Doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban Submission January 2007 Ho-In Jeon (KWU) and Jin-Seok Bae (KATS)...

January 2007

Ho-In Jeon (KWU) and Jin-Seok Bae (KATS) Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: [WiBEEM (Wireless Beacon-enabled Energy Efficient Mesh network) technology for BAN and U-City Core Services]

Date Submitted: [January 17, 2007]Source: [Ho-In Jeon (1) and Jin-Seok Bae (2)] Company: [(1) Dept. Electronic Engineering, Kyung-Won University (KWU), (2) Korean Agency for

Technology and Standards (KATS)] Address: [San 65, Bok-Jung-Dong, Sung-Nam-Shi, Kyung-Gi-Do, Republic of Korea] Voice 1: [ +82-31-753-2533], Voice 2:[ +82-10-4708-5328] FAX: [+82-31-753-2532], E-Mail: [[email protected]]Re: [This work has been supported by KATS.] Abstract: [This document proposes a Mesh Network Architecture that can be used for WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) applications. The proposed technology is called WiBEEM providing beacon-enabled mesh network and thus reduces power consumption. The WiBEEM technology can be used not inly for WBAN not also many core services that U-Cities want to provide.]Purpose: [Technical Contributions on the IEEE 802.15 SG-WBAN Standard]Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

WiBEEM Technology forBAN (Body Area Network)and U-City Core Services

Ho-In Jeon (1) and Jin-Seok Bae (2)

(1) Kyung-Won University, and

(2) KATS (Korea Agency for Technology and Standards)

Republic of Korea

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Contents• Introduction to U-City and U-City Core Services• Ubiquitous Networking Technologies for U-City Services• Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4 Low Rate WPAN, and ZigBee • WiBEEM Technology: The one of the best architectures

for WBAN and U-City Core Services– New MAC with Multiple Beacons in One Superframe and

Beacon Scheduling for Power Saving

– NAA-based Addressing Mode for Efficient Address Space

– Device Mobility Supported.

– WiBEEM Fast Routing Supported.

• Conclusions

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Goals of U-City

• Based on U-IT Technologies that can provide the following features:– Always Connected

– Broadband Network

– Every Device in One Network

• Construction of – Integrated, Taylored,

– Intelligent, Context-Aware, and thus

– Innovative City

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

3 Keywords of Ubiquitous Networking• Always Connected

– Shall support roaming and fast handoff.– Shall support mobility and ad-hoc networking.– Shall support seamless connections.– Shall support real-time discovery and control of devices.– Shall support barrier-free interfaces.

• Broadband Network– Shall support QoS to some level.– Shall support A/V streaming for VOD.

• Every Device in one Network– Shall support IPv6 for high-end devices.– Shall support USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks).– Shall support possible applications for RFID Tags

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-City Core Services • U-Public Services

• U-Governance Service

• U-Environment Management Services

• U-Facility Management Services (Underground as well)

• U-Disaster Protection

• U-ITS Service

• U-Telematics Service

• U-Healthcare Service

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-City Additional Services • U-Healthcare Service

• VoD and U-Education

• Home Viewer Service

• Home Appliances and Lights Control

• Elevator Call Service

• AMR Service

• Gas Valve Shut Down

• Guest / Intruder Control

• VoIP Service

• Wireless Internet Service

• Telematics Service with Car Remote Ignition

• U-Parking Lot Service

• Kids and Patients Care

• Senile Dementia Control

• Digital Hospital with HL7

• Theme Park Management

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Technologies and Infrastructure for U-City

• Transport Layer: BcN, IPv6, MPLS

• Broadcasting: D-TV, T-DMB, S-DMB

• Wired Access Network: xDSL / FTTx / HFC

• Wireless Access: IS-95C, CDMA 2000-1x, IMT-2000, 4G, MBWA, WiBro/WiMax, HSDPA, HSUDA

• Local Area Network: Ethernet

• WLAN: IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n, e, f, i, n, r, s, u, v, w, y

• WPAN: WiBEEM, WiMedia, 802.15.4 + ZigBee, 4a, 5

• Terminal Interface: WWAN, RFID, IPv6

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Evolution Roadmap of Cellular Tech.1995 2005 2010

CDMA(IS-95A)

14.4 Kbps

CDMA(IS-95B)56 Kbps

GSM10 Kbps

PDC28.8 Kbps

CDMA2000-1X144 Kbps

CDMA2000-1XEV-DO Rev.0

(2.4 M/153K)bps

CDMA2000-1XEV-DO Rev.A(3.1/1.8)Mbps

CDMA2000-1XEV-DO Rev.BN × 3.1 Mbps

2 G 3 G 3.5 G

GPRS144 Kbps

EDGE474 Kbps

WCDMARelease 3

(2.3/2.3) M

WCDMARelease 5

(14.4/2.3) M

WCDMARelease 6

(14.4/5.8) M

WCDMARelease 7/830 ~ 100 M

4G

(HSDPA) (HSUPA)

1 GAMPS

Sync.(NA)

Async.(EU)

2000 2007

CDMA2000-1XEV-DV

(3.1/1.8)Mbps

2.5 G

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Evolutions of WWAN Technologies

Internet Tech.

4GOr Wired/Wireless

ConvergedNetwork

2G/2.5G 3G 3.5G

2000 2005 2010 and Later

GSM/cdmaOne W-CDMA/cdma-2000

HSDPA

WirelessAccess

Ethernet

WLAN

WiBroWLL

IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.16e

t

Moving Speed

Cellular Tech.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Some Service

Scenarios with

WiBEEM

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Healthcare Service Scenario

Hospital

U-Healthcare CenterInternet

RG(AP)

8. Emergency Service

CellularPhone

WirelessInternet

10. Provision of Contents Subscribed

1. Subscription of U-Healthcare Service

2. Data Collection3. Emergency Alert

4. Transmit the Collected Data

7. Call the Emergency Service

9. Periodic Monitoring

Home

5. Store Data

6. Analyze the Data

2. Data Collection3. Emergency Alert

4. Transmit the Collected Data

WiBEEM

WiBEEM WWAN

FTTH

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Healthcare Services and U-Terminal• U-Terminal• U-Healthcare Watch

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Healthcare System Configuration

WiBEEMModule

Residential Gateway

WiBEEMModule

WiBEEMModule Interne

tInterne

t

BaseStation

U-Terminal

IDC Serverfor CDSS

Transfer the sensed bio-data from the healthcare watch to IDC

Algorithm for Analyzing

Health Data

Transmission of Analyzed Health

Status to the User

2 Km

< 20 m

HealthcareWatch

< 20 m

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Healthcare Service Modules

WiBEEMRF Chip

CPU(ARM9

orAtmelAVR128)

CDMA(or GSM)Module

GPSModule

U-Terminal

Sensor1 WiBEEMRF Chip

CPU(AtmelAVR128)

WiBEEM Module withSensors or Devices

ROMDevice1

RAM

ROM

LCD

LCDController

Touch Padand

Controller

RAM

RTC

Sensor2

Sensorn

Devicen

DSP(VoIP)

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Home with WiBEEM Technology

DCam.

PVR

VPhone

DTV

DAMHS/

MMRG

InternetFTTH

DTV

PVR

VPhone

Refrig.

DCam.

PC

DTV

STB

PDA

LivingRoom

Room #1

Room#3

Room #2

Kitchen

DoorPhone

WaterMeter

GasMeter

WiBEEM

Oven

Cable, Satellite, Terrestrial

PC

AP or PNC

: WiBEEM

PDA DCam.

Printer

PC

PDARoom

#4

DTV

PowerMeter

Meter Reader

Phone Jack

Gas Oven

MicrowaveOven

DSLAM

Phone Jack

Bath-room

UtilityRoom

WiBEEMMPC

ONU

VDSLMODEM

: IEEE1394

Washer

WiBEEM

WiBEEM

WiBEEM WiBEEM

WiBEEM

WiBEEM

WiBEEMWiBEEM

WiBEEM

WiBEEM

WiBEEM

Association Point

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Parking Lot Service with WiBEEM

Basement 2

Basement 4

U-Parking LotController

WiBEEM Gateway

U-CityControlCenter

Wired NetworkWireless Mesh

WiBEEM MRC

WiBEEM Sensor NodeAssoc. Relation

WiBEEM Gatewaywith/without

Gate Controller

Basement 3

Internet

Internet

U-ParkingLot Server

WiBEEM

WiBEEM

WiBEEM

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

• One MPC will take care of all the MRD’s, the sensor nodes as well as moving cars with U-terminal.

• The gate controller functioning as the Gateway could be the best position of MPC.

• Association point seems to be always the same.– The MPC appears to be the best Association point for all the

incoming cars.

– The PNC could be the best short address assigner.

• The limitation of the maximum number of children for any router of the wireless network may seriously limit the applicability of the protocol.

Characteristics of U-Parking Lot Service (1/2)

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

• Devices are moving fast! (at least 30 Km/h)– Reassociation should be avoided due to the fact that there can

be heavy unnecessary association request traffic.– The network address shall be the same for any position.

• Traffic Directions– Every traffic from both sensor nodes and the mobile terminal is

toward the MPC. – The delivery of the traffic from the MPC to the incoming cars

requires fast routing using the RREP type of AODV-like simplified reactive routing algorithm is required and possible.

– No need to send RREQ by MPC, rather RREP sent directly by the moving cars.

• Disassociation request before leaving the network will be very important for address space reusability.

Characteristics of U-Parking Lot Service (2/2)

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Telematics Service

Satellite

WiBEEM

Telematics

WiBro

Home Network

Satellite DMB

• U-Terminal Interfaced with Car ECU through WiBEEM

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-ITS Service

U-City Control Center

Interne

t

Interne

t

U-Terminal

WiBEEM MRC

Traffic Controllerwith WiBEEM Module

(WiBEEM Gateway)

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Gas Station Service

GasStationOffice

MPC

GasPump

Mesh Mesh

Mesh Mesh Mesh

GasPump

Mesh

GasPump

Mesh Mesh

INAssociationPoint

DisassociationPoint

OUT

GasPump

GasPump

GasPump

GasPump

GasPump

Internet

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Restaurant Service

RestaurantOffice

MPC

INAssociationPoint

DisassociationPoint

OUT

Table 1

WiBEEM

Internet

Table 2

WiBEEM

Table 5

WiBEEM

Table 8

WiBEEM

Table 7

WiBEEM

Table 6

WiBEEM

Table 3

WiBEEM

Table 4

WiBEEM

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

• One MPC at the restaurant office will take care of all the MRDs, the sensor nodes and U-terminals.

• The restaurant office could be the best position of MPC with MEU Gateway functionality.

• The U-Payment service shall also be available.• The characteristics of the U-Restaurant service is almost

same as the U-Gas Station service, while it can be a very dense mode environment.

Characteristics of U-Restaurant Services

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Tourism/Cultural

MuseumMonariza Historical Tower

U-Terminal U-City Control CenterWWAN

WiBEEM

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Dense Mode in a Subway Station

R

R

R

MPCR

15 R

R

R

RR

R2

R 1

14

R

R

R

R

R

R5

4

3

R

R

R

R

R R

R8

7

6

R

R

R

R

R12

9

10

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

13

11

R

R

R

R

R

R

RF Range

R

R

R

R

RR R

R

R

R

RR

RR

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

• Dense mode means that there are a lot of nodes within

the RF range of each other.

• If there are limitations of maximum number of children

that can associate, there may be a ridiculous tree

topology for the tree routing.

• Unnecessary routing will also be needed even if the

blue routable device (node 13) may directly want to

send his data to the MPC device.

Characteristics of Dense Mode

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Environment Management with Mesh

• A scenario in which the device 1 wishes to send its sensed data to device N which is the sensor gateway located 20 Km apart.

• Assumptions– The RF range of each device is assumed to be 20m.

– Multi-hop topology has been used for the propagation of data

– Each device is assumed to use beacon to reduce power consumption.

N N-1 N-2 N-3 2 01

20 Km

Sensor Gateway U-CityManagement

Center

Sensor Nodes

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Fundamental Philosophies for U-City• Adopt as many standardized technologies as possible.• Apply minimum number of technologies.• Minimize the number of terminals to be used.• Provide maximum number of services.• Guarantee the Interoperability for different services in

the U-City• Guarantee the Interoperability for different/Similar

services in different U-Cities.

• One of the solutions could be WiBEEM technology and Broadband WWAN.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

• Mesh Networking Capabilities with very Low Power Consumptions: Multiple Beacons in BOP with Beacon Scheduling

• Fast Mobility Support of New Devices: RREP

• Single Association Point without Limitation on the Maximum Number of Children: Efficient Address Allocation with NAA

• Fast Association of New Device with Dynamic Topology

• Fast Routing: RREP-like packet transmitted by the mobile device

• Fast Device and Service Discovery: NAA

• Disassociation Notifications for Address Space Reusability

• QoS Support: Needs more research

• Apply WiBEEM technology to all the services!!!

WiBEEM: the Solution for These Issues

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Bluetooth

Technology

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Bluetooth V1.1 = IEEE 802.15.1• Forget Plug and Play - Just Play

• 723.2Kbps (Async) (v1.1)

• 3 Mbps (v2.0 EDR)

• 2.4GHz ISM band

• 3 Voice Channels

• 8 Participants in a Piconet

• Crucial component for the wireless world!

• Simple Cable Replacement

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Slave 1

Piconet and Scatternet of Bluetooth

Master

Slave 2

Slave 3

Slave 1

Master

Slave 2 Slave 3

Slave 5

Slave 4

Bluetooth Piconet: BT1.1(Most Bluetooth devices are BT1.1

compliant, and only 8 active nodes can participate in wireless communications.)

Bluetooth Scatternet: BT1.2(Being defined in BT1.2, but not stabilized yet, and only CSR has

announced the basic functionality.)

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Fundamentals of Bluetooth Technology• Long Association Time: 3 seconds

– Scanning the whole channel take a long time.

– Mobility cannot be supported.

– The FHS (Frequency Hopping Sequence) must be downloaded.

• Bandwidth vs. Data Rate– 723.2 Kbps using 83.5 MHz Band

– Data conflicts with 1/79 whenever new PAN joins the network.

• Limited Number of Active Participants: 8– Limits the applicability drastically.

• Scatternet is not supported yet.– Network Expandability problem.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Bluetooth ProfilesGeneric Access Profile

Service DiscoveryApplication Profile

TCS-BIN-based Profiles

Cordless PhoneProfile

Intercom Profile

Serial Port Profile

Generic Object ExchangeProfile

File Transfer Profile

Object Push Profile

Synchronization Profile

Dial-up Networking Profile

Fax Profile

Headset Profile

LAN Access Profile

Car Profile

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

ZigBee over

IEEE 802.15.4

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Superframe Structure of 802.15.4

1514131211109876543210

GTS #1

GTS#2

BeaconCAP CFP

Inactive

Beacon

SD (Superframe Duration)

SD = aBaseSuperframeDuration * 2SO [symbols] = 960 * 2SO [symbols] = 15.36 * 2SO [msec]

SlotD = aBaseSlotDuration × 2SO [symbols] = 60 × 2SO [symbols] = 0.96 × 2SO [msec]

BI (Beacon Interval) = aBaseSuperframeDuration * 2BO [symbols] = 960 * 2BO [symbols] = 15.36 * 2BO [msec]

SlotD (Slot Duration)

210

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

ZigBee over 802.15.4 Protocol Stack

Physical (PHY) Layer

Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer

Network (NWK) Layer

Application Support Sublayer (APS)

APS Message

Broker

ApplicationObject 1…

Application (APL) Layer

ZigBee Device Object (ZDO)

NLDE-SAP

MLDE-SAP

PD-SAP

2.4 GHz Radio 868/915 MHz Radio

MLME-SAP

Application Framework

Device Management

Security Management

Binding Management

Network Management

ApplicationObject 240

ZD

O P

ublic

In

terf

aces

Endpoint 240APSDE-SAP

Endpoint 1APSDE-SAP

Endpoint 0APSDE-SAP

APS Security

Management

Reflector Management

Discovery

Management

NWK Security Management

Network Message Broker

Routing Management

Network Management

PLME-SAP

Security

Service

Provider

ZD

O M

anag

emen

t P

lan

e

AP

SME

-SA

P-

NL

ME

-SA

P

IEEE 802.15.4

ZigBeeAlliance

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Mesh of ZB Works at Non-Beacon Mode525

71

15

121

171

130

355

361

210

200

220

230

191

185

241

017

21

304

0

50

60

• All the intermediate nodes have to be awake all the time.– There is no synchronization mechanism for wake up.– The router devices wastes battery very fast.– It has been reported that 2 AA batteries last only 3 hours.

ZBC

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Beacon Scheduling in ZigBee

: Beacon : CAP

Parent

ChildBeacon Tracking

Beacon Tx OffsetGrandChild

GrandGrandChild

Beacon Tx Offset

• Beacon scheduling in ZigBee can be applied only for low duty cycle, e.g., 1%.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Problems of Beacon Scheduling in ZigBee

Depth = 4, Data Transfer Path: 5 → 4 → 3 → 2 → 1: Beacon

: CAP

1

2

3

4

5

Data Transferfrom 5 to 4

• Serious Propagation Delay with the Increasing Depth– The delay is computed to be (n – 1) × Superframe Length




Superframe #1 Superframe #2 Superframe #3 Superframe #4

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

• Hierarchical block addressing for Tree Routing.• The tree topology is specified by three parameters:

– Lm = Maximum Tree Depth.

– Cm = Maximum Number of Children per Node

– Rm = Maximum Number of Routable Devices

• Total size of Address Block allocated to the tree:

• Size of the block allocated to a child at level Li+1:

Basic Parameters for Addressing in ZBA

1 + Cm – Rm – Cm × Rm

1 – Rm

Cskip(d) =Lm – d – 1

1 – Cm

1 – Cm

Bsize =Lm + 1

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Logical Address Block AssignmentCm = 4, Rm = 3, Lm = 352

5

71

15

121

171

130

355

361

210

200

220

230

191

185

241

017

An = Aparent + Cskip(d) × Rm + n is the address of the end device when it associates at the nth order.

1 + Cm – Rm – Cm × Rm

1 – Rm

Cskip(d) =

Lm – d – 1

21

304

0

50

60

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Limitations of ZigBee Hierarchical Addressing• It wastes the address

space too quickly.• It limits the network

expandability.• It does not provide

device mobility due to the limitation of the maximum number of children that can associate.

• Some devices cannot allow new devices to associate.

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

깊이

주소

할당

개수

ZigBee(2, 2)ZigBee(3, 2)ZigBee(4, 2)ZigBee(3, 3)ZigBee(4, 3)ZigBee(5, 3)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

깊이

주소

할당

개수 ZigBee(4, 4)

ZigBee(5, 4)ZigBee(6, 4)ZigBee(5, 5)ZigBee(6, 5)ZigBee(7, 5)

Depth

Depth Nu

mb

er o

f A

dd

ress

es A

lloc

ated

N

um

ber

of

Ad

dre

sses

A

lloc

ated

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

HiLow: Hierarchical Routing for 6LoWPAN • Address Assignment:

– MC : Maximum Number of Children – AP : Parent’s Address – N : The number of children that the

current parent has.– C : The address of the new node.

1 NAPMCC MCACAP /)1( • Route Computation

– AP : Parent’s Address

– AC : Current Node’s Address

– MC : Maximum Number of Children

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Limitations of HiLow Routing• It wastes the address space too quickly.

• It limits the network expandability, and thus applicability.

• It does not provide device mobility due to the limitation of the maximum number of children that can associate.

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16

깊이

할당

주소

개수

MC = 2MC = 3MC = 4MC = 5MC = 6MC = 7

Depth

Nu

mb

er o

f A

dd

ress

es

All

ocat

ed

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Adaptive Block Addressing of 802.15.5• Stage 1: Association• Stage 2: Children number

collection

• Stage 3: Address assignment– An adaptive tree (AT) is

formed.

– Additional addresses are reserved.

A

B J

ED

C

I

H K

L OG

[0]F M N

[0][0]

[0]

[0][0]

[0]

[1]

[children#][children#]=[8][6]

[5][5][2]

[1][2][1]

[1]

[3][1]

[1][1]

resv’ed: [beg,end]=[0,9000]branch1: [beg,end]=[9001,41000]branch2: [beg,end]=[41001,65000]

[9001,13000][13001,33000][33001,41000]

[41001,45000][45001,65000]

[13001,17000][17001,21000][21001,29000][29001,33000]

[33001,37000][37001,41000]

[45001,49000][49001,61000][61001,65000]

[21001,25000][25001,29000]

[49001,53000][53001,57000][57001,61000]

[17001,21000]

[25001,29000][53001,57000]

[57001,61000]

[61001,65000][37001,41000]

[29001,33000]

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

WiBEEM Protocol

for WBAN and

U-City Core Services

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Overview of the WiBEEM Specification

• Features of WiBEEM – Consumes very low power– Ease of installation– Reliable data transfer

from 250 Kbps to 4 Mbps– 1-hop comm. within 30 m

and expandable to several kilometers via Mesh.

– Mesh topology for beacon-enabled sensor networks

– Extremely low-cost– A very long battery life– A simple and flexible

protocol

• Target market– U-Healthcare– Information Infrastructure

for Digital Hospital– WBAN (Body Area Network)– U-Home Networking– Automatic Meter Reading– Universal Remote Controller– Automotive Networks– Industrial Networks– Facility Management of a City– Sensor Network– Audio/Video capable

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

WiBEEM Protocol Stack

Higher Layer

WiBEEM NWK Layer

WiBEEM MAC Layer

WiBEEM Physical (PHY) Layer

SecurityNetwork

Message BrokerRouting

Management

2.4 GHzRadio (Ch.1)

NLDE-SAP NLME-SAP

MLME-SAP

PLME-SAPPLDE-SAP

MLDE-SAP

NetworkManagement

2.4 GHzRadio (Ch.2)

2.4 GHzRadio (Ch.3)

2.4 GHzRadio (Ch.16)

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

PHY Overview of the WiBEEM • Data Rate

– Minimum 250 Kbps when just one channel is used.– Maximum 4 Mbps for Isochronous Data using 16 channels

• Channels– Max 16, Min 1 channel in the 2.4GHz ISM band– ACA (Adaptive Channel Aggregation) concept is used.

• Modulation– O-QPSK at 2.4GHz

• Coexistence with– 802.11b DSSS and 802.11g OFDM of WLAN– 802.15.1 FHSS of Bluetooth– 802.15.3 DSSS of High-Rate WPAN– 802.15.4 O-QPSK of Low-Rate WPAN

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

PPDU: 133 Bytes

PreambleSequence

Start ofFrame

Delimiter

FrameLength

MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit)

Octets: 4 1 1

SHR (Synchronization Header)

PHR ( PHYHeader )

PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit)

PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit)

8 to 127

• Bigger PPDU size would be preferable.– Large file synchronizations.– PACS applications in the hospital

• Data contention and delay may cause some problems.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

MAC Overview of the WiBEEM • Multiple Beacons in one Superframe • Low Power Consumption due to the Perfect Synchroni-

zation all over the Network by using Beacon Scheduling• Dynamic Channel Selection• Network Topology

– Star Topology– P2P Topology– Cluster-tree Network Topology– Mesh Topology for Beacon as well as Beaconless Network

• 65,536 = 216 devices per MPID (Mesh Piconet ID)• Data Security Support with AES-128 Security

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

WiBEEM MAC Services• MAC Data Service

• MAC Management Service

• Beacon Management

• Channel Access based on CSMA/CA

• CFP Management

• Frame Validation

• Acknowledged Frame Delivery

• Association/Disassociation

• Data aggregation from multiple PHYs

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

WiBEEM Superframe Structure

BOP

1514131211109876543210

CAP CFP DSP

Beacon #1

SD (Superframe Duration)

BI (Beacon Interval)

BOPL

BOPL = BTTSL × maxBeaconNumber [symbols]

SD = aBaseSuperframeDuration × 2SO [symbols]

= 960 × 2SO [symbols]

BI = aBaseSuperframeDuration × 2BO [symbols] = 960 × 2BO [symbols]

Beacon #1

Beacon #2

Beacon #n

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Beacon Frame Format and Payload

FrameControl

BeaconSequenceNumber

Source Address

Information

SuperframeSpecification

CFPFields

PendingAddress

Field

BeaconPayload

FCS

1 4/10 2 k m Variable 2

MHR (MAC Header) MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) MFR(MAC Footer)

Bits : 0-3

BeaconOrder

4-7

SuperframeOrder

8-11

FinalCAPSlot

12

Battery lifeExtension

13

Reserved

14

PANCoordinator

15

AssociationPermit

Octets: 2

1Octets: 1

BOPL

1

My BTTS(BeaconTxTimeSlot)

1

Depth

2

NAA

2

ChildShort

Address

2

ParentShort

Address

1

HOPCount

1

ChildDeviceType

1

MyProfile

ID

1

BTTSL

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

CFP Fields• WiBEEM allows only 1 CFP.

Octets : 1 0/1 3

CFPSpecification

CFPDirections

CFPList

Bits : 0 1-6 7

CFPDescriptor

CountReserved

CFPPermit

Bits : 0-6 7

CFPDirections

MaskReserved

Bits : 0-15 16-19 20-23

DeviceShort

Address

CFPStarting

Slot

CFPLength

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Pending Address Field

• WiBEEM allows 7 pending addresses.

Octets : 1 variable

PendingAddress

Specification

Addresslist

Bits : 0-2 3

Number ofShort Address

PendingReserved

4-6 7

MAX Size ofShort Address

PendingReserved

Octets : 2

ShortAddress

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

MAC Commands

Command Identifier Command name

0x01 Association request

0x02 Association response

0x03 Disassociation notification

0x04 Data request

0x05 PAN ID conflict notification

0x06 Orphan notification

0x07 Beacon request

0x08 Coordinator realignment

0x09 CFP request

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Operating Principles of WiBEEM Devices

• Devices are associated sequentially, one by one.• The relation between parent and children are

characterized by association request and response.– My parent and children are my neighbors.

– All devices I can hear are my neighbors.

• When an association request is granted by multiple nodes, the new node decides to associate with the node which has the lowest depth.

• When depth information is the same, he decides to associate with the node which transmits his beacon earlier than others.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Assoc. and Direct Links Relations

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

• Blue line: Association relations between parent and child• Red Line: Direct Communication Capable• Association Policy

– New nodes are trying to get associated with the node which is as close to the PNC and possible.

– So, a device with lower depth is the highest priority.

PNC

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Association Policy• New nodes are trying to get associated with the node which is

as close to the PNC and possible. • So, a device with lower depth is the highest priority..• If RSSI is not high enough for reliable communications, then

it can choose other node as its parent.• When an association request is granted by multiple nodes, the

new node decides to associate with the node which has the lowest depth.

• When depth information is the same, he decides to associate with the node which transmits his beacon earlier than others.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Assoc. and Direct Links Relations

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

PNC

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

PNC

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

PNC

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Beacon Scheduling ConceptNode 17

Neighbor Nodes 11,13,14,16

Neighbor'sNeighbor Nodes

2, 5, 9, 12

Depth 3

Beacon TimeSlots to Avoid

1, 2, 3, 4,5, 7, 9, 10

My BTTS 61

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

MPC 10

11

12

13

14 16

17

15

CFP

1 2 3

BOP CAP

4 5 6 7

10 11

8 9

12

10

14 15

16 17

Deep Sleep1 2

10

16

BOP

13

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

39

38

37

21

2223

24

25

2627

28

29

30

31

32

3335

36

34

20

19

18

1

2

34

5

6

7

8

9

MPC 10

11

12

13

14 1617

15

40

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

13

11

6

12

9

9

14

11

8

10

10

11

15 5

12

5

16

11 6

9

13

13

7

7

8

7

12

10

15

14

Beacon Scheduling for 40 Nodes

CFPCAP Deep Sleep BOP1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1211 13 14 15 16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1011

8 9

12

13 14

15

16

17

18

192021

22 2324

25

26 27

28

29

30 31

32

33 34

35

36

37

38

3940

BTTSLBTTS

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

NWK Overview of the WiBEEM • Network Formation by Passive and Active Scan• Network Growing and Network Management• Efficient Real-Time Short Address Allocations

– Addressing mechanism based on NAA (Next Address Available) algorithm for Efficient Address Space Usage

– The short address can be assigned in real-time.

• Low Latency Routing Mechanism– WiBEEM Routing based on simplified AODV-like routing– Different from the ZigBee routing

• Network Message Broker• High speed mobility support• Data Fragmentation

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

NWK General Frame Format

Octets: 2 0/1

FrameControl

2 2 0/2

TargetAddress

Origi-nator

Address

Max.BroadcastHop Count

BroadcastID Number

Routing Fields

NWK Header

Variable

FramePayload

NWKPayload

2

TTL

0/1

Fragmen-tation

ID

Var

Fragmen-tationCount

Var

Fragmen-tation

Number

Fragmentation Fields

0/1

Fragmen-tation

Length

Bits : 0-1

FrameType

2-5

ProtocolVersion

6

DiscoverRoute

7

Fragmentation

9

Security

10-15

Reserved

8

MulticastFlag

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

NWK Command IdentifierCommand Frame

IdentifierCommand name

0x01 Route request

0x02 Route reply

0x03 Route Error

0x04 Network Check Request

0x05 Network Check Response

0x06 Neighbor’s BTTS request

0x07 Neighbor’s BTTS response

0x08Parent Relationship

Change request

0x09Parent Relationship

Change response

0x0a Parent Change Notify

0x0b Still Alive

0x0c Routing Table request

0x0d Routing Table response

0x0e NAA Grant Request

0x0f NAA Grant Response

0x10 BTTSL Change Request

0x11 BTTSL Change Response

0x12 Device Wake Time Update (opt.)

0x13Device SP Request

(Request Data format) (opt.)

0x14Device SP Response

(Response Data format) (opt.)

0x15 Device Reserve Period (opt.)

0x16 POS Range Request (opt.)

0x17 POS Range Response (opt.)

0x00, 0x18~0xff Reserved

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Short Address Allocation Mechanisms• CAA (Centralized Address Allocations)

– The new device waits until the PNC allocates one.

– It may take too much time for the address allocation.

• LBA (Logical Block Addressing) – Waste of address space

• Hi-Low (Hierarchical Routing for 6LoWPAN: IETF)– Waste of address space

• ABA (Adaptive Block Addressing: IEEE 802.15.5)• NAA (Next Address Available)

– Possible address conflicts but can be resolved.

– Perfect 16-bit address space reusability

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

NAA Informartion in Beacon Payload

FrameControl

BeaconSequenceNumber

Source Address

Information

SuperframeSpecification

CFPFields

PendingAddress

Field

BeaconPayload

FCS

1 4/10 2 k m Variable 2

MHR (MAC Header) MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) MFR(MAC Footer)

Bits : 0-3

BeaconOrder

4-7

SuperframeOrder

8-11

FinalCAPSlot

12

Battery lifeExtension

13

Reserved

14

PANCoordinator

15

AssociationPermit

Octets: 2

1Octets: 1

BOPL

1

My BTTS(BeaconTxTimeSlot)

1

Depth

2

NAA

2

ChildShort

Address

2

ParentShort

Address

1

HOPCount

1

ChildDeviceType

1

MyProfile

ID

1

BTTSL

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

A

C DB

G

MPC

MRC MRC MRC

MRC

NAA Value in theBeacon Payload is 6


Efficient Real-Time Addressing by NAAAssociation Request

Association Response

NAA Grant Request

NAA Grant Response

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

A

C DB

E=6 G

MRC MRC MRC

MRC

1

2

3



Efficient Real-Time Addressing by NAA

Association Request


NAA Grant Request

NAA Grant Response

MPC

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

A

C DB

E G

MRC MRC MRC

MRC

NAA Value in theBeacon Payload is 7.


4


Association Request


NAA Grant Request

NAA Grant Response

MPC

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

A

C DB

E F=7 G

Association Request


NAA Grant Request

NAA Grant Response

MC

MRC MRC MRC

MRC


4

21

3


MPC

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Advantages of WiBEEM Addressing

• No address waste.

• Device discovery done when the address is granted.

• The concept of NAA (Next Address Available) allows the complete reuse of the 16-bit address space when the node has been disassociated.

• Possible address conflicts that can be resolved when two nodes join the network at the same time.

• Reasonable delay for resolving the address conflicts.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

WiBEEM Routing

• The NAA does not allow the tree routing because of the no-systematic addressing mechanism.

• The tree routing, however, limits the applicability of the protocol drastically.– The number of new devices to join in.– Device mobility

• WiBEEM routing has only one mandatory routing algorithm:– Does not support Tree routing.– WiBEEM routing with simplified AOVD-like reactive routing.– Different from ZigBee routing– Different from HiLow routing.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

LOAD DYMO-low AODV TinyAODV ZigBee WiBEEM

RERR Message Use Use Use Use Use Use

Sequence Number

No Use Use Use Use No Use No Use

Precursor lists No Use No Use Use No Use No Use No Use

Gratuitous RREP No Use No Use Use No Use No Use No Use

Hop Count Opt Opt Use Use No Use Opt

Hello Messages No Use No Use Use No Use No Use No Use

Local repair No Use No Use Use No Use Use No Use

Energy Usage Low Low High Low Low Low

Memory Usage Low Low High Low Low Low

Mobility Mobile/Static Mobile/Static Mobile Mobile Mobile/Static MobileControl Packet Aggregation

No Use Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Comparison of Routing Protocols

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Implementation of

WiBEEM Technology :

U-Parking Lot System

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Why U-Parking Lot?• Wide area of parking lot space covering several hundred meters

with 4 or 5 floors using WiBEEM mesh network.• When the parking lot is in the underground, there is no location

information based on GPS processing, and the WPAN mesh will be the only mechanism that can provide location information.

• Cars coming into the parking lot can be 32,000 associating with one single point of the network, and sensors can be upto 32,536.

• Devices are moving as fast as 30 Km.• Very similar to the infrastructure of digital hospital.

– Emergency ambulances are coming rapidly.– Need to get information about the car and patient as soon as possible using

the digital hospital infrastructure.– While moving, information has to be updated.

• Once U-Parking Lot service is implemented, almost every service can be proved.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

U-Parking Lot Service with WiBEEM

Basement 2

Basement 4

U-Parking LotController

WiBEEM Gateway

U-CityControlCenter

Wired NetworkWireless Mesh

WiBEEM MRC

WiBEEM Sensor NodeAssoc. Relation

WiBEEM Gatewaywith/without

Gate Controller

Basement 3

Internet

Internet

U-ParkingLot Server

WiBEEM

WiBEEM

WiBEEM

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

MPC Module

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

MRC Module

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Ultra Sonar Sensor Module

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Terminal Carried in the Car

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

PAN Formation• The WPAN has been formed successfully by associating

sequentially, one, by one. – Initial WiBEEM Network formed.

MPC

MRC

MRCMRC

Sensor

Sensor

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Beacon Scheduling in the BOP• Beacon Scheduling Performed Successfully

– Transmission and reception of WiBEEM Devices.– Checked the BOP (Beacon Only Period).– Checked the Beacon Scheduling in the BOP.

MPC

MRC

MRCMRC

MRC

MRC

MRC

MPC

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Beacon Scheduling in the BOP

BOP

NAA

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Short Address Allocation based on NAA• Short address allocation based on NAA has been

implemented– The beacon contains the new address continuously.

– When there is a address conflict, address reassignement was made successfully.

MPC

MRC

MRCMRC

Sensor

Sensor

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Address Allocation by NAA

NAA in Beacon Payload

Assigned Address

NAA Update Command

BTTS Request Command

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

WiBEEM Routing• Checked that the optimal route has been found.

– Checked the validity of WiBEEM routing algorithm.

MPC

MRC

MRCMRC

MRC

MRC

MRC

MRC

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

WiBEEM Routing Table in each MRC• The routing tables of each device has been shown• Format: 0x0001 : 0x0005 : 0x0005

DestinationAddress

Next-hopAddress

Depth

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Parent-Child Relationship Change• When the overall network has been formed and a

device is moving, there is the disconnection between the parent and child device.

• By using Parent-Child Relationship Change command, the mesh network works without reconfiguration.– This confirms the mobility support of WiBEEM devices

MPC

MRC 2

MRC 1MRC 3

Sensor 1

Sensor 2

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Parent-Child Relationship Change

Relationship Change Command

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Photo of Basement 1

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Photo of Basement 2

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Area 2

Area 1

S9

19

11

10

12

Diagram of Masement 1

MRC

MPC

Sensor

S8

S9

S8

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

S5

S6

S1

S2

S3

S4

Area 1

Area 2

Area 3

Area 4

Gate to Basement

2

7

65

MPCMPC1

2

13

3

8

4

14

Diagram of Basement 2

S2

S1 S5

S6

S4

S3

S7

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Photo of MRC installed

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Photo of Sensor Module Installed

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Photo of MPC and Server

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Connecting Corridor between B1 and B2

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Display of Server Program Executed

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Status of Sensor Module Displayed

Position Information

Address Information of Sensor Nodes and MRC

Number of Cars Parked

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Display after successful association

• Display when successful association is made.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Display after a space has been allocated.

• The available parking space is B2 in floor

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Parking Space Reassignment Due to Unexpected Preemption

• When the parking space that been assigned to park is preempted by an unexpected car, the WiBEEM system automatically informs the driver where to park.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Search of driver’s parking space• The terminal can tell the driver where he parked his car.

<When wrong number entered.> <When correct number entered.>

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

5C…

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

IEEE 802 Five Criteria• BROAD MARKET POTENTIAL

– Broad sets of applicability

– Multiple vendors, numerous users

• COMPATIBILITY

• DISTINCT IDENTITY – Substantially different from other 802 Projects

– One unique solution per problem (not two solutions to a problem)

• TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY– Demonstrated system feasibility

– Proven technology, reasonable testing

• ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY– Known cost factors, reliable data

– Reasonable cost for performance

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Conclusions • Introduced Concept of U-City and Services• Networking Technologies for U-City Core Services• Analyzed the fundamental limitations of Bluetooth and

ZigBee over IEEE 802.15.4 protocol.• Introduced WiBEEM (Mesh-Enabled USN) Architecture

– Multiple beacons in one superframe– All the beacons are scheduled to avoid beacon conflicts.– Real-time, efficient short address allocation based on NAA.

• WiBEEM Protocol is one of the the best technologies for WBAN, Digital Hospital Information Infrastructure, and many U-City Core Services.

• It provides best interoperability for the services.

January 2007


doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban

Submission

Acknowledgment • This work has been supported by KATS.

Doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban Submission January 2007 Ho-In Jeon (KWU) and Jin-Seok Bae (KATS)...

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Transcript of Doc.: IEEE 802.15-07-0576-00-0ban Submission January 2007 Ho-In Jeon (KWU) and Jin-Seok Bae (KATS)...