f.....JJ1 J....11.1..1

Le-I t...:J1 1-11.11 4,-Lc .,.....1. I j

2. Study figure number 1:

piston is moving

valves are

, both

, spark

plug is , so this is

the stroke

Go on to next page.

AIRFUELMIXTURE

49

ls .

P41 ta-riluv.)-11 T

jj.t.0 LiLial I CLAW 0 " Lo-^if

J. J.:J1 I as 0.11 cJj..3

1.,JUIA 1,...A4A uJI,A..1

PRETEST (continued)

PART IV: (continued)

3. In the diagram above, figure

piston is moving , the

valve is

and the valve is

, so this is the

stroke.

4. In the diagram above, figure 3:

valve is

air fuel mixture is drawn into

cylinder, valve is

, so this is the

stroke.

Go on to next page

8

(I(AIRFUELMIXTURE

v:. l,4 t,m T ri, tri

A r L.Amo

yj yb

yj JI r Leo 1J;a53

JI Jo ..7.6 I .11

1,f4 1..%).11 r lj.1.0' y4

LJLa tri JI r L4

4,i)fi

LJLa yj yr Jr L4

A o.:11

50

1.,JL:J1 1,..i40 up-1Iva.!

-r

PRETEST (continued)

PART IV (continued)

Using diagram, answer the

following queitions

(e,.La.z1 &1J-11

9

both valves are piston is

moving , so this is the

stroke.

AIRFUELMIXTURE

u...4.11 ---....-----...- $S

Dal

JI

51

PRETEST ANSWER KEY

PART I

1. C

2. D

3. A

4. B

PART II

1. B

2. .03. D

4. A

PART III

1. C

2. B

3. D

PART IV

1. (A) power(B) exhaust(C) intake(D) compression

2. down, closed, firing, power3. up, exhaust, open, intake, closed, exhaust

4. intake, open, exhaust, closed, intake5. closed, up, compression

52

10

11

ID PRONUNCIATION KEY

/a/ as in Adam /m/ as in man

/X/ as in cake /n/ as in man

/e/ as in let /p/ as in Dr. Pepper

/e/ as in meet qu equals /kw/ as in guit

/i/ as in sit In as'in run

/3/ as in ice cream /s/ as in sun

/o/ as in hot /t/ as in ten

/57 as in Coke /v/ as in van

/u/ as in Seven Up /w/ as in woman

/5/ as in blue /x/ as i;:, extra

/b/ as in boy /y/ as in yet (sometimes /61 as

411in man

c equals /s/ as in cents (10t)y.)

/k/ as in cat /z/ as in zebra

/d/ as in day /sh/ as in shut

/f/ as in four /ch/ as in church

g equals /g/ as in 99 /ng/ as in sing.

/dz/ as in paRe/th/ (voiced) as in this

/h/ as in he./th/ (unvoiced) as in thing

j equals /dz/ as in jailoo equals /5/ as in food

/k/ as in kick /u/ as in good

/1/ as in Cola

53

LANGUAGE PA c.

1. block (brok)

main part of the engine containingcylinders

2. camshaft (kim' shift')

a shaft inthe engine used to openthe valve

3. camshaft gear (kieshift' ger)

gear that is used to drive camshaft;one part of the timing gear

4. combustion (Om bas' ch5n)

burning of the gasoline and airmixture

5. compression (kOm prish' rin)

squeezing gasoline and air tightly

together; this gives it more bowerwhen burned

6. connecting rod (0 nekt' ing rod)

connecting part between piston andcrankshaft

7. crankshaft (kringk shift')

to transfer the up and down move-ment of the piston to a circularmotion

8. crankshaft gear (kringk shift' ger)

gear mounted on front of crankshaftused to drive the crankshaft

9. cylinder (s71' In dEr)

round hole in the block that thepiston moves up and down In

12

t!J

.U.1.11 .:r

Q.t'..1.."6,..11 L7'

4.. t-SJI T

czjJ ai.mx

Q.LALSX r

Q,LALSM Jt. c 1j1.31 jAlakzz

--/1-1. I ."..)- Cr" Vb./

jljz>I E

I -rill., Cre):-n I

.6 ILiu:A 0

%Link, ylb

413.a.d I arbi

1

IALS

Q43..611 y

J

1.,....)41 J iS fa ta..11

4.11JM Jj..AA A

444jJAA a,,Ar.11 14.1.114 Jr

aj...r.11 1;;s ljlaV jaj

54

tri LS sill .1 tfrb

u_lx I L4 el

LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)

10. cylinder head (sil' in der hed)

covers top of cylinder In many casesthe cylinder head contains the valves.

11. exhaust stroke (eg z6st strak)

4th movement of piston used to pushburned gases from cylinder

12. valve lifter

round piece ofthe camshaft

13. intake stroke

(valv lift e'r)

metal that rides on

(in' tik striik)

movement of the piston that pullsgasoline and air to cylinder

14. intake valve ( in' tik valv)

engine part that opens to letgasoline and air into cylinder

15. exhaust valve (eg zost valv)

part of the engine that opensto let burned gasoline and airout of the cylinder

16. four-stroke cycle (si'k'l)

The way that the engine runs. Twocomplete revolutions of crankshaftto fire each piston once. The fourstrokes are: intake, compression,power, exhaust

17. stroke (strok)

distance piston moves when travel-ing from the top of the cylinderto the bottom of .the cylinder

13

01.)

1.....,1,00.411

I

kris!Iv. j

I 1

.s..112.11 I

I jLAJI0.4

(0-41.1.11 eIJ IT

12.165.

ir

Lea-1.z y.:JI

I

IZ

W1.72.41.11

I .26.91 k.,11 1.'0_2

10

cz-iLLz elj.2.41.11 0,0 lAlmi

1L1 JA1A I cp... jj

11.5.2,11 ijja.0 _ 11y.S.J yzJI 1.1.1j1) ya

. cro 0,4-L-L' *LS ,rezjja es)-4,

1.)..1.1M ;ya 1.2..e.)11 11_0211

1.:4_0m-11 LT-161 LtaL-Ie

. L1 i L.,J1

55

LANGUAGE PAGE (continued)

18. timing gears (tim ing gerz)

the two gears attached to the cam-shaft and the crankshaft These

gears cause the camshaft to beturned by the crankshaft.

19. piston (pis' tan)

a round plug that slides up anddown in cylinder

20. piston ring (pis'tun ring)

a part that goes around the pistonto stop gasoline and air fromgoing between the piston and -cylinder

21. rocker arm (rOki-er)

arm used to direct upward motionof pushrod into a downward oropening motion of the valve

22. push rod (pdosh rad)

rod that connects valve lifter torocker arm Used on valve-in-

head installation.

23. valve spring. (vilv spring)

used to keep valves closed

14

jLIA (v.,' ) A

Ji...aJ '..*T441Zall cre...)41

la .c,L.L5.11 (ILL.'S) 446.i.).0

vibuewzMtriij....J1 16.1j,

Ji.I u-UI .L314.

lz,I,12..11

1.1.1a T.

.4" I ..?" I j tYSAJI cme-e

evz-s EIJ3 T1

EIJZI EIJ3

L.41; iSJ> .11 J1 1),A "..11 t.klA

56

ejail LI JJ TT

t17:1JL.. jaj, el j3

f1-14-11 Tr

La.a.11 1 L.L. )1 J.-az...,

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1

DIRECTIONS:

correct

Page

1.

2.

Fill in the blanks with the

vocabulary. Refer to the Language

if necessary.

There are valves in a

four cylinder engine.

The fastens the piston

to the crankshaft.

3. The is the 4th movement

devoted to push out burned gases

from cylinder.

4. In the air fuel mixtureI 1

is drawing into the cylinder while

the is open.

5. The prevent the leak be-

tween the piston and the cylinder wall.

6. The contains the

cylinders.

7. The transfer the up

and down movement of the piston to

a circular notion.

8. In the stroke, the piston

is pushed down.

9. The is the distance that

the piston travels.

tlja 9.41

oLS I I lAbt

L. Leda

15

...6.1

A T44jjp-11

11.i.e1J)I JA

1.:.1,h...11 0.4 L3jjp,..1Jhz:J.)LiJI ajJa6.1

r..,*J1.5 .1_0.01 - E

"

57

op jjaz

I "6...1 I j 0,

sr 1

cl LL I 11

uLS.JI A y

.a.4.,LIJ :Sy (.0 44J...AZJI., IMJLIMA

JI A

J.L. 1 I

A

LI-21a,


10. let the crankshaft

turn the camshaft.

11. The is used to direct

upward motion of pushrod into a

downward or opening motion of the

valve.

58

16

JI

tz. LSJI I

J.djazJ

J1 1..",* SJs JI e-aa El.);)

FL...a

I1

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2

FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET

1. (A) Study the drawing shownbelow. Remember the namesof the parts and where theyare located.

CYLINDER HEAD

suAi ji Lei.)

17

. Jr. LW! projJ, Le.) J I ( 1 )

411.*Ajljwie 0.0j eLJA JSZ.V.;

CYLINDER

PISTON RINGS

%).,L1...eI I Cr L3.1>

CONNECTING ROD

e.J.3

CRANKSHAFT

( el.t. I ) I

59

PISTON

oJz--e


(B) Label the parts of the enginedrawing below:

cylinder

cyl'nder head

piston rings

piston

crankshaft

connecting rod

18

. 41-......11 I..".....).. J1 .41...,..,....J1 thi

4

60

6

19

III STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 (continued)

2. (A) Study the drawing shown below. LL.31 ,.III f....J.JI v.v.)! ( 1 ) T

Remember the names of theparts and where they arelocated.

(B) Look at these parts in yourauto shop.

ROCKER ARM

11. Lao-lt Ia.?) el,:,

.4.il,.. ,,,, el.....im 11.......1 _AI:.

1.1.4, we ekix .ah uJI _ALI (,...)

.c...1.)1.....11

VALVE

ti t-4

VALVE SPRING

1 l....0-11 uo LI.)

PUSHRODe.i4-11 el ,J

CAMSHAFTc.-,t....t.sii .3.,..t...

TIMING GEARS.a.,...i.,zli Q.L.:.......

61


2. (C) Label these parts of the engineon the drawing below:

timing gears

pushrod

rocker arm

valve

camshaft

valve spring

20

(.7.6 eloJA ea, (c.) r

: aLLJI

eia eljZ)

e' jai

rlao

Lilt

9

G2

12

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3

FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET

*Read this worksheet carefully and

do as you are told.

Write in the correct words in the blank

spaces.

Use correct spelling and write neatly.

A. Look at the picture on the next

page and write in the correct words

below.

21

ea* ijilel.L.4

I. I j 14...4.1.1 I I

ajyaM u.11 j.6.11

14-11.11-e Ul

1. When the crankshaft turns, the Ldj_Nz,. ,trLij..J1 ,jam,

piston moves and

the valve is open. os,s., "

The valve is

closed.

2. When the piston moves down, it

pulls and

into the cylinder.

3. This stroke of the cycle is call-

ed the stroke.

4. The job of the intake stroke is

to pull dno air into

the cylinder.

5. The stroke is

the first stroke of the four-

stroke cycle.

"JI

63

. 1L1j6...11

ze.j.pm v.. Ii4J1 las. _ r

JI

1j.1. 0I

. u.11 AIstaj

jj1 JI .10 jzs, 0

Zjja


All/ FOUR STROKE CYCLE WORKSHEET

Intake Valve

22

1..54_11 ;1_45.0 l>..A40

Intake Stroke

-12,rt

64

Exhaust Valve

Piston


B. Look at the picture at the bottom of

the page and write the correct words

on the lines below.

1. When the crankshaft turns one more

one-half turn, the piston moves

and the intake valve

and the exhaust valve are both

2. Because the gasoline and air cannot

go out the valves, it is squeezed

in the cylinder above the

3. During the stroke, the

gasoline and air are compressed.

4. The piston moves up and both valves

are closed during the

stroke.

5. The stroke is the

second stroke of the four-stroke

cycle.

Intake Valve

Gasoline and Air

23

1.4 jjw.1 kjj41.11 Q41 sALI Ur.

4.:Lij.4A jja.., L. LS

0.15,0 Wa.p.z.1

Cm:r.:-.11 1,-6 tjj.> T

lab 01_1 80,..41-4.4.11 0.4

JI jj..i

12,-6 I A .12j4 r

11.5 cric UJI u"-tCm-n

JI k, 5 I 0 L. uweJi

up

3.1-1

jA JI 1.1..t o

Exhaust Valve

Piston

Compression Stroke16\ 1J,1

24


C. Look at the picture below and write eLLJI uA _

the correct words on the lines. ix

1. In this stroke, both the valves are 1LS .12.:JI . _

2. During the stroke, es,, A .12,,.z T

the is pushed down. . uA A

3. The of the piston

turns the ji

4. The power stroke is the bpi S _ E

stroke of the cycle. k.Aiail

5. During the stroke, c,1)- A o

the air-fuel mixture is 11.54-A

Power Stroke1.J.1

66


D. Look at the picture below and write

in the correct words.

1. When the crankshaft turns one-half

turn the piston moves

and the intake valve is

but the exhaust valve is

2. When the piston moves up, it pushed

burned and

out of

3. This stroke of the cycle is called

the stroke.

4. The job of the exhaust stroke is

to gases out of the

cylinder.

5. The exhaust stroke is the

of the four stroke cycle.

25

eLL..11 'aj).41.11 0,11 J

71,,.

)

.5,1a 1. L .o L.1

4.LL-i 0-611 uA...,..S.J1 T

JIB JI t;4.1

A U. L.,J1C.)

41jA r

JLA _ 1.54A 11,16) 01 E

uJItR°

a:,1 j13-11

67

j ji2J1 Joy.: o

da J11 .101 I 3 'aj j,111

Exhaust Stroke

eANSWER KEY

STUDENT ACTIVITY 1: STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 B:

1. 8

2. connecting rod

3. exhaust stroke4. intake stroke, intake valve5. rings

6. engine block7. crankshaft8. power9. stroke

10. timing chain11. rocker arm

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 B:

1. cylinder head2. piston rings3. connecting rod4. crankshaft

6. piston5. cylinder

STUDENT ACTIVITY 2 C:

7. rocker arm

8. valve spring9. pushrod

10. valve11. camshaft12. timing gears

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 A:

1. downward, intake exhaust2. air, fuel

3. intake4. fuel

5. intake

1. upward, closed2. piston3.. compression4. compression5. compression

.

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 C:

1. closed2. power, piston3. movement, crankshaft4. third

power, burned

STUDENT ACTIVITY 3 D:

1. upward, closed, open2. gasoline, air, cylinder3. exhaust4. push

5. fourth

68

26

EVALUATION

27

The pretest should be used for post-test evaluation.

The teacher can also elect to do evaluation during

a discussion activity. The main instruments for dis-

cussion will be projections of transparencies of the

engine diagrams in this module.

69

28

MATERIALS USED

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

LOCATION

Textbook:

"Auto Mechanics Fundamentals" Auto shop and Fordson Media

Center

Film:

"ABC's of Internal Combustion" Dearborn Public Schools Media

Center

Filmstrip:

"Engine Operation" 4 FS and Cassette Fordson Media Center

70

DOCUMENT RESUME - ERIC · DOCUMENT RESUME. U. 042 322. Vick, James E. Automobile Engine: Basic...

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