DESIGN OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS George Goble Goble PileTest, Inc.
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STOP GLOBAL WARMING
1.1 . SYSTEM OVERVIEW:
Few decades ago, scientists generally believed that significant large-scale past global
and regional climate changes occurred at a gradual pace within a time scale of many centuries
of millennia. A secondary assumption followed: climate changes were scarcely perceptible
during a human lifetime. Recent pale climatic studies, however, have proven otherwise that
global climate can change rapidly .Humanity is now faced with the contentious problem of
global warming and the potential for catastrophic climatic change. How will the global
climate system react to the ever-increasing amounts of anthropogenic carbon dioxide now
entering the atmosphere? Currently there is evidence that we are on a warming trend which
many scientists suggest is evidence of global warming. There are researchers who argue that
the same trend is a more natural adjustment of the global climate system recovering from the
Little Ice Age, the last nature climate deterioration that ended 100 years ago. Global warming
is a serious burning issue of the world and therefore the new age should take concrete steps
towards preserving earth.
This is a social website for encouraging people to abstain from various pollution
causatives. It works on the principles of health promotion and strengthening the society. It not
only makes the users aware of the diseases caused but also how to prevent them. It encourage,
conduct and participate in investigations and research relating to problems of water, land and
air pollution and its prevention, control.
Then humanity discovered “fossil fuels, “millions of years of plant accumulations,
preserved in the form of coal, oil and natural gas. We saw this treasure as a bonanza of almost
“free energy,” and have burned nearly half of those millions of years of accumulation in the
last 200 years, increasing our rate of consumption every year. The outcome is that these
human-driven emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been much more than current plant
life can absorb, increasing the worldwide atmospheric levels of CO2 from the average over
the past million years of 280 parts per million (ppm) to nearly 400 ppm today, and levels are
now increasing exponentially.
The CO2 (and other human-produced emissions of “greenhouse gases”) have created a
blanket around the earth, increasing its temperatures and altering its climate (just as the glass
roof of greenhouse increases the inside temperature). The only way to restore earth’s previous
balance is to reduce humanity’s emissions of CO2 (and other greenhouse gases) to a level that
earth’s plants can absorb, which scientists calculate at only 20% of current emission levels.
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 1
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This means that all emissions must drop 80%, which is an even bigger job because of
population increases. Many scientists say that if this goal is achieved by 2050, we might avoid
the most catastrophic effects of global warming, others say it must be reached by 2030.
Zero waste is very important, but even more important is purchasing less, especially
things that have been shipped from long distances. Or if you have to buy something, if
possible buy from a thrift store or borrow from a friend. If you have access to a yard, grow
your own food.
The bottom line is to look at everything you do from a carbon footprint perspective.
Reduce your consumption of fossil fuels in every possible way, from less driving to shorter
showers to fewer airplane flights (vacation locally!). Install solar thermal panels on your roof
to heat your hot water plus solar electric PV panels to power your house, charge your electric
car, and send surplus electricity back into the grid.
1.2. SCOPE :
Global warming is the major issue in the present generation that are facing if it
continues then definitely the future generation cannot survive. For this we have to introduce
eco friendly interface between human and nature. For this it is one of the method to control
global warming we are creating the awareness to people by sending the reports weekly
monthly to the registered users. In this reports it includes how to save water, paper and natural
resources and also it tells the users how to use the natural resources scarce fully then the
future generations can make use of it. the registered users. In this reports it includes how to
save water, paper and natural resources and also it tells the users how to use the natural
resources scarce fully then the future generations can make use of it.
2.1. EXISTING SYSTEM:
1. In existing system there was no effective interaction with the users through online.
2. Public awareness campaigns are conducted to raise social consciousness, though many acts
were implemented most of the people are not aware about that.
3. Even though there may be a chance to surf in the internet they don’t found exact details. It
takes more time to find the information.
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2.2. PROPOSED SYSTEM:
1. This is a social website for encouraging people to abstain from various pollution causatives.
2. Provides effective interaction with people both online and offline.
3. Collaborates with CPCB in organizing the training of persons to prevention and control of
water/air pollution and to organize mass education programs.
2.3. FEASIBILITY STUDY:
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:
Evaluating the technical feasibility is the trickiest part of a feasibility study. This is
because, at this point in time, not too many detailed design of the system, making it difficult
to access issues like performance, costs on (on account of the kind of technology to be
deployed) etc. A number of issues have to be considered while doing a technical analysis.
i) Understand the different technologies involved in the proposed system:
Before commencing the project, we have to be very clear about what are the technologies that
are to be required for the development of the new system.
ii) Find out whether the organization currently possesses the required
technologies:
Is the required technology available with the organization?
If so is the capacity sufficient?
For instance – “Will the current printer be able to handle the new reports and forms required
for the new system?”
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:
Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned into information systems
that will meet the organizations operating requirements. Simply stated, this test of feasibility
asks if the system will work when it is developed and installed. Are there major barriers to
Implementation? Here are questions that will help test the operational feasibility of a project:
Is there sufficient support for the project from management from users? If the current system
is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not be able to see reasons for change,
there may be resistance.
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Are the current business methods acceptable to the user? If they are not, Users may welcome
a change that will bring about a more operational and useful systems.
Have the user been involved in the planning and development of the project?
Early involvement reduces the chances of resistance to the system and in
General and increases the likelihood of successful project.
Since the proposed system was to help reduce the hardships encountered. In the existing
manual system, the new system was considered to be operational feasible.
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY:
Economic feasibility attempts 2 weigh the costs of developing and implementing a new
system, against the benefits that would occur from having the new system in place. This
feasibility study gives the top management the economic justification for the new system.
A simple economic analysis which gives the actual comparison of costs
and benefits are much more meaningful in this case. In addition, this proves to be a useful
point of reference to compare actual costs as the project progresses. There could be various
types of intangible benefits on account of automation. These could include increased
customer satisfaction, improvement in product quality better decision making timeliness of
information, expediting activities, improved accuracy of operations, better documentation and
record keeping, faster retrieval of information, better employee morale.
2.4. SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECFICATIONS:
SOFTWARE INTERFACE:
Client on internet : web browser, operating system (any).
Client on intranet : client software, Web browser, operating system(any)
Web server : WAS, operating system (any).
Database server : DB2, operating system (any).Development
End : WSAD(J2EE, Java, Java beans, Servlets,
HTML)DB2, OS(Windows),web server.
HARDWARE INTERFACE:
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 4
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J2EE: Java
Platform,
Enterprise
Edition or
Java EE is a
widely used
platform for
server
programming
in the Java
programming
language. The Java platform (Enterprise Edition) differs from the Java Standard Edition
Platform (Java SE) in that it adds libraries which provide functionality to deploy fault-
tolerant, distributed, multi-tier Java software, based largely on modular components running
on an application server.
Web server – WASCE: Web Sphere Application Server Community Edition (from now on
WASCE) is a free, certified Java EE 5 server for building and managing Java applications. It
is IBM's supported distribution of Apache Geronimo that uses Tomcat for servlet container
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 5
CLIENT SIDE
PROCESSOR
RAM
DISK SPACE
INTERNET EXPLORER 6.0
PENTIUM II AT 500 MHz
64MB
1GB
SERVER SIDEWEB SPHERE APPLICATION SERVER V5.0
PENTIUM III AT 1 GHz
512 MB
2 GB
DB2V8.1
PENTIUM III AT 1 GHz
512 MB
1GB(EXCLUDING DATA SIZE)
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and Axis 2 for web services. Over 15 WASCE developers are committers in the Apache
Geronimo project.
Development tool –RAD:IBM Rational Application Developer for Web Sphere Software
(RAD) is an integrated development environment (IDE), made by IBM's Rational Software
division, for visually designing, constructing, testing, and deploying Web services, portals,
and Java (J2EE) applications.
Database platform – DB2:DB2 Database is the database management system that delivers a
flexible and cost effective database platform to build robust on demand business applications
and supports the J2EE and web services standards.
2.5. DATAFLOW DIAGRAMS:
A graphical tool used to describe and analyze the moment of data through a system
manual or automated including the process, stores of data, and delays in the system. Data
Flow Diagrams are the central tool and the basis from which other components are developed.
The transformation of data from input to output, through processes, may be described
logically and independently of the physical components associated with the system. The
DFD is also know as a data flow graph or a bubble chart.
DFDs are the model of the proposed system. They clearly should show the
requirements on which the new system should be built. Later during design activity this is
taken as the basis for drawing the system’s structure charts. The Basic Notation used to
create a DFD’s are as follows:
1. Dataflow: Data move in a specific direction from an origin to a destination.
2. Process: People, procedures, or devices that use or produce (Transform) Data. The
physical component is not identified.
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3. Source: External sources or destination of data, which may be People, programs,
organizations or other entities.
4. Data Store: Here data are stored or referenced by a process in the System.
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ARCHITECTURAL DIAGRAM:
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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:
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3.1.CLASS DIAGRAM:
Member|Registereduser
name : stringemailid : string
feedback()download()terminate()
gov/nongovsgencies
govt name : stringaddress : stringnongovname : string
generate reports()distribute reports()councelling()
Anonymous user
name : stringemailid : string
read()mebershiprequest()
Admin
admin name : stringunique id : number
view log()update resources()manage Group()approve updates()
3.2. USE CASE DIAGRAM:
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Use case for an anonymous user:
read
use resources
ananymous user
membership request
Use case for a registered user:
read
use resources
feedback
member
terminate
Use case for admin:
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approve members
view details
approve activity
admin
update resources
Over all use case diagram:
3.3. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:
OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:
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ACTIVITY FOE THE TYPE OF USER:
4.1 NUMBER OF MODULES:
1. Anonymous user
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2. Registered user
3. Site administrator
4. Government/non-government agencies
MODULES DESCRIPTION:
1. Anonymous User:
i. Read: He can read the information available and can access all the textual resources
available on the website.
ii. Use Resources: He can download the matter available on the website and use them with
the help of tools locally available on the client machine.
iii. Membership Request: He can send the membership request to the administrator and can
get reports.
2. Member:
i. Login: A member can login or log out of his personal account using his unique id and
password.
ii. Change: He can change the personal information provided to the website.
iii. Terminate: He can terminate his membership anytime. A notification will be sent to the
administrator on account of that.
iv. Use resources: he can further use the resources with more authority and rights.
v. Feedback: He can send the feedback to the administrator regarding any experience or
difficulty he has faces in accessing the resources over the website.
vi. View own details: Any member can view his/her own details after logging in.
vii. View group homepage/information: A member can view the group home page and
check for all the updates available there.
3. Administrator:
i. Account: The administrator has the highest authority amongst all the actors that exist.
He gets the notifications regarding any new activity that happens over the website.
ii. Manage members: Administrator has the rights to approve or disapprove any
membership request. He can keep a closed watch over all the members activities.
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iii. Administrator login: he can personally login and approve of the changes that are pending
his approval.
iv. Manage groups: He can manage groups also, besides managing the individual accounts.
He can control the matter that is being posted there.
v. View logs: He can view the complete log information of the people who have accessed
the website in certain duration of time. He can build other statistics based on the
requirements.
vi. View all details: He can view all details about individual members, their email ids,
addresses etc.
4. Government/Non Government Organizations:
i. Account: They can maintain their individual accounts and can control activities over
their corresponding groups.
ii. Manage members: they can communicate with the administrators regarding the
controlling of individual members over the group and websites.
iii. Counselling: They can spread awareness amongst individuals by communicating with
them individually or collectively.
4.2. ANONYMOUS USERS:
Causes for pollution
View own details: Reason for pollution details prevention and control details.
Alternate flow of events:
To prepare the awareness programs to prevent the pollution.
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 15
Anonymous users
View own details
ask for problems
Store the problems
Display error
Measures to solve the problems
Manage pollution
Anti-pollution awareness
Pollutiondetails
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4.3. GROUP MEMBERS:
Responsible for managing the pollutions details, update and view all details.
Manage pollution: Record problems of pollutions, update and view their details.
Service catalogue: Create and update the pollution service for public.
Manage pollution:
Name of use case: update the pollution problems
Description: To create the details and awareness about pollution
Preconditions: prevent the pollution to stop the global warming.
Normal flow of events:
i. Analyzing the problems of public.
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ii. Generating the reports to control them.
iii. Creating awareness stories for the public to understand them in a easy manner.
Alternate flow of events:
Prepare some stories about global warming to bring awareness among the public.
Post condition: none
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 17
Awareness program
Control pollution
Stop global
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4.4. SITE ADMINISTRATOR:
Responsible for managing system Users, Viewing logs and view all details.
Manage system Users: The Administrator will create different roles. The system users
will be created and will be assigned with the different roles.
View logs: Responsible for checking the logs of different system user about pollution
and causes.
View All Details: View the problem of water, land and air pollution and its prevention,
control details.
Name of use case: View System Users
Description: View the list of system users in a role and view the details of roles, tasks and
permissions assigned to a system user.
Preconditions:
i. Administrator is already logged in.
ii. System users have already been created and assigned some roles, tasks and
permissions.
Normal flow of events:
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 18
Manage system users
Create system users
Update details of users
View system user
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i. The system user or a role will be selected.
ii. Query will be submitted.
iii. Relevant output will be displayed (If system user is selected then roles, tasks
and permissions assigned to one will be displayed and if role is selected then list
of system users assigned to that role will be displayed).
Alternate flow of events: None
Post Condition: None.
role
System user
4.5. GOVERNMENT OR NON-GOVERNMENT AGENCIES:
View details: Can view the details of pollution, its causes, view the prevention and controls
for conducting awareness programs.
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 19To study Pollution
causes
Ask for selecting role or system user
Details of roles, tasks.
List of system users
Which are assigned
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Name of use case: View the pollution control.
Description: Support manager can view prevention and control according to the pollution.
Pollution type
Prevention and controls
service calls
Subject
Feedback
Normal flow of events:Select the awareness program conducted to prevent the pollution
Post condition: none
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 20
Government or non government agencies
To generate Awareness programs
To know Prevention and controls
Anti-pollution activities
Select according to the problems
Display solutions
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5.1 Testing Fundamentals:
Software Testing is the process used to help identify the correctness,
completeness, security, and quality of developed computer software. Testing is a process of
technical investigation, performed on behalf of stakeholders, that is intended to reveal quality-
related information about the product with respect to the context in which it is intended to
operate. This includes, but is not limited to, the process of executing a program or application
with the intent of finding errors.
Quality is not an absolute; it is value to some person. With that in
mind, testing can never completely establish the correctness of arbitrary computer software;
testing furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behaviour of the
product against a specification. An important point is that software testing should be
distinguished from the separate discipline of Software Quality Assurance (SQA), which
encompasses all business process areas, not just testing.
There are many approaches to software testing, but effective testing
of complex products is essentially a process of investigation, not merely a matter of creating
and following routine procedure. One definition of testing is "the process of questioning a
product in order to evaluate it", where the "questions" are operations the tester attempts to
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execute with the product, and the product answers with its behavior in reaction to the probing
of the tester[citation needed].
Although most of the intellectual processes of testing are nearly
identical to that of review or inspection, the word testing is connoted to mean the dynamic
analysis of the product—putting the product through its paces. Some of the common quality
attributes include capability, reliability, efficiency, portability, maintainability, compatibility
and usability. A good test is sometimes described as one which reveals an error; however,
more recent thinking suggests that a good test is one which reveals information of interest to
someone who matters within the project community.
Software testing is just one kind of verification, which also uses techniques as reviews,
inspections, walk-through. Validation is the process of checking what has been specified is
what the user actually wanted.
Validation: Are we doing the right job?
Verification: Are we doing the job right?
In order to achieve consistency in the Testing style, it is imperative to have and follow a
set of testing principles. This enhances the efficiency of testing within SQA team
members and thus contributes to increased productivity. The purpose of this document is
to provide overview of the testing, plus the techniques.
At SDEI, 3 levels of software testing is done at various SDLC phases
Unit Testing: in which each unit (basic component) of the software is tested to verify that
the detailed design for the unit has been correctly implemented
Integration testing: in which progressively larger groups of tested software components
corresponding to elements of the architectural design are integrated and tested until the
software works as a whole.
System testing: in which the software is integrated to the overall product and tested to
show that all requirements are met
A further level of testing is also done, in accordance with requirements:
Acceptance testing: upon which the acceptance of the complete software is based. The
clients often do this. Acceptance testing may be performed after the testing and before the
implementation phase. See also Development stage
o Alpha testing is simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an
independent test team at the developers' site. Alpha testing is often employed for off-the-
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shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing, before the software goes to beta
testing.
o Beta testing comes after alpha testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions,
are released to a limited audience outside of the company. The software is released to
groups of people so that further testing can ensure the product has few faults or bugs.
Sometimes, beta versions are made available to the open public to increase the feedback
field to a maximal number of future users.
It should be noted that although both Alpha and Beta are referred to as testing it is in fact
use emersion. The rigors that are applied are often unsystematic and many of the basic
tenets of testing process are not used. The Alpha and Beta period provides insight into
environmental and utilization conditions that can impact the software.
Regression testing: is used to refer the repetition of the earlier successful tests to ensure
that changes made in the software have not introduced new bugs/side effects.
5.2 White Box Testing:
White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box
testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of testing software that tests
internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box
testing). In white-box testing internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills,
are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and
determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit
testing (ICT).
While white box testing can be applicable at
the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process, it is usually done at the
unit level. It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between
subsystems during a system–level test. Though this method of test design can uncover many
errors or problems, it might not detect unimplemented parts of the specification or missing
requirements.
White-box test design techniques include:
i. Control flow testing
ii. Data flow testing
iii. Branch testing
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iv. Path testing
White box testing is a test case design methods that uses the control structure of the
procedural design to derive test cases.
Testing cases in this testing are:
1. All the independent paths within the module have been executed at least once.
2. Exercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides,
3. Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds.
4. Exercise internal data structure to ensure their validity.
5.3 Black Box Testing:
Black-box testing is a method of software testing that tests the
functionality of an application as opposed to its internal structures or workings. Specific
knowledge of the application's code/internal structure and programming knowledge in general
is not required. The tester is only aware of what the software is supposed to do, but not how i.e.
when he enters a certain input, he gets a certain output; without being aware of how the output
was produced in the first place.
Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is
supposed to do. It uses external descriptions of the software, including specifications,
requirements, and designs to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional,
though usually functional. The test designer selects valid and invalid inputs and determines
the correct output. There is no knowledge of the test object's internal structure.
This method of test can be applied to all levels of software
testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance. It typically comprises most if not all testing
at higher levels, but can also dominate unit testing as well.
Typical black-box test design techniques include:
Decision table testing
All-pairs testing
State transition tables
Equivalence partitioning
Boundary value analysis
Black box testing focuses on the functional requirements of the software. This testing finds
errors in the following categories.
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1. Incorrect and missing functions.
2. Interface errors.
3. Errors in data structures or external database access.
4. Performance errors.
5. Initialization and termination errors
Types of Testing:
Smoke Testing: is the process of initial testing in which tester looks for the availability of all
the functionality of the application in order to perform detailed testing on them. (Main check
is for available forms)
Sanity Testing: is a type of testing that is conducted on an application initially to check for
the proper behaviour of an application that is to check all the functionality are available
before the detailed testing is conducted by on them.
Regression Testing: is one of the best and important testing. Regression testing is the process
in which the functionality, which is already tested before, is once again tested whenever some
new change is added in order to check whether the existing functionality remains same.
Re-Testing: is the process in which testing is performed on some functionality which is
already tested before to make sure that the defects are reproducible and to rule out the
environments issues if at all any defects are there.
Static Testing: is the testing, which is performed on an application when it is not been
executed. ex: GUI, Document Testing
Dynamic Testing: is the testing which is performed on an application when it is being
executed. ex: Functional testing.
Alpha Testing: it is a type of user acceptance testing, which is conducted on an application
when it is just before released to the customer.
Beta-Testing: it is a type of UAT that is conducted on an application when it is released to
the customer, when deployed in to the real time environment and being accessed by the real
time users.
Monkey Testing: is the process in which abnormal operations, beyond capacity operations
are done on the application to check the stability of it in spite of the users abnormal
behaviour.
Compatibility testing: it is the testing process in which usually the products are tested on the
environments with different combinations of databases (application servers, browsers…etc)
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In order to check how far the product is compatible with all these environments platform
combination.
Installation Testing: it is the process of testing in which the tester try to install or try to
deploy the module into the corresponding environment by following the guidelines produced
in the deployment document and check whether the installation is successful or not.
Adhoc Testing: Adhoc Testing is the process of testing in which unlike the formal testing
where in test case document is used, with out that test case document testing can be done of
an application, to cover that testing of the future which are not covered in that test case
document. Also it is intended to perform GUI testing which may involve the cosmotic issues.
5.4 Sample Test Cases:
1. GUI Test Cases:
Total no of features that need to be check
Look & Feel
Look for Default values if at all any (date & Time, if at all any require)
Look for spell check
Example for GUI Test cases:
2 .Positive
Test Cases:
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 26
T.C.No Description Expected
value
Actual value Result
1
Check for all the
features in the
screen
The
screen
must
contain
all the
features
2
Check for the
alignment of the
objects as per
the validations
The
alignmen
t should
be in
proper
way
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The positive flow of the functionality must be considered
Valid inputs must be used for testing
Must have the positive perception to verify whether the requirements are justified.
Example for Positive Test cases:
3. Negative Test Cases:
Must have negative perception.
Invalid inputs must be used for test.
Example for Negative Test cases:
T.C.No Description Expected
value
Actual value Result
1 Try to modify
The information
in date and
time
Modification
should not be
allow
2
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 27
T.C.No Description Expected
value
Actual value Result
1
2
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WORK DONE:
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The “INDIAN WILDLIFE” amusing website is successfully designed and is tested for accuracy and
quality.
During this project we have accomplished all the objectives and this project meets the needs of the
organization. The developed will be used in searching, retrieving and generating information for the
concerned requests.
GOALS
Reduced entry work.
Easy retrieval of information
Reduced errors due to human intervention
User friendly screens to enter the data
Portable and flexible for further enhancement
Web enabled.
Fast finding of information requested
Limitations of the system:
Future Enhancements:
It is not possible to develop a system that makes all the requirements of the user. User requirements keep
changing as the system is being used. Some of the future enhancements that can be done to this system are:
As the technology emerges, it is possible to upgrade the system and can be adaptable to desired
environment.
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Because it is based on object-oriented design, any further changes can be easily adaptable.
Based on the future security issues, security can be improved using emerging technologies.
sub admin module can be added
An in-built web browser can be added
APENDIX:
I. References:
Core Java™ 2 Volume I – Fundamentals 7th Edition Cay S. Hortsman
Pearson Education – Sun Microsystems Gary Cornell
Core Java™ 2 Volume II – Advanced Cay S. Hortsman
Pearson Education – Sun Microsystems Gary Cornell
Head First Servlets & JSP Eric Freeman
O’Reilly – SPD Elisabeth Freeman
The Book of JavaScript 2nd Edition Thau
SPD
Effective Java – Programming Language Guide Joshua Bloch
Pearson Education – Sun Microsystems
Java Database Best Practices George Reese
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 36
STOP GLOBAL WARMING
O’Reilly – SPD
JBoss – A Developers Notebook Norman Richards
O’Reilly – SPD Sam Griffith
CSE, MITS (2008-2012). Page 37