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DOCUMENT
ON
ADV ANT AGES OFFERED BY ORISSA FOR
BIOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS
SUBMITTED TO
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT OF ORISSABHUBANESWAR
PREPARED BY
BIOTECH CONSORTIUM INDIA LIMITEDNEW DELHI
SEPTEMBER 2005
CONTENTS
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Executive summary
1. Introduction 1
2. Methodology 6
3. 9
3.1
3.2
910
Major constraints in the development of biotechindustry and favourable factors for accelerated
developmentConstraintsFactors favoring accelerated development
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
13
13
14
15
Concept of biotechnology parksFunctions
ManagementFunding
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
16
161616
1821
2123242428
Key resources
Geographical featuresAgro-climatic conditionsRich biodiversityVariety of crops
WastelandsAquatic resourcesTransport and communication
Industrial infrastructureEducation and scientific infrastructureHuman resources
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
31
3138
4344
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Potential biotech industry for the state
AgricultureHealthcareProcess industries
AquacultureMarine biotechnologyEnvironment biotechnology
537. State Government's biotech policy and support
8. Locations 55
9.
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
57
57
57
58
61
Management structure proposed for biotech parks
International technology parksManagement models
Indian experienceProposed model for Orissa biotech parks
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10. Financial support from Government of India 62
11. Conclusions and recommendations 66
Annexes
Questionnaires for research institutes/universities, industriesand government departments
2 Resource persons met for Orissa biotech park
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Commercial applications in biotechnology are growing rapidly allover the
world in the fields of human and animal health care, agriculture, environment
management and process industries. India has been active in research and
development in biotechnology for the last 15 years and Indian industry has made a
foray in modern biotechnology with the production of diagnostics and therapeutics,
based on recombinant DNA, and introduction of transgenic plants.
The commercial success and profitable operation of biotech companies have
enhanced the interest in biotechnology as a means of economic progress. In this
context, several state governments have taken initiatives for providing infrastructure
facilities and incentives for accelerated commercial development of biotechnology.
One such initiative has been setting up of biotechnology parks.
The Orissa Government is keenly interested in supporting growth of
biotechnology industry in the state by attracting investment in biotech incubation and
industrial manufacture into the state. As the first step, the government would like to
identify and project the advantages the state offers for the sector. In this context,
Biotech Consortium India Ltd (BCIL) was approached by the state government
through the Science & Technology Department to prepare a document identifying the
advantages of Orissa state as a destination for setting up biotechnology industries
for presentation to potential entrepreneurs within and outside the State. Based on
the interest shown by the entrepreneurs and their feedback on specific requirements
of facilities expected by them for technology incubation, the structure and
components of one or more biotech parks that may be established can be defined.
The study was conducted by an in-house team of BCIL. Basic information on
resources of the state was collected by desk research, which covered the
geographical features, biodiversity and agriculture, status of higher education and
research in biotechnology in universities, research institutions and industry, the
areas of specialisation in these centres and the status of industrial development in
the state. BCIL also interacted with senior officers of the government departments
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and industrial development agencies. Detailed individual discussions were also held
with and senior faculty members of biotechnology departments in universities,
Directors and senior scientists of research institutes engaged in biotechnology
research and industries dealing in related areas such as pharmaceuticals and
agriculture,
Based on the inputs from the above discussions, BCIL team could tentatively
identify the following thrust areas in biotechnology for development in Orissa.
1 Agriculture
Biopesticides
Biofertilisers
2. Aquaculture and marine
biotechnologySelective breeding and
controlled culture of fish and
Tissue culture
Organic farming
Genetically modified crops
prawns
Bioactive compounds from
marine organisms
Feed, diagnostics &
therapeutics
4. Process industries
Enzymes
3. Healthcare
Diagnostics
-Clinical trials
Contract research and
manufacturing
Medicinal plant extraction
5. Environmental biotechnology
Phytoremediation
Biomineral processing
Biofuels
The advantages offered by the state for the development and application of
processes and products in the above thrust areas are as follows:
1 The state has a very strong agricultural base, with ten distinct agro
climatic zones which allow cultivation of a variety of agricultural and
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horticultural crops, floriculture, food grains and pulses, oilseeds, spices
and medicinal plants. Productivity can be enhanced and considerable
value addition achieved through biotechnology inputs such as
biofertilisers and biopesticides, tissue culture, organic farming and
introduction of transgenic plants.
2. The state has a large area of water bodies, including freshwater,
brackish water and seawater. A 480 km long coastline with a continental
shelf area of 24,000 sq. km., the largest brackish water lake of Asia,
namely Chilika lake and the second largest mangrove in India namely
Bhitarkanika covering nearly 200 sq. km are sources of rich marine
biodiversity such as algae, seaweeds, sponges, turtles, horseshoe crabs,
shell fishes, prawn, shrimp and marine fishes. These resources are at
present underutilised. Biotechnology based improvements can increase
the stock, quality and exportability as well as productivity of a variety of
species for aquaculture, such as freshwater prawns, tiger prawns, crabs
and oysters. The State is also home to famous olive ridley turtles and
crabs similar to L;mulus polyphenues of USA used for testing of bacterial
entotoxin. High value bioactive compounds can be produced by culture
of marine algae. Pearl culture is another activity that can be taken up.
3 There are prestigious agricultural universities in the state, which are
either already engaged in research work related to the above fields or
have capabilities by way of scientific manpower in the faculty as well as
the necessary equipment to develop the products and procedures
required for the above biotechnology interventions. These include the
Behrampur University, Behrampur; Orissa University of Agriculture &
Technology, Bhubaneswar; Sambalpur University, Sambalpur; Regional
Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar; Central Rice Research Institute,
Cut tack; Utkal University, Bhubaneswar and Central Institute for Fresh
Water Aquaculture; Bhubaneswar. Well-established technologies and
processes for these products can also be obtained at a reasonable cost
from industries outside the state, which have been successfully
practicing them for a number of years.
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4. A few industries engaged in pharmaceutical production outside the state
such as USV Limited and East India Pharmaceuticals have shown
interest in setting up units in the areas of biopharmaceuticals and
nutraceuticals if adequate support is available from the government as
well as research faculties of the institutes in the state. A satisfactory
mechanism for harnessing support from the research institutes, could
also attract entrepreneurs from other states to try their hands at biotech
based healthcare products
5 There are a number of processes utilised by the industry, in areas such
as jute processing, leather processing, paper and pulp, textiles, and food
processing, which require a variety of enzymes. Orissa is abundant in
raw materials for cost effective production of enzymes. There are no
sophisticated enzyme manufacturing units in the state and the demand
can be met by setting up a few units for them. Technologies for
production of such enzymes are available in national laboratories such
as Jadavpur University, University of Calcutta, Indian Institute of
Technology, all in West Bengal and the Central Leather Research
Institute, Chennai and the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune.
6 A number of technologies, relevant to the state, such as
micropropagation for horticulture plants, medicinal plants and spices are
available from other sources in the country 1 which have potential for
large-scale application in the state. The industries and entrepreneurs
who have these technologies would be interested to come to the state
and set up facilities locally to cater to the growing large demand in the
state.
7 Utkal University, Sambalpur University and Orissa University of
Agricultural Technology and many research institutes in the state have
postgraduate programme and doctoral programmes in life sciences,
which will ensure availability of the top calibre manpower required for
promoting and sustaining biotechnology industry. The state also has a
high degree of development in information technology, which will
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complement the life sciences expertise for setting up bioinformatics
facilities. These centres of higher learning can also provide guidance
through the expert faculty in life sciences and biotechnology to units
availing themselves of the facilities in the technology incubators in future
biotechnology parks. The academia and the scientific faculty might also
consider becoming entrepreneurs and can support the growth of
biotechnology industry, which is highly knowledge-based, provided the
necessary policy support and fund support for developing innovations,
particularly based on their own inventions are made available.
8 Orissa has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plants with approximately 130
species of commercially relevant herbal plants of medicinal, aromatic
and cosmetic value. The State Medicinal Plant Board (SMPB) is
promoting large-scale cultivation of many commercially important
medicinal plants native to the State and has brought approximately 800
acres of land under cultivation. Herbal formulations with biocidal
properties against pests, therapeutics for fishes and humans and for
mosquitocidal properties are being developed in various research
institutes in Orissa.
9. The state offers immense opportunity for conducting clinical trials due to
diverse genetic make up of its population and the prevalence of a
number of diseases and conditions like malaria, filariasis, tuberculosis
and cancer. The invaluable data on disease incidence, prevalence and
management have been generated over years of experience. RMRC has
been involved in conducting clinical trials for drugs against
communicable and non-communicable diseases such as filariasis
malaria, helminthic infections, cholera and haemoglobinopathy.
10. Orissa being rich in minerals has attracted a number of mining and
processing industries to the state. The existing metallurgical processes
are based on chemical methods. These processes are unable to extract
the metals from low-grade ores cost effectively because of their low
metal content and are generally discarded in waste heaps, leading to
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environmental pollution. Bio-mineral process technology uses specific
types of microorganism for different steps, which can extract these
metals cost effectively and in eco-friendly fashion from low-grade ores,
concentrates and wastes. Bio-mineral processing encompasses different
component namely bio- leaching, bio-beneficiation, bioremediation, strain
improvement and process engineering. Regional Research Laboratory
(RRL), Bhubaneswar and Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, have
developed and commercialized a number of technologies in this area.
11 Orissa state has a very well-developed infrastructure. It is serviced by
two major ports, one airport and a wide network of roads and
communication. The state is surplus in power. It has been successful in
promoting and managing two agri export zones and growth centres. The
managerial experience, and the quality-control expertise gained from
these activities will stand the State in good stead for promoting
biotechnology parks and industrial clusters.
12 The strategic location of the state with West Bengal, Jharkhand, Madhya
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh close to it offers great potential for
development of markets for biotech products manufactured in the state.
Technologies and practices perfected in the State could have a spinoff
effect in the neighbouring areas including the northeastern states, which
have been adopted by the Government of India for special intensive
development. Therefore, industries and entrepreneurs entering into
biotechnology activity in Orissa can look forward to a promising market
for the products as well as for their technologies or expert services.
13. The state offers an excellent social, cultural and civic infrastructure which
will help in attracting a high level of scientific and intellectual talent
particularly in cities such as Bhubaneswar identified for setting up
Biotech Parks.
14. Even though the state is not very well-developed in biotechnology based
industries, it has a very long and established tradition of industrial
culture, particularly in mining, paper and pulp and the agro industries
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Future biotech industries can benefit from the managerial talent and the
corporate culture, nurtured by these industries.
15 The state has announced a draft biotechnology policy providing several
incentives for new biotech industries and other activities. This coupled
with the incentives announced for the biotechnology sector in the Union
Budget 2005 makes this biotechnology initiative of the Orissa
government, timely and appropriate.
16 The State Government has identified two locations for setting up Biotech
parks, one for general biotech park at Patrapada in Bhubaneswar and
the other for marine biotech park at Chandrabhaga near Konark.
As biotechnology industry is still in a state of infancy in the state, its
development will have a considerable component of technology incubation,
particularly because of the high level of intellectual talent available in the universities
and the centres of research in the state. It would therefore be very appropriate for
the state government to encourage setting up of infrastructure facilities for research
and development in commercially important areas of biotechnology, technology
validation, pilot plants for technology scale up and demonstration etc. Based on the
experience of technology parks allover the world, especially those with a strong
biotechnology focus, some of the state governments in India have taken steps to set
up biotechnology parks to facilitate accelerated development of commercial
biotechnology. These include Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Ut tar Pradesh,
Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Punjab.
As commercial biotechnology has a long gestation period, units in a
biotechnology park would take a few years before becoming self-sustaining and
profitable. Therefore, it will not be realistic to expect that private enterprise can take
up on their own the task of setting up a biotech parks. In all the above States, the
initiative and investment has been by the state government to start with, and some of
them had been successful in identifying a progressive joint-venture partner to
manage the park at a later stage. For example, the biotechnology park in Andhra
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Pradesh, which was initiated by the government of Andhra Pradesh, became a joint-
venture with the induction of Shapoorji Pallonji, a reputed construction firm.
Similarly, the initial phase of development of any biotechnology park in Orissa
should be spearheaded by a State Government agency and efforts made to identify
suitable private partner for further development and management of the park.
As the park attracts a large enough number of clients to form a growing and
self-sustaining cluster, the government could attract private participation for funding,
as well as management.
To be successful, the park should have close linkages with one or more
universities or research institutions. This would provide the essential intellectual
inputs and consultancy support from the faculty. It would also encourage scientists
with entrepreneurial leanings to make use of the facilities in the park at affordable
costs to try out any innovative ideas they might have.
Generally, the biotechnology park will have three components, namely, a
biotechnology incubator, common instrumentation and service facilities and pilot
scale facilities for small and medium production enterprises. The incubators will
consist of fully equipped modular laboratories for validation and scale up of a
processes, which could be rented out to entrepreneurs or companies. The
instrumentation facility will again provide specialised instruments and equipment
required for testing, analysis and standardisation of products in the area identified for
development in the park. The service facilities would include communication,
recreation, consultancy, both technical as well as venture capital funding agencies,
and also an auditorium and seminar halls for periodic interaction from experts within
and from outside the park complex.
The park should also allocate some area for setting up commercial units as
early as possible, so as to enhance the revenue of the establishment, particularly
small and medium production units or units, promising a high value addition, such as
bioinformatics.
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The general basic infrastructure of the park such as land, buildings and
utilities will have to be provided by the state government. However, it would be
possible to source a certain portion of the funds required for setting up of the
specialised instrumentation and other equipment, particularly for the technology
incubators from the Government of India, through the DBT, DIT or the DST.
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1. INTRODUCTION
As a frontier area in modern science and technology, biotechnology has made
rapid strides as a knowledge-based industry during the last two decades and has
made significant contributions to the economy in the fields of agriculture, human and
animal health care, environment management and processing industries. The last
century witnessed remarkable developments based on physical sciences in the fields
such as atomic energy, information technology and polymers and the present
century is expected to witness far more significant advances in life sciences. A
parallel is often drawn on the future developments of biotechnology, which manifests
the practical applications of life sciences, to the advances in information technology
as a manifestation of physical sciences in recent years. However, the growth of
biotechnology has so far been much slower than that of information technology, as
biotechnology requires collaboration and coordination of biological sciences with
other disciplines such as chemical and process engineering. Development of new
biotech products and processes involve long gestation periods and calls for large
investments, particularly because of the stringent regulatory procedures involved in
release of the products in the market.
The growth of the biotechnology industry was most prominent in the
developed world, with the USA and countries in the European Union taking the lead.
Realising the potential and importance of biotechnology, India had also initiated
steps, almost at the same time as the developed countries, to promote biotechnology
industry, with the Government of India setting up a Department of Biotechnology
(DBT) in 1986, to plan, guide, oversee and promote biotechnology development in
the country .DBT has sponsored nearly two thousand research projects since then
in Indian universities and research institutions, initiated collaborative research with
reputed centres in developed countries and assisted in developing higher education
in biotechnology in the existing institutions through post graduate and doctoral
programs. It has also set up on its own institutions, such as the National Institute of
Immuninology and the National Brain Research Centre, for developing biotechnology
in specialised areas. Support has also been extended for development of
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appropriate infrastructure for accelerated development of biotechnology, such as
germ plasm banks, depositories for microbial strains, facilitation of intellectual
property protection, biotechnology incubators and biotechnology parks.
Apart from the efforts of the central government in promoting biotechnology, a
few modern biotech industries have been set up through private enterprise, such as
Biocon, Bharat Biotech International and Shantha Biotechnics, which produce
advanced biotechnology products such as enzymes and vaccines catering to the
health care and the processing industries sectors, using state-of-the-art techniques
involving recombinant DNA and fermentation,. A genetically modified (transgenic)
crop, namely, Bt cotton developed by Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company
(MAHYCO) was approved for commercial cultivation in India three years ago. The
modified plant incorporates a gene from a bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt),
resistant to the American bollworm, a major pest on cotton, reducing the requirement
of chemical pesticides in cotton cultivation. Bt cotton has been accepted by the
farmers and its use is growing steadily since its introduction. Many successful units
have also been in operation involving less complex biotechnology processes such as
immunodiagnostics, biofertilisers and biopesticides, and mass multiplication of elite
varieties of plants for forestry I horticulture and floriculture through micropropagation
or tissue culture .
The commercial success and profitable operation of these companies have
led to an increasing interest in biotechnology as a means of economic progress. In
this context, several State governments have taken initiatives aimed at providing
facilities for accelerated commercial development of biotechnology. One of the
means by which this was proposed to be achieved was by setting up biotechnology
parks, where facilities for technology incubation, technology demonstration, pilot
plant studies are provided at an affordable cost for validation and scale up of
technologies initially developed or acquired by intending entrepreneurs and
technocrats, providing them assistance for troubleshooting through expert
consultancy from scientific faculty in universities and research institutions and for
sourcing funds for further development through networking with venture capitalists
and other financial institutions. Developed land has also been offered for setting up
regular commercial units in some of the parks. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka,
2
Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and UP (in Lucknow as well as Greater NOIDA)
are some of the States which have taken steps to set up of biotechnology parks at
the instance of the State governments through their various development agencies.
Biotech Consortium India Ltd had assisted in the development of business plans for
some of these parks
The Government of Orissa is keen to give an impetus to the growth of
biotechnology industry in the State. They are also examining the feasibility of setting
up one or more biotechnology parks in the State as one of the means for rapid
development of biotechnology processes and products, taking advantage of the rich
natural resources and biodiversity in the State, expertise available in life sciences
and allied fields in universities as well as research institutions and other strategic
advantages. (The State Government has prepared a draft biotech policy to provide
optimal support for the growth of the sector in the form of fiscal incentives and
infrastructure development). In this context, Biotech Consortium India Ltd., (BCIL)
was approached to prepare a document identifying the advantages of Orissa state
as a destination for setting up biotechnology industries, as well as for product and
process development by setting up appropriate infrastructure facilities and utilizing
the expert scientific and industrial manpower in the State.
The viability and a successful operation of biotechnology parks would depend
upon the number of quality clients that could be attracted to use the facilities in the
park so as to form a synergistic biotech industries cluster and also to set up
independent, stand alone production units. The initial task of the government would
be to identify and project the favorable factors in the State for development of
biotechnology and for investment in the sector, which could be presented to potential
entrepreneurs within the State as well as from outside in an investors'/entrepreneurs'
meet. Based on the interest shown by the entrepreneurs, their background, the
specific requirements of facilities expected by them in the park, the structure and
optimal components of the park can be defined. This exercise would form the basis
for working out a comprehensive plan for setting up one or more biotechnology
parks
Biotech Consortium India Limited (BCIL) was set up by the Department of
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Biotechnology and the all India financial institutions to provide the linkages among
universities, research laboratories, industry, funding agencies and the central and
State governments for accelerated commercialization of biotechnology. Activities of
BCIL include technology transfer, consultancy, information dissemination, manpower
training and placement, and funds syndication related to biotechnology industries.
During the past five years, it has done considerable work in assisting State
governments in developing plans for setting up biotechnology parks. In this context,
it had also studied the structure and working of more than 10 technology parks
having an emphasis on biotechnology in the US, UK and Singapore.
Based on proposals submitted by Biotech Consortium India Limited, the
Government Of Orissa, through the Science and Technology Department, assigned
to BCIL the task of preparing documents to highlight the advantages of Orissa as a
destination for investment in biotechnology development and in setting up production
units.
As per the terms of reference of the assignment, the report will cover the
following
Availability of natural resources and the present status of their utilization
Identification of available, viable biotechnologies, which can be used to
sustainably exploit these resources.
Availability of specialized manpower to man the industries.
Availability of support facilities
universities and research institutions
and consultancy from faculties of.
Existing industries, including biotech industries and industrial
infrastructure, which can provide linkages and synergies for biotech
.
development
Government's approach towards biotech development..
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During subsequent discussions, it was decided that BCIL might also provide:
A draft biotech policy defining the State government's approach towards
biotech development and the incentives proposed to be provided.
. Tentative suggestions on identified site(s) for the park considering various
factors like availability of infrastructure, environmental impact and other
options.
. Preliminary suggestions for the structure of the park and the organisation
which will implement the project
. Details of grants and subsidies available from the government of India to
develop the industrial park
The report also touches upon the areas such as constraints in the growth
of biotechnology and factors that could minimize them.
*****
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2. METHODOLOGY
The study was conducted by an in-house team of BCIL. Basic information
on the natural resources of Orissa, such as geographical features, biodiversity,
climatic conditions, economic development, agriculture, status of higher
education in biotechnology in the universities, research institutions engaged in
work on biotechnology related subjects and their areas of specialization, status of
industrial development and industries likely to be interested to diversify into
biotechnology
The BCIL team benefited immensely from an interactive meetings
organised by the Secretary, Department of Science and Technology and the
Director, Biotechnology, Government of Orissa at Bhubaneswar.. In this meeting,
senior faculty from universities, scientists from research institutions,
representatives of industry and government departments connected with
biotechnology were invited. The participants presented briefly details of research,
higher education, areas of interest and prospects of biotechnology development
as envisaged by them. BCIL circulated a questionnaire seeking detailed
information on various aspects of biotechnology development in the state
Annex 1.
The questionnaire was sent also to other departments, industries and
organizations to collect information on their present activities related to
biotechnology, their potential interest in the Park and suggestions This was
followed by visits to the institutes by BCIL team for personal interactions
Subsequently, BCIL interacted with key functionaries in the government.
The team also had detailed individual discussions with senior faculty members of
biotechnology related departments in a few major universities, Directors and
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senior scientists of research institutions engaged in biotechnology research, and
a few industries dealing in areas such as pharmaceuticals.
Discussions with the government focused on the government's policy and
the thrust areas to be developed according to them. Policy support, and the
incentives that could be expected for biotechnology industry in the state was also
ascertained, The government was already promoting certain activities in the
such as tissue culture, which have a direct bearing on biotechnology
Interaction with the university faculties, and the research institutions
concentrated on the areas of research, the facilities available with departments
and the institutes, which can be shared with the proposed biotechnology Park,
both in the form of equipment and instruments and the expertise of the faculties
In meetings with industries, their potential interest in diversifying into
biotechnology or setting up new biotechnology units and their areas of priority
were discussed. Certain feedback was also obtained regarding the facilities
expected in the biotechnology Park and the incentives required for making
biotechnology attractive for the industry.
The list of government departments and promotional agencies,
universities, research institutions, industries and that industry associations are
given in Annex 2, along with the names and designations of the persons
interacted with
One of the common subjects discussed with all these parties was the
preferred location for setting up the biotechnology Park. The Government of
Orissa had originally indicated a location in Chandraka Industrial Estate in
Bhubaneswar two years ago, but at present, a location in Patrapada near the
medicinal plant farm located at a distance of about 10 km from Bhubaneswar
was indicated as the favored site.
7
It was also suggested that the suitability of setting up a marine
biotechnology park by taking over and modifying the aquaculture hatchery
presently under the Department of Fisheries at Chandrabhaga near Konark may
be examined as part of the study.
The BCIL team visited both the above sites along with the Director,
Biotechnology, Government of Orissa. BCIL team also accompanied a team of
industry experts to Chandrabhaga to elicit views on its suitability.
Based on the inputs from the above discussions, the BCIL team could
identify tentatively, the thrust areas to be given stress in setting up the
biotechnology Park, the support it can expect from the university faculties and
research institutions, the expectations of the industry regarding the facilities and
incentives to be made available. These have formed the basis for preparing the
document highlighting advantages of Orissa, as a destination for biotechnology
industry, as well as biotechnology research and development in the proposed
biotech park
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3. MAJOR CONSTRAINTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OFBIOTECH INDUSTRY AND FAVORABLE FACTORS
FOR ACCELERA TED DEVELOPMENT
3.1 CONSTRAINTS
In spite of the potential, the growth of biotechnology in the country has not
been as fast as one would have liked it, because of the following constraints.
1 Limited number of major centers of higher learning and research to
provide scientific and technical capabilities and expertise. Biotechnology
is an intensely knowledge-based industry, requiring collaboration among
different disciplines including life sciences, chemical and process
engineering and information technology.
2 Inadequate entrepreneurial skills for biotechnology management and
commercialization.
3 Low public investment in higher education, training and R & D in
universities and research institutes for the development of biotechnology
capabilities
of4. Reluctance
entrepreneurs,
and lack of
investment
5. Difficult access to proprietary technologies and intellectual property
which are concentrated in the private sector in industrialized nations.
6, A low level of public awareness on the benefits and possibilities of
biotechnology and reluctance to accept some of the products of modern
biotechnology because of the perception of risk associated with them,
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e.g., products based onusually based on 'the fear of the unknown',
genetically modified crops and other organisms
7 Difficulty in obtaining financial support for commercialization, particularly
early stage venture capital for innovative inventions, owing to the large
requirement of funds spread over a long period of gestation involved in
translating the inventions into profitable commercial projects.
8. Cumbersome regulatory procedures for pharmaceutical and food
industries, which vary from country to country , based on diverse
biosafety regulations which are time consuming and expensive to comply
with.
9. Scarcity of appropriately skilled manpower.
10. Inadequate information sources resulting in poor regional and global
interaction
11 Weakness in specialized areas such as IPR and biosafety resulting in
delays and inability to gear up to the rapid global advancements in the
12
technology.
Poor public-private interaction and partnership due to mismatch in
capabilities and expectations of the partners, lack of information about
technologies, technical capabilities, infrastructure availability in institutes
and mechanisms and incentives to promote such interactions.
FACTORS FAVORING ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT
The following factors can accelerate the development of biotechnology.
Government support
Strong support and involvement of the state government in defining priorities,
setting directions and funding of higher education and research, putting in
place IPR and regulatory frame work, creation of specialized infrastructure
such as technology incubators and technology parks, providing suitable fiscal
10
and other incentives and catalysing investments in the form of venture funds
and other means of finance for the industry .
3.2.2 Strong technology base
A strong research and development base is a sine qua non for biotechnology
development. As an interdisciplinary activity, this encompasses areas of life
sciences, chemical and process engineering and information technology. The
degree of strength in the individual branches would help in selecting directions
where these strengths could be optimally utilized.
Intellectual property rights
The State Government should facilitate setting up of effective mechanisms to
protect IPR through facilitation of patent applications etc., which would also be
useful in attracting multinationals in setting up biotech units in the State.
Skilled and specialized manpower
Setting up and running a biotechnology industry would require skills in
management, finance and science. A number of skilled people from India are
working in successful biotechnology companies in the developed countries.
They could be encouraged to relocate in India by offering a conducive
environment including good living conditions, working facilities, compensation
and incentives in the State which will accelerate the development of the
biotechnology sector.
Development of high quality entrepreneurship
The rate at which new start up companies are set up is an index of growth of
sunrise sectors like biotechnology. Innovation is promoted by a high level of
education in the field, orientation to new technologies and the ability and
willingness of new entrepreneurs and existing industries to manage the
potential risks.
11
Availability of capital
Development of biotechnology product and process require considerable
investment in time and capital. Early stage research and development are
generally funded by government agencies, but the later stage of development
for commercialization taken up by industry requires far greater investment for
successful development of the product. Venture capital plays a key role at
this stage. In fact, most biotech companies in the US have benefited from
venture capital funding at some stage or the other of their growth. Timely
availability of adequate venture capital through the various stages of
progression of the project and avenues of exit for the venture capitalist
through I pas etc. would go a long way in rapid development of indigenous
biotechnology industry.
Strategic Alliances
Collaboration with companies abroad for research and development,
marketing, contract manufacturing and clinical trials would be an effective way
of bringing in new products and technologies. There are already research
programmes through international collaboration between laboratories in the
State and those in the developed countries in a few areas. Efforts should be
made to extend these to areas of global interest and to facilitate industry-
industry collaborations.
3.2.8 Infrastructure
Biotechnology parks are conceived as instruments for accelerated growth of
the sector. These parks are to be initially supported by the governments until
they attain self-sustainability through revenues by way of rentals, royalty and
capital gains. These parks can add value by networking with other similar
setups in the country or abroad.
12
4.
Biotechnology parks are science and technology parks with a special
emphasis on biotechnology development. The broad concept is that of a facility ,
where the interface of research with commerce and industry is facilitated for better
utilisation of technologies.
Science parks have been conceptualized in various forms by different
agencies. The UK Science Parks Association (UKSPA) defines a science park as a
business support and technology transfer initiative, which:
encourages and supports the startup and integration of innovation led
high-growth, knowledge-based business.
. provides an environment where larger and international businesses can
develop specific and close interactions with a particular centre of
knowledge creation for their mutual benefit.
has formal and operational links with centres of knowledge creation, such
as universities, higher education institutes and research organizations.
The science park movement has been playing an important role in the
development of knowledge-based economy through technology innovation,
networking, sound business management and entrepreneurial partnering and
nurturing
4.1 FUNCTIONS
Biotechnology parks perform the following functions:
Biotechnology and bio-business incubation. It would encourage and
support the startup, incubation and development of innovation led, biotech
industries.
BCIL 13
. Formal and operational links with at least one centre of higher
learning or research. The special value of the park lies in the close
relationship with a local university or research institution, specialising in
biotechnology. This institution could become a primary source for the basic
technologies for incubation and development into commercial ventures,
particularly catering to the needs of small and startup enterprises. They
can also be assisted through consultancy assistance in technology
upgrading, trouble shooting, contract research etc.. Linkage with a
research institution of repute will also attract research and development
activities of major industries to the park.
. Facilities provided and maintained by a centralized management. This
will include physical facilities in the form of office space, dry and wet
laboratories, specialized equipment and instrumentation facilities, pilot
plant and scale up units and a good communication network. The
management would also provide social infrastructure facilities such as
cafeteria and shopping and recreation centers.
Consultancy and networking for advice on IPR protection, regulatory
issues, project management and sourcing of funds from venture capitalists
etc. is also critical for success of park.
4.2 MANAGEMENT
Globally, science and technology parks were generally piloted by universities
or centres of research. The aim was to provide a location physically close to the
parent institution where spin off inventions could be fired so that they could continue
to maintain close and informal relationships with the academic and research staff.
The spin off companies were established either by the faculty or by the university
itself to exploit the commercial potential of results of research. Later, the successful
development and operation of spin offs in the park encouraged other organizations
such as the national government, regional development agencies, regional
government and private investors to take interest in these projects through joint
ventures involving one or more partners.
BCIL 14
4.3 FUNDING
Initial funding was usually provided by the government. Successful parks
eventually can generate funds through rentals, royalties etc. to reach a close to self
sustainable status.
The draft National Biotechnology Development Strategy brought out by the
Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of
India envisages promotion and support of at least 10 biotechnology parks by 2010.
DBT will support creation of incubators in the parks, promoted by a private industry
or through public private partnerships, in the form of grants of up to 30% of the total
cost or up to 49% in the form of equity.
BCIL 15
KEY RESOURCES5.
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES5.1
Orissa lies on the east coast of India and covers an area 1,55' 707 sq. km. Out
of the total cultivable land of nearly 65.59 lakh hectare cultivable, about 46% are
under highland, 31% under medium land and 23% under lowland. The area is
enriched by hill ranges extending from Similipal ranges in the north and eastern ghat
in the south and is interspersed with rivers flowing from the west to the east.
AGRO-CLIMA TIC CONDITIONS
The state is divided into ten different agro climatic zones namely north
western plateau, northern central plateau, north eastern coastal plain, eastern
coastal plain, north eastern ghats, eastern ghat high land, south eastern ghats,
western undulating, western central table land and mid central table land. The
diverse agro-climatic zones in the state offer enormous opportunity for cultivation of
a number of agricultural and horticultural crops amenable to biotechnology
interventions for value addition.
RICH BIODIVERSITY
Orissa can boast of a very rich biological diversity, both terrestrial and marine
in its forests, agriculture, mangroves, wetlands and marine areas both in the number
of species and their abundance.
Orissa has a long coastline of about 480 km. Several major rivers such as
Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Budhabalang and Rushikulya flow through it. The
Chilika lake is the longest brackish water lake in Asia. The sea, the rivers and the
lake have greatly influenced the coastal and other vegetation of Orissa and have
provided a variety of mangroves.
16
The mangroves flora of the state is very rich even in comparison with the
Sundarbans, Godavari and Cauveri deltas and the Andaman-Nicobar islands. 63 out
of 65 species in the country are found in the state.
The wetlands are also ecologically very sensitive and biologically very rich
and are important as repositories of fresh water and brackish water fauna. Chilka
lake harbors more than 900 species of flora and fauna such as algae, protozoa,
vascular plants, molluscs, nematodes, fish, prawn and other vertebrates. The
Hirakud reservoir on river Mahanadi, the longest manmade lake in the state has
been identified as a wetland of national importance due to its rich biodiversity.
The forest area of 5.72 million ha constitutes 37% of the geographic area of
the state with varied and diverse physiography, climate and edaphic conditions.
The state has four major forest types, namely, tropical semi-evergreen, tropical moist
deciduous, tropical dry deciduous, littoral and swamp forests. These forests are rich
sources of medicinal plants. Approximately 130 species of commercially relevant
medicinal plant species are found in the state.
Orchids are common in different ecological habitats throughout the state,
mainly in the mountain forests. Of an estimated 1 ,200 species of orchids in India,
129 species are found only in Orissa, including some of the rare ones.
A diversity of microorganisms, capable of producing valuable bioactive
products such as alphatocoferol, beta carotene and dyes. Some other
microorganisms native to the state such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Aspergillus
niger and Aspergillus fomigatus are useful in processing different types of natural
substrates including in leaching ore and in bioremediation.
Orissa also has abundant reserves for minerals and ores of metals like nickel,
aluminium, iron and chromium which support a vibrant mining and metallurgy
industry in the state, contributing to the industrial development of the state.
17BCIL
VARIETY OF CROPS5.4
Large variety of crops and other agricultural produce are cultivated in the state
include food grains, horticulture, floriculture, spices and medicinal and aromatic
plants. Agriculture contributes 28.13 percent of the Net State Domestic Product
(NSDP).
Orissa has a total production of 75.40 lakhs T of food grains with rice
accounting for 94%. Orissa is home to more than 70 varieties of scented rice. Other
major crops cultivated in the state are maize, pulses and oil seeds. Groundnut,
sesamum and mustard are the main oil seeds grown in the state. Some varieties of
millets found in Orissa are rich in carbohydrates.
Different agro climatic conditions are favorable for cultivation of a variety of
fruits such as litchi, mango, banana, citrus fruits, pineapple, papaya, coconut,
orange, sapota and jackfruit.
Elite and native varieties of mangoes grown in the state are Bombay Green,
Fazili, Langra, Banganapalli, Totapuri, Lat Sundari, Amprapalli, Malika and Chausa.
Some elite varieties of banana such as Patakapura, Champa and Chakrakelli
are widely grown across the state, including the coastal areas.
Kagzi lime is also an important fruit crop grown in specific areas of Keonjhar,
Ganjam, Gajapati, Koraput and Ohenkanal districts covering 13,275 ha. and with an
annual production of around 1,33,000 T. It is very popular for its medicinal value.
Jackfruit is widely grown in many districts and is emerging as a commercially
important crop
The climate is suitable for cultivation of commercially important Mandarin hill
orange, which is grown in Gajapati and Rayagada districts.
18BCIL
Orissa is home to approximately 75 varieties of spinach, 30 varieties of edible
flowers and 25 varieties of mushrooms. Paddy straw mushroom and oyster
mushroom which have a good market are grown under natural conditions in the
state
Turmeric and ginger are two most important spices grown in the state, mainly
in the tribal areas by organic farming.
Some other spices such as black pepper, cinnamon and cloves are also
grown in the state.
Among flowers marigold, tuberose, gladiolus, jasmine, chrysanthemum. lotus
and champa are grown through out the state.
The state's climate is suitable for the cultivation of commercial crops such as
sugarcane, jute, mesta, cotton, soyabean, groundnut, chilly and palm. Many of high
oil yielding varieties of palm have been introduced successfully in Gajapati,
Rayagada, Dhenkanal and Sundergarh districts.
Medicinal and aromatic plants5.4.1
Orissa with a strong tradition of use of natural plant extracts in Ayurvedic and
allopathic medicines, had encouraged cultivation and preservation of valuable
medicinal and aromatic plants. Around 130 species of commercially important
medicinal plants are found in Orissa
Some of the key medicinal plants abundant in eastern part of the country
including Orissa are given in Table 5.1. Many of these plants hold promise
19BCIL
and are used for medication by the tribals.
used for the ayurvedic formulations
Some of them are already being
Table 5.1: List of key medicinal plants found in Orissa
s. No Name Medicinal Use
-
1 Tribulus terrestris Tonic and asthma
2 Datura fastuosa Skin diseases
3 Bombax ceiba Aphrodisiac
4 Plueraria turberosa Tonic
5 Dioscoria bulbifera Tonic
6 Daphne mezereum Snake bites
7-
Onosma bracteatum Cancer
8 Semicarpus Anacardium Cancer
9 Kickxia ramosissima Female diseases
10 Onosma bracteatum Diabetes
11 Strychnos potatorum Water purifier
12 Strychnos nux-vomica Paralysis
Orissa has large resources of aromatic plants including lemon grass,
citronella etc. Kewda is an aromatic plant grown mainly in the coastal districts
of Orissa and is used for extraction of essential oils. District Ganjam accounts
for approximately 70 % of the production
Herbal formulations are also being developed with biocidal properties against
mites (of coconuts), mosquito and for treatment of fish diseases.
BCIL 20
5.5 WASTELANDS
Orissa has a large wasteland area of 21,000 sq.km. constituting about 10% of
the total area. A number of forestry plants are cultivated for timber, paper, pulp and
bio-fuels. These include teak {Tectona grandis) China teak {Paulownia sp.), ghambar
{Gmelina arborea), neem {Azadirachtica indica), bamboo, eucalyptus, kadamba,
pines, poplar and jetropha.
5.6 AQUA TIC RESOURCES
Orissa has abundant water resources, both marine and fresh water for
production of a variety of fish and other aquaculture species such as prawn, shrimp,
crab, oyster, mussels and ornamental fishes. The long coast line and inland fishery
resources including a fresh water area of 6.66 lakh ha and a brackish water area of
4.18 lakh ha provide vast scope for development of aquaculture in the state.
The state of Orissa is blessed with diverse marine resources including a 480
km. long coastline with a continental shelf area of 24,000 sq. km., the largest
brackish water lake of Asia, namely Chilika lake and the second largest mangrove
covering nearly 200 km2 of Bhitarkanika, the delta region of Mahanadi which are
sources of valuable bioactive products. The rich marine biodiversity of the state
includes algae, seaweeds, sponges, turtle, horseshoe crabs, shell fishes, prawn,
shrimp and marine fishes.
a. Seaweeds (Algae)
Seaweeds are commercially one of the most important living marine
resources which grow abundantly along the coast of Chilika Lake in Orissa.
They are rich source for proteins, vitamins, amino acids, growth hormones
b. Sponges
Sponges are key source of commercially useful compounds found from
marine animals. Around 70% of the useful compounds identified from marines
BCIL 21
animals are from poriferans. Out of 486 species of sponges identified in India,
more than one tenth are predominantly found in Orissa.
c. Sea turtles and crabs
Out of total eight species of sea turtles in the world, four are found along the
Orissa coast namely Olive Ridley, Hawksbill, Leatherback and Green Sea
turtle. Green Sea turtles are an important source of food for humans.
The horse shoe crab, Limulus polyphemus found in US is an important animal
for testing presence of bacterial endotoxin (pyrogen testing) of pharmaceutical
products. Similar crabs namely Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus
tridentatus and T. gigas are found in Orissa.
d. Mangrove resources
The mangrove of Bhitarkanika {Orissa) is a second largest in India after
Sundarbans {West Bengal) covering nearly 200 Km2 represented by 39
species. Bhitarkanika mangrove wetland is one of the most productive
ecosystems. It adds to the coastal fishery production. The rivers and creeks in
the wetland are a major source of variety of indigenous fish. The sheltered
waters of mangroves provide nursery ground for commercially harvested
prawns and shrimps. Several fish species come to the estuary for breeding.
Some of the commercially important fishes are hilsa {Hilisa i/1isha), Khainga
(Mu/let sp.), Bhetki {Lates ca/carifer), Kantia {Mustus gulia), Kokill {Anchove/1a
sp. ) etc. Prawns such as Penaeus indicus, tiger prawn {Penaeus monodon),
Metapenaeus affinis and crabs, mainly the mud crabs { Scy/1a serrata).
e. Other marine products
Other commercially relevant marine resources of Orissa include shellfishes,
poisonous and venomous fishes, corals, pearl oyster, jelly fish, cone shells &
stingrays, sea cucumber and starfish, marine annelids, opisthobranch,
BCIL 22
puffers fishes, bivalves mollusks, crabs, reef fishes, sea whips, Gymnodium
sp., and sea squirt.
Some of the shellfishes such as mudcrab ( Scylla serrata) and Naptunus
pelagicus are being cultivated and are exported to South East Asian countries
where it is considered a delicacy.
A large number of poisonous and venomous fishes are also predominantly
found on the Orissa coast, which are used for preparation of anti venoms etc.
TRANSPORTS AND COMMUNICATION
a. Power
Orissa was the leading state in India which embarked on a comprehensive
reform of the electricity production and distribution. During 2003-04, the total
installed capacity for power generation was 6632 MW making it one of the few
power surplus states. An additional capacity of 2150 MW is being installed,
keeping in view future industrial growth.
b. Airports
The Biju Patnaik Airport at Bhubaneswar has already been declared as a
Customs Airport and is being upgraded to international status.
c. Roads
Orissa is well connected by all modern means of surface transport to the
various strategic points within and outside the state. The state has extensive
rail and road network connecting all the major states. State Government has
started preliminary work on a coastal highway connecting Andhra Pradesh in
South and West Bengal in North.
23
d. Railways
The State is actively pursuing the expansion of the existing railway network of
more than 2200 kms.
e. Ports
Paradeep is the major all weather port in Orissa. In addition, there are a
number of small ports in the State which offers tremendous opportunities for
international trade. The existing fair weather port at Gopalpur is being
developed into an all weather port. The Dhamara fishing harbour is also being
converted into a mega port. Both this ports are being upgraded with private
participation
INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE5.8
a. Major industries in other sectors
The State has a very strong base in mining, fertilizers, fisheries, paper and
pulp and agro industries. The mining sector has some of the major industries
like National Aluminium Corporation, Bharat Aluminium Corporation and
Rourkela Steel Plant. Paradeep Phosphates is one of the largest fertilizer
units in the country and J.K. Paper limited is an established name among
paper and pulp industry .
biopesticides production
EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE5.9
24BCIL
institutions have existing infrastructure and teams of highly competent scientists and
technologists having commendable achievements in biotechnology and allied fields.
State-of-the-art facilities have been set up in some of them for conducting research
in highly specialized areas such as genetic engineering, genomics, proteomics,
transgenics, DNA fingerprinting and molecular diagnostics. These laboratories can
provide support through expert consultancy in technology development,
instrumentation, testing, validation and through making available equipment for
scale up.
A number of universities and research institute in the State offer postgraduate
and doctoral programmes in biotechnology.
The expertise and infrastructural facilities form an invaluable resource for
potential entrepreneurs for keeping abreast with latest trends in technology
development, for technology sourcing and upgradation, contract research and
consultancy. A list of these universities and research organization along with their
expertise and the specialized facilities are given in Table 5.2.
Expertise and facilities available in the research institutesand universities of Orissa
Table 5.2:
Facilities
~ ~:~ -
S.No. Expertise- -
1. Central Institute of Freshwater A uaculture, Bhubaneswar
.Fish pathology and immunology. Maintaining local germ plasm
.Culture techniques for fresh water. Atomic absorbtion
species spectrophotometer
.Molecular biotechnology. Automated sequencer
.Pearl culture I .Mass spectrophotometer
.Fish cell culture. Ultracentrifuge
.Ornamental fish culture
I.Hormonal physiology and nutrition
.Breeding of fishes
.Aquatic microbiology
.Diagnostics
.Herbal formulations fortherapeutics.
25BCIL
(Contd.)
.Database of medicinal plants
.Atomic absorbtionspectrophotometer
.Ultracentrifuge
.Automated DNA sequencer
S.NO.I Expertise I Facili
2. Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar
.Development of diagnostics andvaccine candidates for cancer,
malaria and filariasis
.Bioprospecting and identification of
active molecules
.Molecular microbiology
.Plant molecular genetics
.Cloning and expression of gene
.Molecular diaqnostics
3.
.
.
..
ReQional Medical Research Centre, Bhubanes~ar
RTPCR
Insectorium
Protein array
Flow cytometer
Mutation detection system
Animal tissue culture facility
Radioactivity facility
..
.
Development of diagnostics andvaccine candidates for malariaand filariasis
Clinical trials for malaria, filariasis
Immunology studies
New drug delivery systems
Developing molecular diagnostics.
.--
Reaional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar4.Germplasm of more than10000 varieties of Cacti, 96varieties of roses
.
.
.
.
.
.Plant tissue culture of flowers,forestry plants, fruits
.DNA fingerprinting
.Cytogenetics
.Plant t~-xonomy & con~~rvation
Re~ional Research Laborato I Bhubaneswar
Plant introduction and. FPLC, HPLC
improvement. Herbal garden
Drought and salinity tolerance. Biomethanation plant
Wasteland utilization. Bioreactors
Commercial cultivation ofmedicinal and aromatic plants
I I
26BCIL
(Contd.ExDertise Facilities
Reaional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar (Co~
.
.
.
.
.
6.
Reclamation of chromite andgraphite mines through
phytoremediationWaste water treatment and bio-
leaching
Isolation, purification andcharacterization of bioactivecompounds, herbal drugs,lichens, orchids, fern, mushroomsand marine organisms
Screening of plant extracts for
pesticidal activity
Use of coirpith in biofertlizer forsoil and herbal biocidalformulation for coconut
I Berhamp~r- University, Berhampur
.Marine biotechnolo
SambalDur Universitv
Herbal gardenCharacterisation of a uniquethermophilic bacteria
Reducing leaf senescence toincrease yield
Identification of stress genes
Bioactive molecules from plants
Bioleaching of coal by removingIron
.
.
.
.
8
Germplasm of
BGA/cyanobacteria
Fermentation facility
.
.
.
Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
.Biofertilizers esp. Blue green
algae production
.Screening of antioxidants
.Marine biotechnology
Fakir Mohan University, Balasore
.Plant Tissue culture
.Early detection of hereditary andblood related diseases.
Marine biotechnology
Bioremediation and
biodegradation
.Hybridoma technology andantibodv production
.
.
.
Animal tissue culture
Plant tissue culture
Fermentation
Biodiversity and conservation
Purification (e.g., HPCL, FPLC,Ion exchange and affinity
chromatography
.
.
BCIL 27
(Contd.)
5.10 HUMAN RESOURCES
The State has a large number of competent skilled manpower suitable for
working in upcoming biotechnology ventures. Scientists emerging from the research
institutions and the universities apart from providing specialized manpower for future
biotech industries also have potential to become biotechnology entrepreneurs.
Biotechnology and allied subjects like life sciences, fisheries sciences and
microbiology is being offered at the undergraduate and the postgraduate levels in a
number of universities and institutions. Many institutions also offer research
programmes leading to doctorate degrees. At the undergraduate level, courses
being offered include B. Sc. in biotechnology.
M. Sc. (Biotechnology) courses are offered at five universities and institutes
namely Fakir Mohan University, Balasore Majhighariani Institute of Technology and
Science(MITS), Rayagada, Sambalpur University and Utkal University. The total
annual intake at postgraduate level is 50. Orissa University of Agriculture and
Technology, Bhubaneswar offers MSc. Course in Agriculture Biotechnology.
At graduation level private institutes like MITS and Trident Academy of
Creative Technology (TACT) offers B. Tech and B. Sc. in biotechnology respectively.
MITS also offers M.Sc. Bioinformatics.
The post graduate courses offer advanced training in multidisciplinary areas
of biotechnology such as cell biology, microbiology, virology, biochemistry,
immunology, process engineering, downstream processing, bioinformatics,
BCIL 28
biophysics, protein engineering, genetics, molecular biology, genetic engineering
and IPR in biotechnology.
Besides these courses in biotechnology, graduate and postgraduate courses
are also conducted in allied areas of microbiology, molecular biology, genetics,
biophysics, biochemistry, environmental sciences, and fisheries sciences.
The leading national and state research institutes as well as the existing
universities offer doctoral programmes in biotechnology and allied fields. The
courses available in biotechnology at different levels in the state are summarized in
Table 5.3.
Table 5.3: Courses in biotechnology offered by research institutes anduniversities
s. No. Research InstituteslUniversities
Courses offered
Research Jn$ti~
Masters in Fisheries Sciences (M.F.Sc.)
PhDCentral Institute of Freshwater
Aq~ac~)t~re, BhuQ~~~§y:!:9!-1 .
I Institute of Life Sciences,Bhubaneswar
2 PhD.
3 Regional Plant ResourceCentre {RPRC), Bhubaneswar
PhD.
4 Regional Research Laboratory IBhubaneswar
PhD.
Universities
Berhampur University,
Berhampur
5 M.Sc Marine Biology
M.Sc Oceanography
M.Phil PhD
.
.
Fakir Mohan University,Balasore
6 M. Sc. Biotechnology, PhD.
7 Majhighariani Institute of
Technology and Science,
(MITS) Rayagada
B. Tech Biotechnology
M. Sc. Biotechnology
M. Sc Bioinformatics.
8 Orissa University of Agricultureand Technology, Bhubaneswar
M. Sc Agriculture Biotechnology
M. Sc Microbiology I
M. Sc. Biotechnology
.
9 Sambalpur University,Sambalpur
29BCIL
(Contd.)
The State has a good network of non-governmental scientific organizations
which have been popularizing science. The State Government with its decentralized
developmental institutions are capable of utilizing the combined strength of the
people's science organizations in creating awareness among the farmers in the
advantages of applying biotechnology in agriculture for more profitable, sustainable
and environment friendly farming.
*****
BCIL 30
6. POTENTIAL BIOTECH INDUSTRIES FOR THE ST A TE
The products and processes that offer scope for development and application
in the state are listed and briefly described below:
1 Agriculture 2. Aquaculture and marine
biotechnology
Biopesticides
Biofertilisers
Tissue culture
Organic farming
Genetically modified crops
Selective breeding and
controlled culture of fish and
prawns
Bioactive compounds from
marine organisms
Feed, diagnostics &
therapeutics
4. Process industries
Enzymes
3. Healthcare
Diagnostics
Clinical trials
Contract research and
manufacturing
Medicinal plant extraction
5. Environmental biotechnology
Phytoremediation
Biomineral processing
Biofuels
AGRICUL TURE
The key commercially important areas in agriculture biotechnology for the
state are organic farming, biofertiliser, biopesticide and plant tissue culture. The state
also offers good potential for companies interested in transgenic plants.
31
a. Organic farming
Organic farming is particularly suitable for Orissa, as many parts of the state,
especially the tribal areas including Kalahandi, Bolangir, Koraput, Phulbari
and Ganjam, have a tradition of using organic manure in their farming
operations. 200 villages in the above districts have been declared as "organic
villages" with more than 17,000 acres under organic faming. The state is
suitable for cultivation of elite varieties of fruits, vegetables, spices, flowers,
medicinal plants etc. which can be grown organically to exploit the expanding
global market
Many of these products fetch a high premium in the market especially in the
European Union. The demand for organic foods, forest produces and herbal
products is increasing at the rate of at least 20 per cent annually in the world
market, offering a huge export potential.
With the development of organic standards in consonance with the EU
standards and formulation of National Organic Programme (NOP) facilitating
accreditation of certifying agencies within the country itself by Agricultural and
Processed Foods Export Development Agency (APEDA), under the Ministry
of Commerce, the certification of organically farmed products has been
simplified and made cost effective. APEDA also offers various incentives for
organic farming.
Government of Orissa have been promoting organic farming of spices,
flowers, fruits and off-season vegetables. Utkal University, Sambalpur
University and Regional Research Laboratory , Bhubaneshwar have
developed technologies for biofertilisers for soil conditioning and herbicidal
organic formulations. Sambalpur University has developed a unique
technology for bio-diagnostics for analysis of soil health in organic agriculture.
This technology is based on the presence of organisms in the soil and can be
easily used by the farmers. The technology is also being promoted by the
Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. Sambalpur University has also
32BCIL
developed a technology for organic farming and restoration of natural soil
fertility in collaboration with IRD, Ministry of Agriculture, France.
b. Biopesticides and biofertilisers
Biopesticides and biofertilisers are good potential inputs for organic farming
as well as inputs for integrated pest and soil fertility management. The
biofertilizers relevant to the crops in Orissa are listed in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: List of biofertilizers and biopesticides relevant to crops in Orissa
S.No. Biofertilizer Crop specificity Mode of action
Bacterial
Rhizobium1 atmospheric nitrogen fixation
2. Azospirillum
leguminous crops
(soybeans, chickpea,
groundnut, pulses)
sugarcane, paddy atmospheric nitrogen
fixation, release of growth
promoters
3, Acetobacter atmospheric nitrogen fixationsugarcane
4 all cropsPhosphobacteria solubilization of insoluble soil
phosphates
~
Blue green algae paddy nitrogen fixation1
2 Azolla paddy nitrogen fixation
Funaal
Mycorrhizaall crops1 solubilization of insoluble soil
phosphates
33BCIL
Some of the key biopesticides which can be manufactured in Orissa are
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Metarhizium, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma
harzianum, neem (A zadirachtin), Verticillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana,
Heliothis NPV and Spodoptera NPV, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus
sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis, Trichogramma and pheromones.
RRL, Bhubaneswar has developed a herbal biocidal formulation for controlling
mite in coconut
Orissa produces around 70 lakh T of rice annually. Algal biofertilizers could be
effectively used for increasing rice productivity. BGA and azolla constitute the
main source of algal biofertilizer in South and Southeast Asia specifically for
lowland paddy. The other major crops of the state like vegetables, sugarcane
and other horticultural crops can also benefit from usage of biofertilisers and
biopesticides. Besides being an agent for nitrogen fixation, they also provide
other advantages of supplementing organic matter, stimulating growth of
seedlings and plants by releasing growth promoting substances, provides
partial tolerance to pesticides and fungicides and also help in reclamation of
saline and alkaline soils. Inspite of the large potential for their use,
biopesticides and biofertilizers consumption in Orissa as well as the
neighbouring states is much less than in some of the other states such as
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Maharashtra. Local production
of these organic inputs could facilitate easy and cost effective availability thus
making them more competitive. Increased organic farming in the state would
further improve the local consumption of biofertilisers and biopesticides.
There is demand from some of the European countries for contract
manufacture of certain biopesticides in I ndia, taking advantage of the natural
warm climate, which facilitates relatively rapid production compared with the
cold countries, and low cost of production. Such opportunities can be
capitalized by the units in the state.
Technologies and technical expertise can be sourced from Sambalpur
University and Utkal University. Utkal University has developed BGA
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biofertilizer technologies using region specific stress compatible strains of
cyanobacteria. The University has also developed alternate effective carriers
for BGA biofertilizer and standardized the technology for commercial
production in semi-polyhouses. Pilot scale production and large scale
demonstration of BGA biofertilizer have also been conducted. A germ plasm
collection of 192 species/strains of BGA/cyanobacteria, isolated from different
habitats of Orissa including eastern India, is maintained at Utkal University.
Sambalpur University has developed a technology for improving the quality of
degraded soil. As a part of this technology they have identified a unique
earthworm of Indian origin for vermicomposting which is better than many
existing exotic varieties. The University has patented this technology in
association with IRD, Ministry of Agriculture, France and Parry Agro Industries
Ltd., Bangalore. The technology is being used in Tea Gardens of Parry Agro
and is now being transferred to China. This technology will be vital for
ecorestoration of the soil in Orissa where rate of degradation of soil is higher
because of adverse climatic conditions usage of pesticides and fertilizers and
mining activity.
c. Plant tissue culture (micropropagation)
Orissa offers unique advantages for establishment of plant tissue culture
based units for rapid multiplication of elite disease free plants irrespective of
the season. The agroclimatic conditions in the state are suitable for
propagation of a number of commercial crops which are amenable to
micropropagation such as fruits (banana and papaya); spices (clove, ginger
and turmeric); commercial crops (sugarcane, jatropha) flowers (orchids,
carnations, gerbera, rose and anthurium) and medicinal plants (safed musli,
aloe vera, ashwagandha) and plantation trees like eucalyptus, bamboo and
pawlonia. Out of these sugarcane, banana, turmeric, ginger, orchids jatropha,
and flowers have good domestic and export demand.
The state has high demand for these plants, which is presently met through
conventionally propagated plants. Tissue cultured plants are produced on a
35BCIL
limited scale and there exists a huge potential for shift over to tissue culture
raised plants.
Suitable species of Jatropha can be mass multiplied and grown on vast
stretches of wastelands in view of its increasing usage for biodiesel
production. The high yielding varieties of plantation trees used by paper and
pulp industry can be micropropagated and cultivated advantageously on a
mass scale in the state.
Micropropagation of Bamboo for large-scale propagation is of immediate
relevance to the state due to poor availability and poor viability of seeds for
the two most important cultured varieties namely Bamusa vulgaris and
Bamusa nutans.
State Government have set up two Agri Export Zones (AEZs) in the
contiguous districts of Kandhamal and Koraput for the purpose of export
promotion of a few key agricultural produces, particularly the spices, ginger
and turmeric. This is also expected to spur the demand for quality planting
material. The selected plant varieties are presently being cultivated by
conventional propagation.
The above benefits coupled with the locational advantage of the state offer
good scope for meeting the growing demand for tissue culture plants in the
eastern and north eastern region.
The state has expertise and good infrastructure for development of tissue
culture protocols. Qrissa University of Agriculture and Technology (QUAT)
and Regional Plant Resource Center (RPRC) have developed technologies
for micropropagation of banana and sugarcane and protocols for a varieties of
commercial crops are under development. A technology for quick rooting of
bamboo has been developed by RPRC and is under trial. Protocols for Cacti
multiplication have also been developed for the 10,000 varieties being
maintained by them including some unique varieties with ornamental value.
Protocols for propagation of forestry plants like eucalyptus, sesame and sal
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have also been developed. Technologies could also be sourced from
research institutes and universities in other states many of which have
standardized protocols for micropropagation of a number of plants or from
established tissue culture companies.
Interested entrepreneurs can set up their micropropagation laboratory at a
central place for production of variety of tissue cultured plantlets and multiple
hardening units could be set up in various districts to harden plantlets as per
the requirement of the agroclimatic conditions.
This activity does not require very high investments or skilled manpower. It is
also not technology intensive. Only the first stage of the development of tissue
culture protocol requires a high degree of scientific skill and specialized
facilities such as a sterile laboratory having controlled light, humidity and
temperature conditions. The later stage of hardening of the micropropagated
plants can be carried out by less skilled persons and under less demanding
conditions. In view of the potential of this technology for enhancing agricultural
productivity, introduction of elite planting materials, entrepreneurship and
employment generation, the State Government has also identified this as a
priority area for development
d. Genetically modified (GM) crops
Development and cultivation of genetically modified crops incorporating traits
such as resistance to pesticides and herbicide tolerance, higher yield, stress
tolerance and nutritive value etc., hold promise for the state. The only GM
crop approved for commercial cultivation in India is Bt cotton. Although India
is yet to approve cultivation of genetically modified food crops, their
acceptance globally during the last decade clearly indicates the promise of
genetically modified crops for increased crop productivity leading to food, feed
and fiber security, conservation of biodiversity through economizing of land
use, limiting the use of chemical inputs including pesticides and herbicides
and increasing crop production stability through plants having increased
resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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CRRI is developing new varieties of rice for drought tolerance and for disease
resistance using biotechnology. They have identified molecular markers for a
few rice diseases such as Rice Tungro Disease. They are also involved in
mapping of pest resistant genes in various varieties. CRRI is presently
maintaining a germplasm of 210 native varieties and 700 exotic varieties of
rice
ILS has initiated research on developing a strong promoter for rice which will
help in better expression of the genes.
HEALTHCARE
Orissa has a high incidence of malaria, cancer (oral) and filariasis with 18% of
malaria cases, 38% of P. falciparum cases and more than 50% of the malarial
deaths in the country .Of the 40 million cases of filariasis reported in India, a large
percentage of affected population is found in Orissa. Recently, there have been
cases of anthrax reported. The state accounts for a sizable market for diagnostics,
vaccines and therapeutics, the requirement of which is met from manufacturing units
in other states. The present market however accounts for a small fraction of the
potential demand, which can be exploited by companies operating in the region.
Regional Medical Research Center (RMRC) and Institute of Life Sciences
(ILS) in Bhubaneswar have the necessary expertise and infrastructure to develop
technologies in the area of diagnostics, and clinical trials. The State also has a few
established hospitals and medical centers which have a wealth of information and
data on disease incidence and management. In view of the above, there is
immediate potential for setting up diagnostics units, medicinal plant extraction units
as well as clinical trials and contract research organizations.
a. Diagnostics
With increasing health consciousness in the state, the demand for rapid and
precise diagnosis of ailments and conditions to ,enable timely and appropriate
treatment is growing. Biotechnology based diagnostic kits such as
immunodiagnostics, molecular diagnostics, western blot and PCR based kits
38
offer different levels of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and speed, depending
upon the specific needs of the cases.
Molecular diagnostics based on detection of specific gene sequences offer
higher sensitivity and specificity, quantification of microbial loads in the
system, predisposition to diseases enabling effective diagnosis, monitoring
and management of infectious and noninfectious diseases in humans,
animals, fish and plants.
The institutes in the state are valuable sources for technical expertise and
infrastructure. Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) has developed a technology for
simultaneous detection of two filarial parasites namely Wuchereria bancrofti
and Brugia malayi and are involved in development of molecular markers for
early detection of oral cancer, role of different molecular markers in leukemia,
in identification of candidates genes for development of malaria vaccine and
PCR based diagnostics. Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC) is also
working on development of diagnostics and vaccine candidates for malaria
and filariasis and has developed PCR based diagnostic kit for chlamydia.
Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) has developed
immunodiagnostics such as DOT ELISA and Indirect ELISA for quick and
precise diagnosis of important microbial infections including Edwardsie//a
tarda infection (Edwardsiellosis) for fish and shellfish. The kit is suitable for
early detection of pathogen in dead and putrefied tissue i.e. liver, spleen and
kidney. The institute has also developed a DNA diagnostics for viral
pathogens in shellfish.
At present, there is only one diagnostic unit in the State. Considering the vast
market potential in Orissa as well as the neighboring states, diagnostic units
could be set up in the State by the established diagnostic companies from
other States as well as by local entrepreneurs.
There also exists good scope for setting up common production facilities for
diagnostics reagents such as synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins or
specific monoclonal antibodies since indigenous development and production
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of these reagents in terms of setting up and maintenance of the state-of-the-
art infrastructure and recurring expenditure on technical manpower is unviable
for a single user company. Such common facilities would then cater to the
demand of the several units engaged in assembly of these kits in India and
neighbouring countries, to facilitate availability of cost effective diagnostic kits.
b. Clinical trials
The state offers immense opportunity for conducting clinical trials due to
diverse genetic make up of its population and the prevalence of a number of
diseases and conditions like malaria, filariasis, tuberculosis and cancer.
RMRC along with a number of hospitals in the region have undertaken drug
trials for filariasis malaria, helminthic infections, cholera and
haemoglobinopathy. The institute has expertise in communicable and non-
communicable diseases. They have adequate facilities to study vector borne
diseases including an insectoriums. An animal model for preclinical trials of
lymphatic filariasis has been developed. The institute is generating
epidemiological data for malaria, filariasis and cholera, in general and tribal
population. The trial for first malaria vaccine being developed by International
Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi will be
undertaken in Orissa for which the facility is being developed at Rourkela.
The invaluable data on disease incidence, prevalence and management
generated over years of experience in the well established public health
machinery in the State would be an invaluable support for clinical trials. The
trials could be taken up in collaboration with clinical trial companies as per
international norms.
This activity is expected to facilitate development of ancillary units to provide
support functions to the clinical trials companies in the area of information
technology, specialized logistics support, site management and patient
recruitment. An ethically well managed clinical trial system in the state is
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expected to promote the social cause of faster introduction of high quality
drugs into the country .
Contract research and manufacturingc.
Considering the expertise and infrastructure in the state, there is immense
scope for contract research and manufacturing particularly in the areas of
data handling, data mining, gene typing, DNA finger printing, DNA sequencing
etc. The state's vast genetic resources (ethnic populations) can provide
valuable leads about disease pre-disposition and susceptibility, which in turn
would expedite the process of drug discovery.
Orissa can harness its diversified genetic resources, skilled manpower base,
capabilities and infrastructure in informatics to develop drug design models by
integrating the relevant databases.
RMRC has been involved in areas of new drug design and delivery systems
against filarial, malarial and helminthic parasites. They have also expertise in
areas of immunology, clinical trials, molecular diagnostics and genotyping.
The Department of Bioinformatics, Utkal University has recently acquired a
software package called Genetics Computer Group Package (GCG) having
nearly 130 modules covering the broad areas of genomics, proteomics, drug
designing and molecular modeling using which analysis can be carried out
with high level of accuracy in different areas such as plant and animal
breeding, genetics, forestry and plant biotechnology.
d. Medicinal and Aromatic plant extraction
Orissa has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plants with approximately 130
species of commercially relevant herbal plants of medicinal, aromatic and
cosmetic value. The main commercial activity in the area is limited to
conventional cultivation and trading. Only a few small-scale extraction units
are operational. The State Medicinal Plant Board (SMPB) is promoting large-
scale cultivation of many commercially important medicinal plants native to
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the State. SMPB h-as brought approximately 800 acres of land under
cultivation of commercially important medicinal plants such as Amla, Brahmi,
Sated Musli, Aswagandha, Sarpagandha, Satavari, Kalmegh and Aloe Vera
during 2003-04 and 2004-2005.
This has been achieved by encouraging farmers by providing financial
assistance to take up cultivation of medicinal plants in their own land by in
thirty districts including Angul, Balasore, Baragarh, Cuttack, Dhankanal,
Ganjam, Jagatsinghpur, Kandhamal, Nayagarh and Sambalpur.
Kewda is an important source of aromatic oil and approximately 70% of Indian
production of Kewda oil is from Ganjam district.
ILS has initiated development of a database of the endemic medicinal plants
present in the area and their active molecules and alkaloid.
The large-scale availability of medicinal plants could be gainfully exploited by
setting up units for their extraction as well as for isolation of pharmacologically
active phytochemicals and screening them for pharmacological activities
using various in vitro bioassays. RMRC is developing an herbal
mosquitocidal formulation.
Micropropagation could be used for large-scale multiplication and cultivation
of elite varieties to ensure sufficient quantity and good quality raw materials.
In view of the abundant availability of medicinal plants, conducive climate for
mass multiplication and rich traditional knowledge in the area, the State
government proposes to set up common facilities for their value addiction and
sustainable utilization such as micropropagation parks and supercritical
extraction plants. Common analytical laboratory and facilities for toxicity
testing are also envisaged to facilitate proper characterization of bio products
as per international guidelines for catalyzing exports.
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PROCESS INDUSTRIES6.3
Orissa offers unique advantage in the area of enzyme production units due to
abundant availability of raw materials for cost effective production and its demand
and application in a number of industries in the state in involved in food processing,
fermentation (ethanol, organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides, vitamins etc.) paper
and pulp, textiles, detergents and poultry feed.
Some of the well known applications of enzymes relevant to resources in the
state include use of pectinases for clarifying the fruit juices, debittering of citrus
juices by "naranginases", tendering of meat products and clarification of beer by
papain and production of cheese using synthetic rennin. The enzymes proteases
(alcalase) and lipases are being increasingly used in detergents.
In addition conversion of plant materials such as seeds, fruits and vegetables
into valuable food and feed products such as gums, alginate, carrageenan and agar
could be achieved by the use of cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases etc. Utkall
University, Bhubaneswar have state-of-art-art facilities and expertise in this field and
have also developed a technology for production of agar-agar from Gracilaria
(seaweed) occurring in Chilika Lake.
Enzymes also have application in the espanding animal and poultry feed
industry in the state. Enzyme formulations based on amylases, cellulases,
hemicellulases and proteases are useful in animal and poultry feeds to breakdown
indigestible substances in the feed so as to help in improving the food conversion
ratio (FCR), reducing the anti nutritional factor in the feed and enabling uniform and
faster growth of the animals.
Other application of enzymes in the state include textile processing for
improving the quality and value of the fabric using amylases, proteases and
cellulases and enzymatic bleaching of paper and pulp using xylanases.
43BCIL
At present, there is no established enzyme unit in the state. And opportunities
exists for setting up units in view of market opportunities and availability of other
resources
6.4 AQUACULTURE
Abundant availability of fresh and brackish water bodies and access to the
sea offer unique advantages for companies interested in aquaculture for increasing
productivity, early detection of diseases and production of seed and feed for the
aquatic species. Fresh water prawn is a prominent foreign exchange earner in the
state. The production for 2002-03 is estimated at 410 tons from an area of 2995
hectare. The production per hectare is low at about 137 T as compared to others
such as West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Similarly there is a requirement of
increasing the fish production from 307 thousand T to 1600 thousand T. The state
government has also announced the policy for fishery development which has
identified increase in seed production as well as development of prawn culture as
priority area. There exists favourable opportunities for entrepreneur's to invest in
these areas using biotech interventions.
Biotechnology interventions could be used for increasing productivity by
inducing spawning, improving fish varieties in terms of faster growth and size by
selective breeding and hybridization, production of mono-sex fish by using hormones
specially in case of ornamental fish culture, marker assisted selection of disease
resistant, fast growing broodstock and improved larval survival and maturation
through biocontrol of pathogens, bioremediation, optimized larval nutrition,
development of alternate live larval feeds, rapid detection of pathogens in
broodstock, and use of probiotics, immunostimulants and vaccines specifically for
Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii have been developed in various
laboratories in Orissa and elsewhere in the country.
Opportunities exists for culture of some of the key marine species such as
crabs, Puffer fish etc. suitable for production in Orissa and which have high export
potential to South East Asia, China and Japan, where it is consumed as a delicacy.
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Promising research leads in the above areas have emerged from various
research centers in Orissa and including College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Central
Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture, Chennai, Central Institute of Fisheries
Education, Mumbai, College of Fisheries, Kochi, Madras University, Chennai, Cochin
University of Science & Technology, Kochi and Anna University, Chennai.
In Orissa, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, has got excellent
infrastructure facilities and expertise in the area of aquaculture and have developed
diagnostics for prawns and shell fish and also have a lot of pioneer technology such
as, herbal immunostimulant and DNA marker based isolation of important traits. The
institute has also developed technology for ornamental fish breeding and culture and
pearl culture.
Technologies for carp breeding and hatching, therapeutics and
immunodiagnostics for various diseases, including bacterial gill disease for E.tarda
and for A.hydrophila have been developed by CIFA.
Orissa is also one of the major exporters of marine products. It is
advantageously placed to cater to South East Asia, China and Japan through its port
located at Paradip. However at present exports of most of these organisms is limited
by harvesting it from the wild even though there are abundant water bodies spread
across the state using which, biotech interventions can help in increasing the yield
and improving the quality of fishes and marine organisms and the volume of exports.
Development of improved culture techniques and high yielding varieties will help in
assured supply of raw materials required by those units involved in isolation of
bioactive molecules from some of these plants. Newer areas can also be explored
like ornamental fish culture which has good export potential and can generate lot of
employment
6.5 MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
The state of Orissa is blessed with diverse marine resources including a long
coastline, the largest brackish water lake of Asia, namely Chilika lake and the
second largest mangrove at Bhitarkanika, the delta region of Mahanadi which are
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sources of valuable bioactive products and fresh water bodies. The rich marine
biodiversity of the state includes algae, seaweeds, sponges, turtle, horseshoe crabs,
shellfishes, prawn, shrimp and marine fishes.
The global market for marine biotech products was estimated at $2.4 billion in
2002. The Indian market is growing significantly and is projected to exceed $ 3.4
million by 2007. Marine resources are being used for identifying or production of
number of biomolecules for various industries including healthcare, cosmetics food
processing.
Table 6.2 gives a list important medicinal compounds identified from Marine
organisms. Marine organisms are important sources of commercial important
compounds such as Asthaxanthin (Anti-oxidant), Phycocyanin, docosahexanoic acid
(DHA), alphatocopherol, Nutraceuticals, Agar and Alginate. The residue after
extraction of agar from the seaweeds contains large quantities of colloids,
carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals. This can be further utilized as
carbohydrate substitute in the feed for dairy, piggery and poultry.
Orissa is abundant in algae which are rich source for proteins, vitamins
amino acids, growth hormones, minerals and other bioactive compounds.
Sponges are also key sources of commercially useful compounds. Around
70% of the useful compounds identified from marines animals are from poriferans.
and are being used for treating respiratory , cardiovascular and gastro intestinal
diseases and AIDS.
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Table 6.2: Useful compounds identified from marine organisms andtheir activity
BCIL 47
(Contd.)
Biota Class Compound
Antiamoebic
Coral Crassin acetatePseudoplexaura waqenaar
Antimalarial
Elysia rufescen Mollusc
Sponge
Kahalalides
Cycloamphilactanes,Cardinthiol
Cymastella hooperi
Ecbolics
Gracilaria pichenoids Red AIQa ProstaQlandin E2, F2
Clavularia virdis Soft Coral Clairidenones A-D
~~~[2bvton deQl"~ssum Soft Coral Prostaqlandin F
Anti Inflammato
Lyn~bya maiascula Cyanobacterium Depromoaplysia toxin
Laffariella variables Monoalide
, Anaesthetic
Caulr a sertularioides a
Anticancer activit
Spon.Qe Brvostatin
Trididemnum solidum Tunicate Oidemnin B
Conus maQus Ziconotide
Discodermolide
Halichondrin B
Discodermia dissolute
Lissodendoryx
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(Contd.)
Biota Class Compound Activity
Antiviral activit
Ulva fasciata Green~g~- Ceramide EMCV, JEV
Chondrus crispus Red alga
Sponge
Sea cum cumber
Caraqeenan Mumcs, Inf. B
CalliDelta sp Callipetlin A HIV
Cumaria japonica Cucumariaxanthins
A-C
EB Virus
T. solidum Tunicate Didemnin B DNA & RNA
viruses
Dvsidea avara Averol & Avarone Anti H IV
Dvsidea cineria MeroterDenoid Anti HIV
Cardiovascular s stem
Oscillatoria Cyanobacterium Aeroginosins Thrombin
agardhii antagonist
Microcystisaeruginosa
MicrogininsMicropeptin A-B
ACE, Plasmin &Trypsin Inhibitor
Cyanobacterium
Chondrus crispus Red Alga Carageenan Antithrombotic,Anticoagulant
Cryptotethia
crypta
Sponge Spongosine Vascodilator
Penaresaff
incrustans
Sponge Penaramides Ca++ channelblocker
The horse shoe crab, Limulus polyphemus found in US is an important animal
for testing presence of bacterial endotoxin (pyrogen testing) of pharmaceutical
products. Similar crabs namely Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus
tridentatus and T. gigas are found in Orissa.
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Other commercially relevant marine resources of Orissa include shellfishes,
poisonous and venomous fishes, corals, pearl oyster, jelly fish, cone shells &
stingrays, sea cucumber and starfish, marine annelids, opisthobranch, puffers fishes,
bivalves mollusks, crabs, reef fishes, sea whips, Gymnodium sp., and sea squirt.
Some of the shellfishes such as mudcrab ( Scylla serrata) and Naptunus
pelagicus are being cultivated and are exported to South East Asian countries
where it is considered a delicacy.
A large number of poisonous and venomous fishes are also predominantly
found on the Orissa coast, which are used for preparation of anti venoms etc.
They haveBehrampur University has expertise in marine biotechnology
expertise for culture of buffer fish which is a delicacy in Japan.
A few institutions in the country are engaged in identification of marine
organisms containing bioactive compounds. Central Institute of Fisheries Education,
Mumbai has been working on nutraceuticals and marine toxins; Central Marine
Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi is engaged in development of probiotics; Cochin
University of Science and Technology, Kochi has identified six strains of
Streptomyces as potent sources of anti vibrio molecules and four strains of marine
yeast as sources of single cell protein. The university has also reported extracellular
L-glutaminase production using marine bacteria. Microbial glutaminases gave found
applications in several fields including as therapeutic agents in the treatment of
cancer, in production of specialty chemicals such as threonine, as a flavor enhancing
agent in food industry and in hybridoma cultures.
ABL Biotechnologies Ltd., Chennai has successfully exploited marine
biotechnology on a commercial scale. ABL has isolated a new strain of marine algae
Dunaliella salina, considered to be one of the worlds richest sources of provitamin A,
beta carotene. It produces beta carotene four times as fast as any other known
strain
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In addition to setting up commercial units for production of bioactive
compounds, the state offers immense opportunities for companies capable of
undertaking contract research for identifying new bioactive compounds and
standardization of technologies for their large scale production.
6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
a. Biomining
Orissa being rich in minerals has attracted a number of mining and processing
industries to the state. The existing metallurgical processes are based on
chemical methods. These processes are unable to extract the metals from
low-grade ores cost effectively because of their low metal content and are
generally discarded in waste heaps, leading to environmental pollution. Bio-
mineral process technology uses specific types of microorganism for different
steps, which can extract these metals cost effectively and in eco-friendly
fashion from low-grade ores, concentrates and wastes. Bio-mineral
processing encompasses different component namely bio- leaching, bio-
beneficiation, bioremediation, strain improvement and process engineering.
Technologies for bioleaching of nickel, cobalt and chromium ores, recovery of
metal from various industrial wastes and residues (coal fly ash, lime sludge
etc.), removal of sulphur prior to processing of iron ore and production of
uranium are some of the biotechnologies that have been put to use
effectively,
Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Bhubaneswar has developed and
commercialized a number of technologies in this area. Technologies for
bioleaching of nickel and cobalt from lateritic nickel ore and chromite
overburden using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus
fomigatus are being used at Sukinda in Orissa. Similarly bioleaching process
for manganese ore is being used at Joda, Orissa, .Biotechnologies for metal
recovery from various industrial wastes and residues (coal fly ash, lime sludge
etc.) are also under implementation.
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Newer process for different minerals can be developed and upscaled. These
technologies can be employed and by the existing industrial base in the state
for improving the efficiency of existing process.
b. Bioremediation and ecorestoration
Biotechnology interventions could be used in bioremediation of soil
contaminated with chemicals and ecorestoration of wastelands. Jatropha,
Pongamia, Salvadora species can be grown on wastelands for production of
biodiesel Pollution as well as pathogens can be monitored using biosensors.
Some of these applications could be useful to the existing industry in the State
such as paper and pulp, mining, textile and jute. Regional Research
laboratory, Bhubaneswar is involved in reclamation of chromite and graphite
mines through phytoremidiation. Biotechnology tools can be utilized for
characterization and ex situ conservation of biodiversity. Sambalpur University
has developed a unique technology for restoration of degraded soil.
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7. 5T A TE GOVERNMENT '5 BIOTECH POLICY
AND5UPPORT
The Orissa Government is in the process of finalizing the biotechnology
policy. The policy gives due emphasis to the development of all related areas in
biotechnology. The policy is comprehensive and covers promoting innovation in
R&D, development of industry by supporting infrastructural needs, and public private
partnership, manpower development and training, fiscal and other incentives, and
issues such as biosafety, bioethics & intellectual property rights all of which are
critical for fully harnessing the potential of biotechnology for economic progress.
In view of the uniqueness of rich bioresources in the state, the policy lays
emphasis on development of agricultural biotechnology (organic farming, plant tissue
culture, biofertilisers and biopesticides) aquaculture and marine biotechnology, and
medicinal plant extraction. Stress has also been laid on development of healthcare
through promotion of contract research manufacturing and clinical trials.
Due emphasis has been laid on development and strengthening of manpower
base in biotechnology and related areas such as bioinformatics, bioresources
management in biotechnology, biosafety, bioethics, IPR etc.
A number of fiscal and other incentives have been proposed to promote
comprehensive development of industry including quality production, IPR protection
and market expansion including exports. These include subsidies on capital
investment and interest, tax incentives, benefits in power and water tariffs and land
rates. Other key incentives include exclusive purchase by Government and setting
up a facility for single window clearance of biotech projects.
Establishment of quality infrastructure for incubation of technologies and
promotion of biotech industries by setting up one or more biotechnology parks.
53
To realize the goals s,et in the policy the State Government has constituted a
State Biotechnology Board (SBB) and a State Level Implementation Committee
(SLIC).
*****
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8. LOCA TIONS
The Government of Orissa, proposes to set up a biotechnology park and a
marine biotechnology park. The proposed site for the biotechnology park is at
Patrapada near Bhubaneshwar on the national highway. The site covering an
area of 74 acres, is approximately 7 kilometres from the airport and 10 kilometres
from the railway station It abuts the medicinal plants garden developed by the
State Forest Department,
The marine biotechnology park is proposed to be located at the
Chandrabhaga prawn hatchery, near Konark, Puri, over an area of approximately
22 acres. The hatchery has facilities for pumping and storing seawater,
disinfection, mixing with freshwater, draining and discharge, cemented tanks for
culture of prawn seeds, a PCR laboratory and facilities for culturing algae for
feed. Use of these facilities would expedite the pace of setting up of the park.
The location is cyclone prone and is more suitable for cultivation of microalgae.
Being close to Bhubaneshwar, both the sites provide unique advantages
for development and growth of biotechnology clusters in the state. Proximity to
the centres of higher learning and research in biotechnology such as Orissa
University of Agriculture Technology, Utkal University, Regional Reseach
Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Regional
Medical Research Centre and Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture would
provide the necessary linkages in the form of intellectual input from the faculty to
help the clients by way of consultancy, troubleshooting, and provision of expert
manpower on a short-term or long-term basis. Closeness to such centres would
also encourage faculty members, having an entrepreneurial leaning, to use the
incubation facilities in the park to try out their ideas having commercial potential
and to graduate into technocrat entrepreneurs. It would also facilitate sharing of
sophisticated process equipment and instrumentation.
55
The sites are well connected with respect to transport, communications,
supply of electricity and water. The airport, seaport, railway station and bus
station being close and well connected make these locations attractive to
potential clients.
Bhubaneswar, also provides access to reputed schools and colleges and
civic amenities of a high standard, such as housing, hospitals, recreation centres
and restaurants which are essential to attract talent and expertise in the park.
Access to government machinery in Bhubaneswar would be beneficial
for the clients in the park as well as to the park management for expeditious
statutory clearances
*****
BCIL 56
9. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PROPOSED FORBIOTECH PARKS
9.1 INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY PARKS
The early Science and Technology Parks in the USA and Europe have been
developed and managed initially by a government organisation such as a university
or a research institution. Subsequently following the success of early parks, other
organisations such as national and state governments, regional development
agencies and private investors got encouraged to set up and manage the parks.
9.2 MANAGEMENT MODELS
Based on the global experiences, one of the following three models can be
considered for the park.
1
2
3
Wholly financed and managed by a state government agency.
Developed in collaboration with a private developer and managed as a
joint sector company.
Promoted and managed by a private developer.
Financed and managed bya government agency (as a division or
subsidiary)
In this model, the park will be managed directly by a suitable government
agency with all investment and management provided by the government
directly or indirectly.
Developed in collaboration with a private developer, as a joint sector
company
Under this model, the Government will induct a private partner, preferably a
real estate developer to form a joint sector company. Land may be allotted to
this company, the value of which as mutually agreed between the
Government and the private sector partner will be treated as the
57
Government's equity. Further development work will be financed by the equity
raised by the joint sector partner and other funds raised as loans, grants and
equity from other minority partners.
The development may be done at a pace matching the demand for the
developed facilities of land, laboratories, office space etc. Once the basic
facilities are set up, say by the second year, future development could be
financed substantially from internal generation by way of rentals for built up
space and sale of developed plots. The Government can recover its
investment by sharing of the revenues/profits in the form of dividends.
9.2.3 Promoted and managed by private developer
The private developer may acquire land from the Government by an outright
sale or on long term lease and take up all subsequent activities for developing
the land for a business enterprise zone, constructing the buildings for
technology incubator centre, pilot plant, common facilities etc., as per the
broad structure of biotech park as approved by the Government. In case of
sale, the land will be sold to the developer at market rates. However, as an
incentive to the private developer, the consideration may be treated as a self
loan and recovered over a period of 10-15 years along with a suitable element
of interest or royalty as mutually agreed. The State Government can assist the
private developer initially in developing the linkages, setting up single window
facility for statutory clearances and facilitation of regulatory approvals etc. , for
the benefit of the tenant companies. Under this arrangement, there would be
minimal need for funding the project by the Government except for making the
land available initially, the cost of which also will be recovered in due course.
9.3 INDIAN EXPERIENCE
In India, each of the following five parks which are operational at present
follow the following ownership and management structures.
BCIL 58
S.No.
1.
Park
Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
Management structure
Joint venture between State
government and a real estate
developer
2. TICEL Biotech Park (TIDCO Centre forLife Sciences) Chennai, Tamil Nadu
State government undertaking
(TICEL Biopark Limited)
3. Lucknow Biotech Park, Lucknow,Ut tar Pradesh
Managed by a Society
4. KINFRA Biotech Park, Kochi, Kerala Initial development taken up byKerala Industrial Infrastructure
Development Corporation(KINFRA). A private partner hasbeen identified.
5 Karnataka Biotech Park, BangaloreKarnataka
Run by a society in collaborationwith a private agency to beidentified shortly
The strategy used for development of biotech parks by the leading states are
described below
Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park, Hyderabad,
The Government of Andhra Pradesh has set up a joint venture company
named as Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park Pvt. Ltd., (SPBPL) a leading
construction company in the Tata Group to develop and manage the park.
Shapoorji Pallonji has 89% and the State Government have 11% of equity
shares in the joint venture. SPBPL is headed by a CEO who is responsible
for management of the park and for sourcing of the tenants. The park is
collaborating with the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT),
Hyderabad, for setting up of a biotechnology preincubator in IICT and a
biotechnology incubator in the park.
59
Biotech Park, Bangalore, Karnataka
Karnataka Biotechnology and Information Technology Services (KBITS), an
autonomous society set up under the aegis of the Department of Information
Technology and Biotechnology, Government of Karnataka, is the nodal
agency for implementation of Biotech Park, Bangalore, Karnataka. The
KBITS assists the State Government in promotion and growth of information
technology and biotechnology and other knowledge based industries through
assistance in implementation of policies and programmes and creation of
necessary infrastructure. The Government had allotted 104 acres of land in
the Electronic City, Bangalore, for setting up the park. KBITS has taken
possession of the land owned by the Department of Information Technology
and Biotechnology and would develop the park on behalf of the department.
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has financially supported the setting
up of an incubator, common instrumentation facility, animal house, green
house and IPR facilitation cell.
The State Government proposes to set up the park under a public-private
partnership framework. The State Government's contribution is in the form of
land and preliminary project development activities. The State Government
has recently set up two institutions namely Institute of Bioinformatics and
Applied Biotechnology (IBAB) and Centre for Human Genetics (CHG) to
provide effective linkages and interaction among academia, R&D institutions
and industry. IBAB housed at International Technology Park, Bangalore,
aimed at imparting education and training in biotechnology, research and
entrepreneurship. CHG focuses on research on human genetics,
comparative genomics, stem cells, molecular cytogenetics, epigenetics etc.
The private partner would be responsible for setting up support infrastructure,
business centre and utilities, the cost of which would be recovered from the
clients over a period of time.
60
PROPOSED MODEL FOR ORISSA BIOTECH PARKS
The development of the Orissa parks could be initiated by a suitable
government agency probably through a cell (with the minimum number of expert
manpower initially)/division earmarked for the Biotech park. Meanwhile, steps may
be taken to identify a private partner for further development and management of the
park as a joint venture, assisted unit or a private venture.
*****
61
10. FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Presently there is only one dedicated financial scheme for supporting
biotechnology park which is administered by the Department of Biotechnology.
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), a society under the Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology, Government of India, has recently
been identified as a nodal agency for implementation of Bio-IT Park project.
In addition, financial support is available from the Department of Science &
Technology for setting up Technology Business Incubators (TBI) and Science and
Technology Entrepreneurs' Parks (STEP).
The criteria for eligibility of the host institute, the components in the park
eligible for financial support and the nature of funds for the above schemes are
summarized is below:
Biotechnology Parka.
The funds are administered by the Department of Biotechnology. The fund
can be extended to private industry or public-private partnerships in the form
of grant upto 30% of the total cost or upto 49% in the form of equity.
The funds could be utilized for establishing incubators, fermentation units,
GLP/GMP facilities, specialized equipments, greenhouses, networking and
data connectivity etc. To the extent possible, the promoter would use existing
facilities of R&D of academic, industrial and Institutional through networking.
The scheme expects that the revenue from services rendered, lease rent etc.
would be ploughed back into the Park/incubators/facilities to achieve
sustainability
BCIL 62
b. BIO-IT park
The proposed Bio-IT park would be a joint venture between the STPI, State
Government and Private Partner(s). The role of the stakeholders is as follows:
1 Identified State Government will be an equity partner in the SPV to the
extent of the value of land and other basic infrastructure provided by it to
the Park.
2 STPI will act as an enabler and facilitator for the development of the Park.
It will also have a minority stake in the equity capital of the SPV, based on
the mutually agreed financial parameters.
3 The Private Partner(s) will retain the majority stake as well as
management control. They will have to raise funds and manage the
Project.
4 Government of India through its agencies Department of Information
Technology (DIT) (Ministry of Communications and Information
Technology) and Department of Biotechnology, (Ministry of Science and
Technology) will fund the development of the identified specialized
infrastructure in the proposed service block of the park to the extent of Rs.
30-35 crores.
The park is proposed to be developed on a public-private partnership model
and would serve as a dedicated industrial cluster conjoining life sciences
research with state-of-the-art computer science. The park will primarily
promote human health related R&D activities in all the major segments of
computational biology. Initially, the park will focus on the seven areas namely,
bioinformatics, cheminformatics, pharmacogenomics, clinical informatics,
molecular modelling, bio engineering and bio simulations.
The categories under which the tenants can be classified are drug discovery
companies, pharmaceutical industry , pure play bio-IT companies,
biotechnology companies focusing on human health, IT companies with focus
on life sciences/healthcare, service providers to life sciences industry .The
BCIL 63
facilities and infrastructure at the Park would be designed keeping in mind the
specialized and common requirements of these companies.
Kolkata is one of the six potential locations identified for development of the
Bio-IT Park in the country.
c. Technology Business Incubators (TBI)
The TBI scheme is operated by the National Science and Technology
Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) set up under the aegis of
the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
The host institute (HI) eligible for setting up TBI should have good track record
of R&D expertise, commercialization of R&D output, dedicated team of
scientists and availability of research infrastructure and facilities.
The host institute has to provide the land and building for the TBI. DST
provides funding support for setting up of modern workstations,.
Communication facilities, computing facilities, vital equipments, library and
information centre, training and conference facilities.
As far legal status, the TBI could be a registered society or a division of the
host institute enjoying independent administrative and financial status. The
affairs of TBI should be managed by an Advisory Board.
d. Science and Technology Entrepreneurs' Park (STEP)
The STEP programme is also administered by the NSTEDB under the DST
for promoting entrepreneurship among the scientists. The funds are available
for providing R&D support to small scale industry and for promoting innovation
based enterprises.
The facilities eligible for funding include nursery sheds, testing facilities,
business facilitation centres, computing, databank, library and documentation,
BCIL 64
communication facilities, common facilities such as phone, fax, photocopies
training facilities, quality assurance services, common utility services etc.
e. Incentives
Government is considering the request of a few existing biotech parks for
according them the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) status which will provide
the tenant units in the park with the following incentives:
The units may import or procure from the domestic sources, all their
requirements of capital goods, raw materials, consumables etc. duty free
without any licence or specific approval.
2 Importldomestic procurement of goods exemption from Custom/Excise
duty.
3. Reimbursement of central Sales Tax paid on domestic purchases
Units are eligible for a corporate tax holiday upto 2010.4
5. Part of production or production process may be undertaken in the
domestic area by SEZ units.
6. SEZ units may also sub-contract part of their production process abroad
7 100% foreign direct investment is freely allowed in manufacturing sector in
SEZ units under automatic route.
8. Goods imported/procured locally duty free could be utilized over the
approval period of 5 years.
9 Customs services available in the zone to SEZ units at no extra charge.
*****
65BCIL
11. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Orissa has many attributes favourable for development of biotechnology industry
The major ones are as follows
1 It has rich natural resources based on a diversity of flora and fauna
resulting from the diverse agroclimatic zones, long coastline and large fresh
and brackish water bodies
2 A wide variety of commercial crops are cultivated which lend themselves for
improvement by biotechnology interventions. Examples of such
interventions are application of biofertilizers for soil fertility; biopesticides for
environment friendly integrated pest management; genetic modification to
produce golden rice; tissue culture for horticulture, floriculture and medicinal
plants,
~ The abundance of fresh and brackish water bodies inland as well as in
coastal areas, enable culture of a variety of species of fish, shrimp, prawns
and aquaculture. Utilization of the rich marine organisms, present in the
mangroves in the Bhitarkanika for isolation of highly value added pigments
and compounds having unique medicinal applications is another area.
Modification of the through biotechnologyorganisms can Increase
productivity in aquaculture and enhancement of the content of useful
components in marine organisms.
4 From the basic industrial infrastructure point of view, Orissa offers adequate
support for any industry. It is a power surplus State. Land is available at
locations well connected by road, rail, air and also has access to port. Both
the location are in the proximately of major cities of Bhubaneswar and Puri
which provides excellent civic infrastructure such as schools and colleges,
hospitals and recreation facilities. These locations can attract and retain the
BCIL 66
highly skilled manpower required for a knowledge based industry such as
biotechnology.
5, Orissa has a geographical advantage being surrounded by the Jharkhand,
West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and can service the
demand for products such as agri products and practices (e.g. organic
farming, tissue culture), diagnostics and therapeutics
6 Orissa can also cater to the requirements of the eastern SMRC countries
and the North East States through West Bengal, It can also cater to the
requirements of South East Asian and Pacific rim countries either through
the international airport at Kolkata or through its two ports at Paradeep and
Gopalpur.
7 The State houses a number of universities and centres of higher learning,
which are sources of highly accomplished and skilled manpower at the post
graduate and doctoral levels in life sciences, which is essential to develop
biotech products and processes and to man biotech industries. These
Orissa University forinclude Utkal University, Behrampur University,
Agriculture and Technology and Sambalpur University
8. Research Institutes and Universities such as Central Institute of Freshwater
Aquaculture, Central Rice Research Institute, Institute of Life Sciences,
Regional Medical Research Centre, Regional Plant Resource Centre
Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, and Utkal University are
engaged in high quality research in various areas of biotechnology such as
micropropagation, transgenic plants, clinical trials, medicinal plant
extraction, diagnostics and drug designing and delivery, and biomining. A
few technologies developed by them have been commercialized and many
more are in the pipeline.
67BCIL
9, With their exposure to biotechnology commercialization the scientists in the
research institutes and the faculty in the centres of higher learning can
provide assistance to biotech units through consultancy. They could also
develop into bioentrepreneurs in an environment of strong government
policy support, availability of technology incubation facilities at affordable
cost and venture capital support,
10. The State has a well established industrial culture, although primarily in the
engineering sector. The State also has a strong industrial base in agro and
food processing, mining and paper pulp. Information technology sectors
which would provide the required synergies for development of biotech units
in the State, is also developing very fast.
11 A draft biotechnology policy announced by the State Government is very
comprehensive and provides for facilities and incentives for supporting the
development of biotech industry in the State including strengthening the
technology base, facilitating networking with research institutes and
universities, setting up of biotech parks, strengthening of skilled manpower
base and providing financial support and incentives to biotech units in the
State.
12 For facilitation of accelerated development of technologies and their
commercialization, recommended that biotechnology parksit is
biotechnology incubators, common facilities and provision for a few
commercial units may be set up, drawing support from universities and
research institutes for technical expertise of the faculty and sharing of
sophisticated information and equipment. Two sites have been identified
one for biotechnology at Patrapada and other for marine biotechnology park
at chandrabhaga near Konark. From the criteria of physical and social
infrastructure, connectivity and networking with centres of higher learning
and research, availability of skilled manpower and proximity to the
BCIL 68
administrative departments connected with development of knowledge
based industries, both locations are suitable for the activity.
*****
BCIL 69
ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR RESEARCH INSTITUTES/UNIVERSITIES,INDUSTRIES AND GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
SETTING UP OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PARKS IN ORISSA:INPUTS FROM RESEARCH INSTITUTES/UNIVERSITIES
REQUEST FOR
A. About the Institution/Department
1. Name of the Institution/Department:
2. Name & Designation of contact person
3. Address
4. T elephone/fax/email/website
B. Inputs for Orissa biotechnology parks
1 Viable products/projects
2 Suggested locations for setting up the parks
3. Facilities to be incorporated in the parks for promoting the above
Infrastructural facilities for example:a. Pre-constructed laboratory modules
b, Developed industrial plots
c
d,
e,
Pilot plant facility for scale up
Central instrumentation/analytical laboratory
Common equipment facility (e.g., fermentation, down stream processing,
animal and plant tissue culture, animal house etc.)
f Any other (please specify)
(Contd.)
Common facilities
a. Water
ii
b. Power
Steamc.
d, Common effluent treatment plant
Others (please specify)e.
iii Consultancy servicesa. Technology sourcing / development / transfer
b. Fund sourcing
Marketing assistancec.
d, Facilitation of regulatory approvals
e. Registration of products
f. Clinical trials
Others (please specify)9
4. Areas in which your institute can help entrepreneurs in the biotechnology
parks
Transfer of technology (kindly mention technologies ready for transfer, theircommercial applications and scale of development e.g., lab/pilot scale),available at the institute; technologies transferred / commercialized so far, ifany.
BCIL Al.2
(Contd.)
Making available facilities/expertise on a fee (please tick the relevant items),ii.
D
DDD
Cloning and expression D DNA Sequencing D Oligo synthesis
Animal tissue culture D Fermentation (lab, pilot)
Downstream processing D Plant tissue culture
Peptide synthesis D DNA fingerprinting
Spectrophotometry (NMR, CD, Mass)D Hybridoma technology
Purification (lab scale -HPLC/FPLC/lon exchange/Affinity chromatography)
D
D
D Others (Please specify)
Providing consultancy for technical advise, trouble shooting, technologydevelopment, scale-up, field trial etc., (Kindly specify the areas and natureof consultancy)
iii.
Providing specialized manpower (Kindly specify the various biotechprogrammes operational in the organization e.g., Postgraduate and Postdoctoral programmes in biotech and related subjects e.g., microbiology,molecular biology, life sciences etc; any specialized training programmes
etc.)
iv
c. National and international linkages to be established by the park forfacilitating commercial biotechnology activities.
D. Contact details of other resource persons/organizations/companies in theregion who could be consulted for inputs on their expectations from the
parks.
E. Any other point that you would like us to consider for structuring the park
Al.3BCIL
(Contd.)
SETTING UP OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PARKS IN ORISSA: REQUEST FORINPUTS FROM INDUSTRY
A. About the organization:
1. Name of the organization
2. Name & Designation of the contact person
3. Address
4. Telephone/fax/email/website
5. Status (Public limited, private limited, partnership, others
6. Nature of biotechnology activities
B. Inputs on Orissa biotechnology parks:
a Viable products/projects
b. Suitable locations for setting up the parks
c. Would your company be interested in locating unit(s) in the parks or use itsfacilities? If yes, please specify the areas and nature of requirements
d For each of the suggested areas, please mention the facilities expected inthe parks
Infrastructure facilities (Please specify minimum area required in sq.ft.),for example:
a. Pre-constructed laboratory/factory modules
A 4
b.
c.
d
e
f .
Developed industrial plots
Pilot plants for scale up / pre-commercial production facilities
Central instrumentation/analytical laboratory (Please specify the
major instruments)
Common equipment facility (e.g., fermentation, down stream
processing, animal and plant tissue culture, medicinal plant extraction
etc.)
Animal house (specify the desired standards)
g. Green house
h. Anyother
ii , Services required
a. Quality assurance
b. DNA sequencing/synthesis, peptide sequencing/synthesis
c. Any other (please specify)
iii Common facilities
-Water
Power
Steam
Common effluent treatment plant
Bonded warehouse
Others (please specify)
Consultancy servicesiv.
Technology sourcing / development / transfer
Fund sourcing
Marketing assistance
Facilitation of regulatory approvals
BCIL Al.5
Clinical trials ,
Others (please specify)
c. Areas in which your organization can help/have synergy withentrepreneurs, universities and research institutions participating inthe biotechnology parks
Extending technical and marketing guidance/consultancya,
b Promoting ancillary units
Contract productionc.
d Others (please specify)
D. National and international linkages to be established by the parks forfacilitating commercial biotechnology activities.
E. Contact details of other resource persons/organizations/companies inthe region who could be consulted for inputs on their expectations fromthe parks.
Any other point that you would like us to consider for structuring the parkF.
Al.6BCIL
(Contd.)
1C. SETTING UP OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PARKS IN ORISSA:REQUEST FOR INPUTS FROM GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
A. About the Department
1. Name of the Department:
2. Name & Designation of contact person
3. Address
4. Telephone/faxlemail/website'
B. Inputs for Orissa biotechnology parks
1 Key resources and present status of their utilization
2 Major programmes for promoting commercializationproducts/processes and their salient features
of biotech
Nature of incentives extendeda
Specialized facilities set up, if anyb
BCIL A 7
c, Impact of programme in terms of:
Improved utilization of resources
ii. Entrepreneurship development
Market development
Any otherIV.
3. Areas in which the Department could help entrepreneurs in the park
a, Access to specialized infrastructure
b. Access to markets
Financial assistancec
d Subsidy on product costlland cost etc
Specialized training programmee.
f. Any other (Please specify)
BCIL 8A
ANNEX 2: RESOURCE PERSONS MET FOR ORISSA BIOTECH PARK
A. UNIVERSITIES
Persons ContactedS.No. University
1 Behrampur University, Behrampur Dr. 5.5. KhoraResearcher -Ocean ScienceTechnology Cell
2 Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi
Dr. Ut tam Kumar Pati
Chairman
Centre for Biotechnology
Prof. Santosh KarCentre for Biotechnology
3 Orissa University of Agriculture &Technology, Bhubaneswar
Dr. Dayanidhi Mahopatra
Head
Department of Agricultural Biotech
Biotechnology Laboratory
Dr. K. Karuna Sree
Assistant Professor
Department of Bioinformatics
Mrs. S.M. Mohapatra
Assistant Professor
P.G. Microbiology
4 Sambalpur University, Sambalpur Dr. B.K. Senapati
Professor & Head
School of Life Sciences
Dr. Dinabandhu Sahoo
Associate Professor
Department of Botany
University of Delhi, New Delhi5
6. Utkal University, Bhubneswar Dr. G.B.N. Chainy
Head
P.G. Department of Biotechnology
Dr. Siba Prasad AdhikaryReaderPoGo Department of Biotechnology
BCIL A2.1
(Contd.)B. RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Persons Contacted
1 Dr. N. SarangiDirector
Central Institute of FreshwaterAquaculture, Bhubaneswar
Dr. P. DasSenior Scientist
2 Central Rice Research Institute,
Cut tack
Dr. G.J.N. Rao
Principal Scientist & Head
(Crop Improvement)
3 Institute of Life SciencesBhubaneswar
Prof P .C. Supakar
Director I/C
Dr. S.K. DasLecturer
I Dr. s.c. SabatProfessor
Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur
Prof. S.K. Dubey
Director
4.
Dr. B.C. Ghosh
Head,Department of Food Agriculture
and Food Engineering
Dr. Satyahari Dey,HeadDepartment of Biotechnology
Prof. Partha P. Chakrabarti
Prof. Department of CSE
Prof.-ln-ChargeAdv. VLSI
Prof. Rintu Banerjee
Downstream Processing, Microbial
Biotechnology,Department of Agricultural andFood Engineering
1 I
Prof. Amit Kumar DasStructural BiologyDepartment of Biotechnology
BCIl A2.2
(Contd.)
S.No. Research Institutes Persons Contacted
Indian Institute of Technology,
Kharagpur
Dr. Sudip Kumar Ghosh
Immunology and Molecular
BiologyDepartment of Biotechnology
Prof. P. PramanikSolid State Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Prof. Amit Basak
Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry
Dr. Tanmaya Pathak
Associate ProfessorCarbohydrate and Nucleoside
ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry
Dr. Das Gupta Swagata
Assistant ProfessorProtein Chemistry, ProteinStructure Analysis,Department of Chemistry
5 Regional Medical Research Centre,Bhubaneswar
Dr. S.K. KarDirector
Dr. R.S. BalgirDeputy Director
Dr. M.R. RanjitSenior Research Officer
Dr. M.K. BeuriaSenior Research Officer
6 Regional Plant Resource Centre,Bhubaneswar
Dr. G.R. RoutSenior Scientist
7 Dr. P.S. MukherjeeDeputy Director
Regional Research Laboratory,Bhubaneswar
Dr. 5.8. 5ahooSenior Scientist
BCIL A2.3
(Contd.)c. INDUSTRY
Persons contactedS.No. Industry
Abl Biotechnologies Ltd., Chennai Dr. T. Ajith Kumar
General Manaaer
1
2 E.I.D. Parry (India) Ltd Dr. 5.5. Pillai
Vice President (BioDroducts)
Expo Biotech Limited, Rayagada Shri S. Panda
Director
1
Imgenex Biotech Pvt. Ltd.,Bhubaneswar
I Shri N.P. Rout
Scientist
2
3 J.K. Paper Limited, Rayagada Shri A.K. Sarda
Vice Chairman. Plantation
Shri S. Adhikari
~qJ!!Q Director
4 Kalinga Plant Resource Centre,Bhubaneswar
D. GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES
Persons ContactedS.No. Name of the department
Shri H.S. Chhahar
Principal Secretary
1 Agriculture Department,Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
Dr. L.N. DasDeputy Director- Horticulture
Ms. Ranjana ChopraDirector
Shri U.N. BeheraJoint Secretary
2 Department of Biotechnology,Government of India
Dr. B.S. DasFormer Advisor
Shri G.C. Pati
Secretary
Industries Department,Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
3.
Shri D.P. MohapatraAdditional Secretary
Shri N.B. DhalDirector
I 1
A2.4BCIL
(Contd.)
*****
BCIL A2.5